黄芩细胞生长特性及次生代谢产物生产性能的研究

采用4种不同激素组合的MS培养液对黄芩细胞进行悬浮培养．结果表明。在各培养液中黄芩细胞的生长曲线均呈S形。培养周期仅为9d;在M2[MS 2．4-D(0．5mg／L) 6-BA(1．0mg／L)]培养液中,黄芩细胞的总黄酮积累速率、硝酸还原酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性均高于其它处理。是进行黄芩细胞悬浮培养生产总黄酮的最佳培养基配方。     

芦荟汁对银杏悬浮培养细胞的生长及次生代谢产物合成的影响

将无菌芦荟汁按不同比例添加于银杏细胞悬浮培养基中,研究其对银杏细胞的生长及次生代谢产物合成的影响,结果表明,添加０．１％的芦荟汁,银杏细胞干重达１６．０７ｇ／Ｌ,比对照提高了１３％;添加０．０５％的芦荟汁可明显促进银杏悬浮培养细胞次生代谢产物合成,总黄酮含量比对照提高了１６．７４％。     

油樟悬浮培养及次生代谢产物的诱导

以油樟（Cinnamomum longepaniculatum）叶片为外植体在附加6-BA和NAA不同激素浓度组合的MS培养基上筛选质地疏松、生长旺盛的愈伤组织,分别接种在MS、B5、WPM三种液体培养基中进行细胞悬浮培养,并检测诱导产生的次生代谢产物。结果表明：2mg·L^-16-BA＋0.5mg·L^-1NAA能诱导质地疏松、生长旺盛的愈伤组织,B5基本培养基中细胞长势最好;愈伤组织在B5＋2mg·L^-16-BA＋0.5mg·L^-1NAA中悬浮培养,继代2次后形成均一的单细胞;从油樟悬浮培养物中检测出50%以上的成分是苯甲醇。     

油樟悬浮培养及次生代谢产物的诱导

以油樟(Cinnamomum longepaniculatum)叶片为外植体在附加6-BA和NAA不同激素浓度组合的MS培养基上筛选质地疏松、生长旺盛的愈伤组织, 分别接种在MS、B5、WPM三种液体培养基中进行细胞悬浮培养, 并检测诱导产生的次生代谢产物。结果表明: 2 mg.L-1 6-BA+ 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA能诱导质地疏松、生长旺盛的愈伤组织, B5基本培养基中细胞长势最好; 愈伤组织在B5+2 mg.L-1 6-BA+ 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA中悬浮培养, 继代2次后形成均一的单细胞; 从油樟悬浮培养物中检测出50%以上的成分是苯甲醇。     

植物次生代谢产物简介

阐述了植物次生代谢产物的基本概念、主要功能,主要类型和生成次生代谢产物的主要途径,最后简单介绍了植物细胞大规模培养法生产有用次生代谢产物的现状。     

植物次生代谢产物的应用

世界上有形形色色的植物,在它们的新陈代谢过程中产生了各种各样的化学物质,其中有些化合物是维持植物生命活动所必须的,通常称之为初生代谢产物,如糖、氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质等。而在新陈代谢过程中产生的绝大多数化合物对植物本身的生命活动似乎无关紧要,如生物碱、黄酮、香豆素、木脂素、挥发油、蒽醌、皂甙、强心甙等成分,这些化合物通常被称为次     

植物组织培养生产有用次生代谢产物的研究进展

本文论述了植物组织培养生产次级代谢的研究进展,对一些主要问题进行了讨论和展望,包括：影响主次生代谢产物的因素、提高产量的途径、生物反应器技术的应用等。     

天然植物次生代谢产物的提取

尽管化学合成给人类提供了大量不同物质以满足生活,我们仍然不能有效地制造一些化合物,尤其是一些具有生物活性的天然植物次生代谢产物,它们的活性功能是合成产物无法替代的。这样,人们便转向从自然界的植物材料直接获得抑制剂、杀虫剂、油和芳香物等物质（表１）,为...     

放线菌次生代谢产物合成基因组研究

简述放线菌全基因组研究概况,次生代谢产物合成基因组研究涉及的问题;重点介绍聚酮类化合物合成基因组的结构和功能;如何利用基因组筛选程序,筛选具有生物活性次生代谢产物合成基因簇的产生菌,作为新药发现的一种手段。     

激素对植物细胞悬浮培养代谢产物的影响研究进展

激素是调节植物细胞生长发育和代谢产物形成的主要物质。综述了在植物细胞悬浮培养中,激素对细胞生物量和代谢产物含量的影响的研究进展。内容包括外源激素的种类、浓度、配比对悬浮培养细胞生物量和代谢产物含量的影响,内源激素检测技术的发展历程、内源激素的含量变化及其对悬浮培养细胞生物量和代谢产物含量的影响,内源激素和外源激素对植物细胞悬浮培养影响的相互作用关系以及新品种激素影响作用的相关研究。     

毛状根培养与植物次生代谢物的生产

综述了发根土壤杆菌诱导植物产生毛状根的方法及毛状根的特点,重点介绍了国内利用毛状根培养技术生产植物次生代谢物的最新研究进展。     

Anther Culture of Naked Oat and the Establishment of Its Haploid Suspension Cell

This paper reported the production of haploid plants through anther culture in naked oat (Arena nuda). Calluses were induced from anthers of naked oat placed on various culture media. MS medium with 4% sucrose, 1% activated charcoal and no hormones gave the highest initiation frequencies (14.7%) of anther callus among media tested. Twelve green plants and one albino plant have been regenerated from anther calluses. Cytological examination of mitotic rooot tip ceils from three green anther plants showed that two of the plants were haploid (2n=3x=21) and one was diploid (2n=6x=42). The cell suspension cultures were established from pollen friable calluses in liquid medium. The suspension cells were cytologically stable during one year subcultures. Most of the ceils examined were haploid.     

抗褐变剂对雷公藤愈伤组织生长和次生代谢产物含量的影响

以雷公藤（Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.）根愈伤组织为材料,以NT为基本培养基,添加不同浓度硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、硝酸银、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及活性炭,探讨抗褐变剂对雷公藤愈伤组织生长、抗褐化和雷公藤内酯醇及总生物碱含量的影响。结果表明：除较低浓度柠檬酸以外,其他抗褐变剂均不同程度抑制雷公藤愈伤组织的生长。培养基中添加不同浓度硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及活性炭,雷公藤愈伤组织褐化程度不但没有得到控制,反而使褐化加重。但所有处理中,愈伤组织中内酯醇含量明显升高,其中加入50mg/L柠檬酸处理的内酯醇含量为对照的2.4倍。培养基中加入10～50mg/L硝酸银不仅能抑制雷公藤愈伤组织褐变,内酯醇的含量也随着硝酸银浓度的增加而增加。供试抗褐变剂中除较低浓度硫代硫酸钠以外,其他处理对雷公藤总生物碱的合成起抑制作用。     

培养基成分对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响

以Bs＋0．5mg／L NAA＋0．5mg／L BA为基本培养基,研究了B5培养基中8种主要无机盐浓度对杜仲愈伤组织生长及绿原酸和总黄酮两种次生代谢产物含量的影响。结果表明：在1000～5000mg／L范围内增加培养基中KNO3的含量有利于愈伤组织生长,B5培养基中当KNO3的浓度达到2／3时,绿原酸和总黄酮含量及产量最高;(NH4)2SO4以4／3原浓度时对愈伤组织生长量、总黄酮含量及产量最高,对绿原酸的含量则是其为原浓度的1／3时最高;MgSO4以2／3浓度对生长量及1／3浓度对绿原酸、总黄酮积累最高;NaH2PO4、CaCl2和MnSO4以原浓度的愈伤组织生长和次生代谢产物合成最好;ZnSO4和FeSO4的原浓度愈伤组织的生长量最大,而1／3浓度的绿原酸和总黄酮含量最高。     

植物细胞培养生产次生代谢物的途径

利用植物细胞培养生产次生代谢产物是一种快速、高效获取天然产物的重要方法。本文从培养方法、培养技术、生物转化及基因工程应用三个方面,综述了近年来国内外应用于植物细胞培养生产次生代谢产物的途径及研究进展,论述了次生代谢产物的主要类型及合成途径,列举了应用实例和次生代谢物种类以及相应的培养条件,以期对快速选择提高目的次生代谢物的培养条件起到了一定指导作用。     

Hairy Root Culture for Mass-Production of High-Value Secondary Metabolites

ABSTRACT

Plant cell cultivations are being considered as an alternative to agricultural processes for producing valuable phytochemicals. Since many of these products (secondary metabolites) are obtained by direct extraction from plants grown in natural habitat, several factors can alter their yield. The use of plant cell cultures has overcome several inconveniences for the production of these secondary metabolites. Organized cultures, and especially root cultures, can make a significant contribution in the production of secondary metabolites. Most of the research efforts that use differentiated cultures instead of cell suspension cultures have focused on transformed (hairy) roots. Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes hairy root disease in plants. The neoplastic (cancerous) roots produced by A. rhizogenes infection are characterized by high growth rate, genetic stability and growth in hormone free media. These genetically transformed root cultures can produce levels of secondary metabolites comparable to that of intact plants. Hairy root cultures offer promise for high production and productivity of valuable secondary metabolites (used as pharmaceuticals, pigments and flavors) in many plants. The main constraint for commercial exploitation of hairy root cultivations is the development and scaling up of appropriate reactor vessels (bioreactors) that permit the growth of interconnected tissues normally unevenly distributed throughout the vessel. Emphasis has focused on designing appropriate bioreactors suitable to culture the delicate and sensitive plant hairy roots. Recent reactors used for mass production of hairy roots can roughly be divided as liquid-phase, gas-phase, or hybrid reactors. The present review highlights the nature, applications, perspectives and scale up of hairy root cultures for the production of valuable secondary metabolites.     

磷对霍山石斛类原球茎悬浮培养细胞生长和多糖合成的影响

在确定了最适接种量和外植体细胞生理时间的基础上,研究了在不同起始磷浓度下,霍山石斛类原球茎生长、碳、氮消耗和多糖积累的动力学特性。以生长30d的类原球茎为材料,在接种量为100g/L时,类原球茎生长的最佳起始磷浓度为2.5mmol/L,培养36d时,类原球茎鲜重达496.5g/L。动力学分析表明,磷是霍山石斛类原球茎生长的限制性因素,胞内磷的积累水平与细胞生长具有相关性,2.5mmol/L的磷酸盐有利于碳、氮等营养物质的吸收;而多糖积累的最佳起始磷浓度为0.312mmol/L,培养36d时,其产量为2.22g/L。     

Cell Growth and Flavonoids Production in Suspension Culture of Saussurea medusa

Cell suspension cultures were established from Saussurea medusa Maxim. callus cultures. The effects of different rotation speeds of the gyratory shaker, different inoeulum sizes and different pH values of the medium on cell growth and flavonoid formation were studied. The result showed that the optimum rotation speed, inoeulum size and initial pH value of the medium were 90–120 r/min,50– 80 g FW/L and 5.5–6.0 respectively for cell growth and flavonoids formation in the suspension cultures. Sucrose was better than glucose and fructose for the suspension cultures. The optimum concentration of sucrose for cell growth and flavonoid production was 40 g/L, and the concentration of flavonoids could be as high as 1 423.25 mg/L. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cell suspension culture extracts showed that the concentrations of jaceosidin and hispidulin in the flavonoids were 22.11% and 0. 15% respectively.     

Secondary metabolites produced by an endophytic fungus Cordyceps ninchukispora from the seeds of Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata

Four new amide derivatives, designated as cordycepiamides A–D (1–4), together with 14 known compounds (5–18), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the 95% EtOH extract of long-grain rice fermented with the endophytic fungus C. ninchukispora BCRC 31900, derived from the seeds of medicinal plant Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, particularly 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as HRESIMS. All known isolates except 11, were isolated for the first time from this species. The antiinflammatory activities of selected isolated 10 compounds (1, 2, 4–6, 9–12, and 14) were evaluated as inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell lines. Compound 3→4 was shown to have modest anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.