重组芋螺毒素His-Xa-MrVIB分泌表达研究

[目的]利用简单快速的基因工程法来生产富含二硫键的芋螺毒素Mr VIB,寻找有效合成具有天然活性芋螺毒素的新途径。[方法]人工设计合成芋螺毒素Mr VIB基因引物来构建表达载体p ET22b(+)/His-Xa-Mr VIB,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plys S进行诱导表达。再利用Ni-NTA琼脂糖柱进行亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳分析重组蛋白表达形式。[结果]重组芋螺毒素His-Xa-Mr VIB(r His-Xa-Mr VIB)在大肠杆菌中获得有效分泌表达,经一步亲和层析获得纯度大于90%的重组芋螺毒素。[结论]基因工程方法能够有效分泌表达芋螺毒素Mr VIB,解决化学合成芋螺毒素产量低、成本高、难以纯化等问题。     

化学合成ω-芋螺毒素MⅦA的复性与质谱分析

为了探讨质谱分析在合成多肽氧化复性和分离纯化研究中的应用,用固相多肽合成方法合成ω－芋螺毒素MⅦA,在含谷胱甘肽的缓冲体系中进行氧化复性后,经离子交换和RP－HPLC分离纯化。利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI－TOF－MS）和电喷雾串联质谱（ESI－MS／MS）分析ω－芋螺毒素MⅦA氧化复性和分离纯化的效果,最后用电生理学实验测定复性ω－芋螺毒素MⅦA的生理活性。其结果表明,获得的ω－芋螺毒纱MⅦA纯化复性样品具有与天然ω－芋螺毒素MⅦ完全相同的空间构象和生理活性。     

人白介素-4与大肠杆菌二硫键异构酶DsbC在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及羟胺切割后共复性

目的:通过融合表达、羟胺切割、与二硫键异构酶共复性,获得高表达、高纯度、高生物活性的重组人白细胞介素-4(rhIL-4)。方法:将5端引入了羟胺切割位点的hIL-4基因克隆到大肠杆菌二硫键异构酶DsbC的原核表达载体pET-DsbC中,IPTG诱导表达,对包涵体进行纯化,然后在变性条件下经羟胺切割,利用DsbC的分子伴侣功能与hIL-4进行共复性,最后利用阳离子交换层析纯化获得rhIL-4蛋白。结果:融合蛋白DsbC-hIL-4的表达量占细菌总蛋白的40%以上,以包涵体形式存在;纯化后得到的rhIL-4的相对分子量为15×103,与预期一致,电泳纯度达95%;细胞学实验测定其具有良好的生物学活性。结论:通过融合表达的方法可以提高hIL-4的原核表达量;利用共复性的方式极大地提高了hIL-4的复性率和生物活性。     

芋螺毒素基因资源研究进展

芋螺毒素和微生物的次生代谢产物与植物的生物碱一样,具有生物多样性的特点。芋螺毒素特有的二硫键骨架和化学修饰后特异的空间结构,使其具有特异的稳定性和药理学活性。对芋螺毒素基因的分析和新型基因的克隆筛选,是深入研究各种受体、离子通道及其亚型,进而在克隆表达的靶受体上设计和筛选高效新药的前提。芋螺毒素基因资源的研究在芋螺毒素新基因及其编码产物毒素肽的发现与利用方面发挥了重要作用。现对该领域的新进展进行论述。     

海南产桶形芋螺蛋白质二硫键异构酶的鉴定

蛋白质二硫键异构酶(PDI)是内质网新生肽链折叠中一个重要的折叠酶.在热 带药用海洋生物芋螺的毒液中富含PDI酶,该酶对于毒液中芋螺毒素神经肽的体内 氧化折叠至关重要.本研究主要采用凝胶过滤层析和制备型Rotofor液相等电聚焦 电泳等多种方法,从海南产桶形芋螺（Conus betulinus Linnaeus）毒管中分离 纯化天然的PDI酶蛋白,经电泳和MALDI-TOF MS质谱鉴定分析确证获得了高纯度 的桶形芋螺PDI酶,建立了天然芋螺PDI酶分离纯化的技术方法. 以芋螺毒素线性 肽K412为底物进行了PDI酶活性鉴定.结果表明,该分离纯化的PDI酶能够促进K412 的氧化折叠.由于芋螺毒素的氧化折叠非常复杂,且氧化折叠后具有正确二硫键连 接方式的芋螺毒素才具有各种药理活性,因此,本研究结果为后续PDI酶在种类繁 多的芋螺毒素氧化折叠中的应用及其作用机制研究提供了重要的物质基础.     

IEF纯化重组A型肉毒毒素保护性抗原

在大肠杆菌中高效表达的重组A型肉毒毒素保护性抗原（rBoNTaH468),是以包涵体形式存在,将表达菌株发酵后,裂解菌体,制备包涵体,溶解后的包涵体溶液经样品处理,通过等地电聚焦制备型电泳纯化,纯化的重组A型肉毒毒素保护性抗原（rBoNTaH468)纯度高于90%,产量及回收率高,纯化的重组表达产物酶联检测具有结合活性,这为下一步A型肉毒毒素抗毒素的研制打下基础。     

重组人表皮生长因子包涵体的表达、纯化及复性

目的:通过优化人表皮生长因子(hEGF)基因序列,利用大肠杆菌大量表达重组hEGF(rhEGF)包涵体,经过包涵体纯化复性获得高活性的rhEGF。方法:采用全基因合成优化后的序列,克隆至pET-30a表达载体中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,将rhEGF包涵体用尿素溶解后过Ni柱纯化并稀释复性,根据药典对得到的rhEGF进行纯度及活性测定。结果:构建了rhEGF的表达载体pET-30a-rhEGF,表达出的蛋白主要存在于包涵体中,相对分子质量为6.5×10~3,包涵体经过纯化复性后获得的rhEGF纯度可达92.8%,生物活性约4.94×10~7IU/mg。结论:得到了具有较高活性的rhEGF。     

蛇毒蛋白原核表达包涵体复性研究进展

外源基因在大肠杆菌中表达后常形成不溶性的无活性包涵体。包涵体的形成已经成为研究和应用活性蛋白质生产的主要障碍。然而,在合适的条件下,包涵体经过溶解、纯化、复性过程后可在体外重新折叠成有活性的蛋白质。迄今,已对蝰科、眼镜蛇科11种毒蛇的18个基因(包括金属蛋白酶、PLA₂、β-银环蛇毒素、心脏素素、丝氨酸蛋白酶、神经生长因子、C-型凝集素等)成功进行了原核表达,采用稀释复性、透析复性和层析复性三种方法成功进行了包涵体复性。着重就蛇毒蛋白原核表达后包涵体复性所用的方法予以综述。     

Ⅱ型志贺样毒素B亚单位的重组表达及其受体结合活性

目的：在大肠杆菌中重组表达Ⅱ型志贺样毒素B亚单位（Stx2B）,并对其表达形式和受体结合活性进行分析。 方法：PCR方法从肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）O157:H7中钓取Stx2B编码基因,利用基因克隆技术构建重组大肠杆菌pET-stx2B/BL21,IPTG诱导目的蛋白高效表达并对表达的包涵体进行变性和复性处理,离子交换层析纯化蛋白。通过SDS-PAGE变性和非变形蛋白电泳,分析重组Stx2B的表达形式,并利用Hela细胞结合模型,评价重组Stx2B与细胞受体的结合活性。结果：构建的重组大肠杆菌pET-stx2B/BL21能高效表达Stx2B,经变性、复性及离子交换层析操作,获得高纯度的目的蛋白。SDS-PAGE变性和非变形蛋白电泳分析显示,重组Stx2B以二聚体形式存在,单体之间通过二硫键相连。细胞结合试验显示,重组Stx2B与Hela细胞具有特异结合活性。结论：成功构建表达Stx2B的基因工程菌,Stx2B的受体结合活性不依赖于五聚体形式。     

内生真菌Shiraiasp.Slf 14中菊粉酶基因的克隆、表达及包涵体复性

为了实现内生真菌Shiraia sp.Slf 14菊粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,建立有效的包涵体复性技术,获得有活性的重组菊粉酶,本研究通过提取Shiraia sp.Slf 14的总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,设计PCR引物扩增出菊粉酶基因,将其克隆至pET-22b(+)载体后转入E.coli BL21(DE3),利用SDS-PAGE法检测IPTG诱导表达后重组蛋白的表达情况,并进一步检测了包涵体复性及重组酶酶活情况,最终成功获得了相对分子量为62.07 kD的重组蛋白,成功复性包涵体,复性率为25.23%,重组菊粉酶活力为6.84 U/m L。本研究为活性重组菊粉酶的获得及包涵体复性提供了新的方法和依据。     

Expression, renaturation and biological activity of recombinant conotoxin GeXIVAWT

Conotoxins are a diverse array of small peptides mostly with multiple disulfide bridges. These peptides become an increasing significant source of neuro-pharmacological probes and drugs as a result of the high selectivity for ion channels and receptors. Conotoxin GeXIVAWT (CTX-GeXIVAWT) is a 28-amino acid peptide containing five cysteines isolated from the venom of Conus generalis. Here, we present a simple and fast strategy of producing disulfide-rich conotoxins via recombinant expression. The codes of novel conotoxin gene GeXIVAWT were optimized and generated two pairs of primers by chemical synthesis for construction of expression vector. Recombinant expression vector pET22b(+)-GeXIVAWT fused with pelB leader and His-tag was successfully expressed as an insoluble body in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. Recombinant conotoxin GeXIVAWT (rCTX-GeXIVAWT) was obtained by dissolving the insoluble bodies and purifying with a Ni-NTA affinity column, which was further purified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. The rCTX-GeXIVAWT renatured in vitro could inhibited the growth of Sf9 cell with biological activity assay. This expression system may prove valuable for future structure–function studies of conotoxins.     

Soluble expression, purification and functional identification of a disulfide-rich conotoxin derived from Conus litteratus

Conotoxins are a diverse array of small peptides mostly with multiple disulfide bridges. These peptides become an increasing significant source of neuro-pharmacological probes and drugs as a result of the high selectivity for ion channels and receptors. Usually, the analogue of natural conotoxins is produced by means of chemical synthesis. Here, we present a simple and fast strategy of producing disulfide-rich conotoxins via recombinant expression. By fused with thioredoxin and His tag, a novel O-superfamily conotoxin lt7a was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified, resulting in a high yield of recombinant lt7a about 6 mg/l. The purity of target protein is up to 95% as identified by HPLC results. Whole cell patch-clamp recording revealed that the new conotoxin blocked voltage-sensitive sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, indicating it might be a novel microO-conotoxin.     

Expression and purification of a small cytokine growth-blocking peptide from armyworm Pseudaletia separata by an optimized fermentation method using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

A small multifunctional cytokine, growth-blocking peptide (GBP), from the armyworm Pseudaletia separata larvae was expressed as a soluble and active recombinant peptide in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. An expression vector for GBP secretion was constructed using vector pPIC9, and GBP was expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. Although we first tried to cultivate GBP in shake flask cultures, the yield was low, probably due to proteolysis of the recombinant protein. To overcome this problem, we utilized a high-density fermentation method. The pH of the medium in the fermenter was kept at 3.0, and the medium was collected within 48h post methanol shift to minimize exposure of the target peptide to proteases. Recombinant GBP was purified through three reverse-phase HPLC columns. We characterized the 25 amino acid GBP by molecular mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing. Plasmatocyte spreading, one of the activities of GBP, was similar between chemically synthesized GBP and purified recombinant GBP. Up to 50mg GBP was recovered per 1L of yeast culture supernatant.     

Recombinant expression of bioactive peptide lunasin in Escherichia coli

Lunasin, a cancer-preventive peptide, was isolated from soybean, barley, and wheat. Previous studies showed that this 43-amino acid peptide has the ability to suppress chemical carcinogen-induced transformation in mammalian cells and skin carcinogenesis in mice. In this study, we attempted to use the Escherichia coli T7 expression system for expression of lunasin. The lunasin gene was synthesized by overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) with the use of vector pET29a. The recombinant lunasin containing his-tag at the C-terminus was expressed in soluble form which could be purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. After 4 h, the expression level is above 4.73 mg of recombinant his-tagged lunasin/L of Luria–Bertani broth. It does not affect the bacterial growth and expression levels. This is the first study that successfully uses E. coli as a host to produce valuable bioactive lunasin. The result of in vitro bioassay showed that the purified recombinant lunasin can inhibit histone acetylation. Recombinant lunasin also inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide production). Compared with other research methods on extraction or chemical synthesis to produce lunasin, our method is very efficient in saving time and cost. In the future, it could be applied in medicine and structure–function determination.     

Production of antifungal recombinant peptides in Escherichia coli

Antifungal peptides derived from the human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) were produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with human BoneD. Bacterial cultures transformed with the gene encoding the fusion protein were grown to a high cell density (OD(600)>100), and induced with L-arabinose to initiate product expression. Fusion protein accumulated into cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and recombinant peptide was released from BoneD by acid hydrolysis at an engineered aspartyl-prolyl dipeptide linker. Acid hydrolysis of purified inclusion bodies at pH <2.6 followed Arrhenius kinetics and did not require prior inclusion body solubilization in detergents or denaturants. Surprisingly, at pH <2.6 and 85 degrees C, cell lysis and aspartyl-prolyl hydrolysis with concomitant peptide release occurred simultaneously. Bacterial cultures were, therefore, adjusted to approximately pH 2.6 with HCl directly in the bioreactor and incubated at elevated temperature. Peptide, which is soluble in the aqueous acidic environment, was separated from the insoluble material and purified using column separation techniques. Recombinant peptide was separated from the hydrolyzed bioreactor culture with >76% recovery and a final peptide purity of >97%. Antifungal peptide prepared by recombinant and solid phase synthesis methods demonstrated similar activity against Candida sp. in a broth microdilution assay.     

Purification and partial characterisation of recombinant human hepcidin

Hepcidin is a liver-expressed antimicrobial and iron regulatory peptide. A number of studies have indicated that hepcidin is important for the correct regulation of body iron homeostasis. The aims of this study were to analyse the expression, trafficking and regulation of human hepcidin in an in vitro cell culture system. Human hepcidin was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis revealed that recombinant hepcidin localised to the Golgi complex. Recombinant hepcidin is secreted from the cell within 1 h of its synthesis. Recombinant hepcidin was purified from the cell culture medium using ion-exchange and metal-affinity chromatography and was active in antimicrobial assays. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the secreted peptide revealed that it was the mature 25 amino acid form of hepcidin. Our results show that recombinant myc-His tagged human hepcidin was expressed, processed and secreted correctly and biologically active in antimicrobial assays.     

中国家蚕抗菌肽ABP-CM4在E.coli中的融合表达及活性分析

参照天然抗菌肽CM4(ABP-CM4)氨基酸序列和大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,采用rPCR法获得CM4基因后重组到表达载体pET32a上,在E.coli中融合表达。表达产物以可溶性存在,经Ni2 -NTA琼脂糖亲和层析获得融合蛋白,再经甲酸切割、亲和层析和阳离子交换层析,得到纯化的重组抗菌肽。琼脂糖扩散法和液相测定法证明了纯化的抗菌肽具有抗菌活性。     

A novel M-superfamily conotoxin with a unique motif from Conus vexillum

Cone snails are tropical marine mollusks that envenomate prey with a complex mixture of neuropharmacologically active compounds for the purpose of feeding and defence, each evolved to act in a highly specific manner on different parts of the nervous system. Here, we report the peptide purification, molecular cloning, chemical synthesis, and functional characterization of a structurally unique toxin isolated from the venom of Conus vexillum. The novel peptide, designated Vx2, was composed of 21 amino acid residues cross-linked by 3 disulfide bonds (WIDPSHYCCCGGGCTDDCVNC). Intriguingly, its mature peptide sequence shows low level of similarity with other identified conotoxins, and its unique motif (-CCCGGGC-) was not reported in other Conus peptides. However, its signal peptide sequence shares high similarity with those of the M-superfamily conotoxins. Hence, Vx2 could be classified into a new family of the M-superfamily.     

Chemical ligation and cleavage on solid support facilitate recombinant peptide purification

Recombinant peptide technology offers a promising means alternative to chemical synthesis and natural extraction of peptides. The bottleneck in the process of recombinant peptide production is the paucity of efficient purification protocols to eliminate heterogeneity of the desired preparation. Here, we introduce a combination strategy to facilitate purification of recombinant therapeutic peptide via native chemical ligation and chemical cleavage on a solid support. In this study, one promising therapeutic peptide called for type-2 diabetes, GLP-1(7-37), was prepared with high yield and purity without an expensive HPLC purification. Furthermore, this method is also useful for the preparation of isotopically labeled NMR peptide samples. Hopefully, this strategy combining chemical ligation with chemical cleavage on a solid support will ameliorate the production of important recombinant pharmaceutical peptides.     

Production of N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 2 (GalNAc-T2) fused with secretory signal Igκ in insect cells

The human UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 2 (GalNAc-T2) is one of the key enzymes that initiate synthesis of hinge-region O-linked glycans of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). We designed secreted soluble form of human GalNAc-T2 as a fusion protein containing mouse immunoglobulin light chain kappa secretory signal and expressed it using baculovirus and mammalian expression vectors. The recombinant protein was secreted by insect cells Sf9 and human HEK 293T cells in the culture medium. The protein was purified from the media using affinity Ni-NTA chromatography followed by stabilization of purified protein in 50mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4. Although the purity of recombinant GalNAc-T2 was comparable in both expression systems, the yield was higher in Sf9 insect expression system (2.5mg of GalNAc-T2 protein per 1L culture medium). The purified soluble recombinant GalNAc-T2 had an estimated molecular mass of 65.8kDa and its amino-acid sequence was confirmed by mass-spectrometric analysis. The enzymatic activity of Sf9-produced recombinant GalNAc-T2 was determined by the quantification of enzyme-mediated attachment of GalNAc to synthetic IgA1 hinge-region peptide as the acceptor and UDP-GalNAc as the donor. In conclusion, murine immunoglobulin kappa secretory signal was used for production of secreted enzymatically active GalNAc-T2 in insect baculovirus expression system.