转基因水稻华恢1号检测用质粒标准分子研制

质粒标准分子作为阳性标准品已广泛用于转基因作物及产品的核酸定量检测。但是目前多数质粒标准分子只用于研究,未能成为国家级标准物质。因此,按照国家一级标准物质技术规范,研制了用于检测转基因水稻华恢1号的质粒标准分子,内容包括质粒分子的构建、纯度分析、特异性检测、可替代性研究、均匀性检验、稳定性考察、定值与不确定度评估。结果表明,该质粒分子标准物质半年内稳定,可替代基因组作为华恢1号定量的阳性标准。     

转基因定量检测用质粒分子标准物质研究进展

近10年来,应用于转基因植物产品定量检测的质粒分子标准物质凭借其易于富集,快捷高效等优点,成为各国检测机构的研究热点。对国内外转基因植物核酸定量检测用的质粒分子标准物质研究进展进行总结和评述,并且对该类标准物质在研制过程中的问题进行分析,同时展望了该类标准物质的发展与应用。     

适于转基因水稻RJ5检测的质粒DNA标准物质的研制

标准物质对于实时荧光定量PCR进行转基因作物及其产品的定量分析尤为重要,但我国转基因生物的标准物质研制还处于初级阶段,因此研制新型的标准物质对解决转基因标准物质匮乏有着重要的意义。本研究针对转基因水稻RJ5构建了质粒标准分子pRJ5,并对其进行定量适应性鉴定、均匀性测试、稳定性考察,并利用数字PCR方法测定其量值。结果表明,以质粒分子pRJ5为标准物质构建的标准曲线具有良好的反应效率和线性相关性及良好的重复性和重演性。在定量PCR体系检测极限(LOD)低至5 copies/μL,定量极限(LOQ)约为10 copies/μL。均匀性测试的数据表明,质粒标准分子在管间和管内无明显差异,具有良好的均匀性。稳定性测试的结果表明,该质粒标准分子至少可以稳定地保存半年以上。数字PCR(3D-d PCR)的量值测定准确度良好。实际样品的定量分析偏差范围在1.31%至2.44%,相对标准偏差值在0.98%至10.05%。以上结果说明了质粒标准分子pRJ5适合作为标准物质对转基因水稻RJ5进行定量检测。     

转基因定量检测的不确定度研究

目前,欧盟、日本对转基因产品都实行基于转基因含量(阈值)强制标识制度。世界各国都采用实时荧光PCR方法来开展食品成分的相对定量检测工作,以样品的内、外源基因的拷贝数之比来近似代表样品中的转基因质量分数。为了便于用户正确理解检验结果,在转基因定量检测结果报告中必须报结果的不确定度,分析了转基因定量的不确定度来源,参照化学分析中的有关方法,给出了转基因定量检测中外源基因和内源基因的标准曲线的不确定度测算公式,并以转基因大豆为试材,利用方法的室内验证数据进行不确定度计算,可供相关实验室参考。     

人D6S1043-1型STR质粒DNA标准物质的研制

短串联重复序列（short tandem repeat，STR）是存在于人类基因组中的一类具有长度多态性的DNA序列，由含2~6个碱基对的重复单位串联构成。DNA STR分型检验是当前法庭科学进行个体识别和亲缘鉴定的主要依据。STR分型标准物质是DNA STR检验量值溯源的基础和关键物质，对其进行研究将极大推动我国法庭科学DNA STR检验的标准化进程。以STR基因座D6S1043为例，介绍人类基因组中STR序列的质粒DNA标准物质的制备过程。首先，合成包含13个重复单元（\[ATCT\]13）的D6S1043序列（定义为D6S1043-1）并将其与pUC57载体连接构建重组质粒，制备质粒溶液。其次，通过酶切鉴定、Sanger测序、多种STR分型试剂盒的分型鉴定等方法检验DNA序列的准确性。再次，采用微滴式数字PCR方法（droplet digital PCR，ddPCR）检测质粒浓度，评估质粒溶液的均匀性和稳定性。最后，由8家实验室协作，测定浓度标准值，综合分析均匀性检验、稳定性检验、定值过程等引入的不确定度，得到总不确定度；由6家实验室协作，测定D6S1043-1的分型值。结果表明：该标准物质的均匀性、稳定性良好，在-20 ℃可保存6个月，在4 ℃可保存14 d；核酸拷贝数为（7.7±1.2）×103 copies·μL-1；在D6S1043基因座上的分型值为13。人D6S1043-1型STR质粒DNA标准物质 \[编号：GBW（E）091072\] 是我国法庭科学DNA检验领域首批有证标准物质之一，其研制过程为其他STR基因座的质粒DNA标准物质的研制提供了一定的借鉴。     

转基因水稻检测用阳性质粒分子的构建及应用

通过分析转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)中调控元件和功能基因的种类及应用频率,结合水稻基因工程研究中标记基因的使用情况,确定将CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子,标记基因Bar、HPT和NPTⅡ基因作为转基因水稻的筛查检测靶标。通过重叠延伸PCR技术,将水稻内标基因SPS、筛选靶标(CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子、Bar基因、HPT基因和NPTⅡ基因)、事件特异性检测靶标(TT51-1、KF-6和KMD1)聚合克隆到质粒载体上,构建质粒分子pBS Rice。应用结果表明,阳性质粒分子pBS Rice既适用于转基因水稻的筛查检测,也适用于抗虫水稻TT51-1、KF-6和KMD1的事件特异性检测。研究结果为转基因水稻安全监管提供了一种不依赖于转基因水稻原材料供应的阳性对照,其对目前国内外批准的转基因水稻检出率达100%,满足了监管过程中转基因水稻的检测需要。     

含四个串联核酶和GFP基因的转基因质粒的构建

以含绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的质粒pSK100-DS、含切割对虾杆状病毒基因的核酶Rz1的质粒pRGRz1、含核酶Rz2的质粒pRGRz2和转基因空质粒pcDNA3为基础,把绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因克隆于pcDNA3的SV40启动了下面,由SV40启动子控制含四个两种核酸基因的四联体克隆于pcDNA3的多克隆位点区,由T7启动子控制,构建成含两个Rz1、两个Rz2和GFP基因的转基因质粒pGTR,以用于转基因抗病毒对虾的研究.     

含四个串联核酶和GFP基因的转基因质粒的构建

以含绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的质粒pSK100-DS、含切割对虾杆状病毒基因的核酶Rz1的质粒pRGRzl、含核酶Rz2的质粒pRGRz2和转基因空质粒pcDNA3为基础,把绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因克隆于pcDNA3的SV40启动了下面,由SV40启动子控制,含四个两种核酸基因的四联体克隆于pcDNA3的多克隆位点区,由T7启动子控制,构建成含两个Rz1、两个Rz2和GFP基因的转基因质粒pGTR,以用于转基因抗病毒对虾的研究。     

转基因产品检测标准物质量值一致性研究进展

转基因产品检测标准物质是转基因生物安全管理的物质基础,是检测结果可比性、有效性和溯源性的保障。当前国际上转基因产品检测标准物质研发机构主要有欧盟联合研究中心、美国油脂化学家学会等。我国近年也研发了一系列转基因成分检测标准物质。对各机构研发的标准物质种类、数量、量值表述方式以及量值转换进行汇总、统计、分析,挖掘异同点,并在国内外交流合作、新型标准物质研发以及标准物质应用方面提出合理化建议,以期为我国转基因产品检测标准物质研发和应用提供支撑。     

转基因抗虫作物鉴定质粒标准分子的构建与应用

苏云金芽胞杆菌基因是转基因抗虫作物中通用的外源功能基因,在绝大多数抗虫转基因作物中均有存在,然而Bt基因检测标准样品的缺乏却限制了我国转Bt基因抗虫作物检测工作的发展。为了弥补传统基体标准样品的缺失,首先将Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry3A 3种常用Bt外源基因克隆到pUC57质粒上,通过测序、酶切和qPCR等技术对质粒的序列和扩增功能进行了验证,然后对扩增效率和实际应用情况加以测试,评价其转基因检测的适用性,构建了质粒标准分子。结果显示,制备的质粒标准分子测序结果与靶标序列完全符合,酶切结果、qPCR扩增结果和扩增效率等均符合预期,在Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry3A基因特异性检测中的应用符合阳性对照要求,表明制备的阳性质粒标准分子能够作为转Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry3A基因qPCR基因特异性检测的阳性标准样品。     

Multiplex event-specific qualitative polymerase chain reaction for detecting three transgenic rice lines and application of a standard plasmid as a quantitative reference molecule

The three most well-known genetically modified (GM) rice lines in China are TT51-1, KMD1, and KF6. The purposes of this study were to establish a multiplex event-specific qualitative polymerase chain reaction (meqPCR) system for simultaneous detection of the three transgenic rice events and to construct a plasmid as the reference molecule for quantitative analysis. Event-specific primers for each event were selected or designed by focusing on the transgene borders between the inserted DNA and the flanking rice DNA. The developed meqPCR was anticipated to detect distinct amplicons as 454, 398, 301, and 250 bp from KF6, KMD1, TT51-1, and the rice endogenous reference gene, respectively. The robustness of the meqPCR was tested with different levels of the three transgenic rice genomic DNAs, and the sensitivity threshold of the meqPCR was at least 50 ng of 0.1% rice DNA for each event when the three transgenic rice events present and with other GM materials together. The constructed plasmid was evaluated using mixed samples with known GM contents in real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the constructed plasmid was acceptable and suitable for GM rice quantitative analysis.     

Qualitative and Quantitative PCR Methods for Event-specific Detection of Genetically Modified Cotton Mon1445 and Mon531

Based on the DNA sequences of the junctions between recombinant and cotton genomic DNA of the two genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties, herbicide-tolerance Mon1445 and insect-resistant Mon531, event-specific primers and probes for qualitative and quantitative PCR detection for both GM cotton varieties were designed, and corresponding detection methods were developed. In qualitative PCR detection, the simplex and multiplex PCR detection systems were established and employed to identify Mon1445 and Mon531 from other GM cottons and crops. The limits of detection (LODs) of the simplex PCR were 0.05% for both Mon1445 and Mon531 using 100 ng DNA templates in one reaction, and the LOD of multiplex PCR analysis was 0.1%. For further quantitative detection using TaqMan real-time PCR systems for Mon1445 and Mon531, one plasmid pMD-ECS, used as reference molecule was constructed, which contained the quantitative amplified fragments of Mon1445, Mon531, and cotton endogenous reference gene. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of Mon1445 and Mon531 event-specific PCR systems using plasmid pMD-ECS as reference molecule were 10 copies, and the quantification range was from 0.03 to 100% in 100 ng of the DNA template for one reaction. Thereafter, five mixed cotton samples containing 0, 0.5, 0.9, 3 and 5% Mon1445 or Mon531 were quantified using established real-time PCR systems to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the developed real-time PCR detection systems. The accuracy expressed as bias varied from 1.33 to 8.89% for tested Mon1445 cotton samples, and from 2.67 to 6.80% for Mon531. The precision expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD) were different from 1.13 to 30.00% for Mon1445 cotton, and from 1.27 to 24.68% for Mon531. The range of RSD was similar to other laboratory results (25%). Concluded from above results, we believed that the established event-specific qualitative and quantitative PCR systems for Mon1445 and Mon531 in this study are acceptable and suitable for GM cotton identification and quantification.     

HSV-tk基因逆转录病毒重组体的构建与DNA序列分析

目的　构建含有单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型胸苷激酶 (HSV1 tk)基因的逆转录病毒重组载体pLXSN TK。方法设计一对寡核苷酸引物 ,用PCR方法从质粒pHSV10 6中特异扩增HSV tk基因片段 ( 1168bp) ,分别用BamHI和Eco RI酶切后 ,定向连接到质粒pLXSN中 ,转化宿主菌TG1,分别用上述内切酶 ,PCR和DNA测序鉴定重组质粒。结果　酶切鉴定所切下的片段和PCR扩增的片段大小均与预计相符 ,测序结果与文献报道序列及预计结果一致 ,证实符合表达框架。结论　成功构建了HSV tk嵌合重组质粒pLXSN TK。     

Construction of a DNA library from chromosome 4 of rice （Oryza sativa） by microdissection

A simple method to create a chromosome-specific DNA librqary of rice,including microdissection,amplification,charterization and cloning,is described.Rice chromosome 4 from a metaphase cell has been isolated and amplified by the Linker Adapter PCR (LA-PCR).The PCR products were labeled as probes with DIG-11-dUTP using the random priming method.Southern blot analysis with rice genomic DNA and specific RFLP markers demonstrated that the PCR products were derived from rice chromosome 4.A large library comprising over 100,000 recombinant plasmid microclones from rice chromosome 4 was constructed.Colony hybridization showed that 58% of the clones contained single or low-copy sequences and 42% contained repetitive sequences.The size of inserts generated by PCR ranged from 140bp to 500bp.This method will facilitate cloning of the specific chromosome DNA markers and important genes of rice.     

Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of monodon baculovirus (MBV) in penaeid shrimp

A real-time PCR method was developed to detect monodon baculovirus (MBV) in penaeid shrimp. A pair of MBV primers to amplify a 135 bp DNA fragment and a TaqMan probe were developed. The primers and TaqMan probe were specific for MBV and did not cross react with Hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic virus (IHHNV) and specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp DNA. A plasmid (pMBV) containing the target MBV sequence was constructed and used for determination of the sensitivity of the real-time PCR. This real-time PCR assay had a detection limit of one plasmid MBV DNA copy. Most significantly, this real-time PCR method can detect MBV positive samples from different geographic locations in the University of Arizona collection, including Thailand and Indonesia collected over a 13-year period.     

用富集文库克隆人胰岛素基因组基因

通过构建可富集人胰岛素基因的λ噬菌体文库,克隆了人胰岛素基因组基因．首先从中国人血液白细胞中提取到人基因组ＤＮＡ,用ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＢｇｌⅡ对基因组ＤＮＡ进行全酶切,经０．４％琼脂糖凝胶电泳,特异回收９．５ｋｂ左右的ＤＮＡ片段．将该片段与λＥＭＢＬ３／ＢａｍＨⅠ臂连接,构建成一个特殊的人基因组λ噬菌体文库（富集文库）,效价为２×１０４．同时采用ＰＣＲ方法及用引物Ⅰ：５′ＧＧＡＣＡＧＧＣＴＡＣＡＴＣＡＧＧＡＡＧＡＧＧ３′,引物Ⅱ：５′ＣＴＧＣＧＴＣＴＡＡＴＴＧＣＡＧＴＡＧＴＴＣ３′,从人基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出一段含胰岛素基因的１．３６ｋｂＤＮＡ片段,做为放射性标记探针,对文库进行了噬菌斑原位杂交筛选,从１×１０４个噬菌斑中筛选到一个含人胰岛素基因组基因的阳性克隆,并进一步完成了亚克隆和该基因１７３２ｂｐＤＮＡ序列的测定．结果该基因的１７３２ｂｐＤＮＡ序列包括部分５′端和３′端与国外发表的人胰岛素α型等位基因的序列相同     

The cleavage of DNA at phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages by DNA gyrase.

We have constructed a plasmid which contains 22 copies of a 147 bp DNA fragment which contains the major DNA gyrase cleavage site from plasmid pBR322 (located at base-pair 990). We have found that this fragment is efficiently bound and cleaved by gyrase. The selectivity for the sequence corresponding to position 990 in pBR322 is maintained even when this site is located only 15 bp from one end of the 147 bp fragment. A strategy for the specific incorporation of a single thiophosphoryl linkage into the 147 bp fragment has been developed, and gyrase has been shown to catalyse efficient cleavage of fragments bearing phosphorothioate linkages at the gyrase cleavage site in one or both strands.     

Preferential uptake of restriction fragments from a gonococcal cryptic plasmid by competent Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Factors involved in the specificity of DNA uptake by competent Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined. Host-controlled modification did not affect uptake. Certain restriction fragments of the 4.2 kb gonococcal cryptic plasmid pFA1 and of the replicative form of the bacteriophage M13 were taken up in preference to others, independent of differences in fragment size. A 600 bp fragment from the 4.2 kb plasmid was cloned into pLES2, a gonococcal-Escherichia coli shuttle vector; the 600 bp fragment was taken up into a DNAase-I-resistant state in preference to the vector fragment. A second 370 bp fragment in pFA1 was also taken up preferentially. The 600 bp and 370 bp fragments share a 10 bp sequence, which is found in pFA1 only on fragments that were taken up readily. However, a fragment from M13 which was efficiently taken up did not contain this 10 bp sequence. In addition, this sequence was not sufficient to direct preferential DNA uptake by gonococci, since a recombinant plasmid containing this 10 bp sequence was not taken up appreciably better than the vector plasmid or another recombinant plasmid containing an unrelated 10 bp sequence. Sequence comparisons of the three restriction fragments which were preferentially taken up did not yield any consensus sequences greater than 7 bp. Although it is likely that efficient uptake of DNA by gonococci is determined by DNA structure, a single short sequence could not be found that accounted for specific uptake.     

A partial sequence of lipoxygenase gene from genomic DNA of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Aromatic (Bas-370, PB-1) and non-aromatic (Pusa-677, Pusa-834) rice were selected for the characterization and for distribution of lipoxygenase (Lox) genes. Polymorphism was observed when genomic DNA of rice varieties was hybridized with a heterologous lipoxygenase probe. A distinct polymorphic fragment (approximately 1.2 kb) was found in Bas-370. Sub-genomic library of Bas-370 was constructed and screened with LoxA probe. The smallest putative clone (pBas-14) of approximately 1.2 kb was sequenced. Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence showed the clone was 1134 bp long and comprised of 378 amino acid residues. PCR amplification of genomic DNA from four rice varieties with a soybean Lox primer also showed a polymorphic fragment of size approximately 600 bp (amplicon) in aromatic varieties that was sequenced directly. Nucleotide sequence alignment between pBas-14 and amplicon concluded that the amplicon was a part of the insert pBas-14.