中欧生命科学领域国际合作的途径与步骤

欧盟框架计划是欧盟科技发展的行动纲领,所设置的项目具有世界一流水平。从1983年开始实施科技框架计划以来,共制定实施了6个框架计划。目前正在实施的是第六框架计划(2002～2006),是第一个对中国全面开放的框架计划。第六框架计划七个优先主题领域中的第一个优先主题领域即“与健康相关的生命科学、基因组学和生物技术”。中方科研机构参加第六框架国际科技合作可采取“物色项目负责人、准备项目申请、通知科技部”三步走的快捷方案 。     

欧盟海洋生物技术研究热点

海洋生物技术范围很广,随着人类对海洋环境特殊性和海洋生物多样性特征的认识不断深入,相关国家纷纷把海洋生物技术作为研究的重点,竞相投入人力物力,并积极参与国际合作。欧盟是科技发达国家和比较发达国家的联合体,其科技实力在全球占有显著地位。简要分类评述了1997—2006年的10年间,欧盟第五和第六框架计划在海水养殖、活性物质开发、海洋生物传感器和反应器、海洋污染物的生物修复等领域资助研究的近百个海洋生物技术相关项目,为我国的相关研究提供参考。     

中国-欧盟生物技术合作

中国－欧盟生物技术合作赵爱民范玲胡忆虹（中国生物工程开发中心对外合作处）国际科技合作历来是我国外交工作的重要方面,是服务于我国经济建设、社会发展和科技事业的重要方式。目前,中国已经和世界上九十多个国家签定了政府间科技合作协定。中国－欧盟科技合作是中国...     

在幸福国度感受“第三极”

<正>第三极环境(TPE)是由中国科学家主导的国际科技合作计划,致力于揭示青藏高原地区的环境变化过程与机制,提高人类应对该地区环境变化的适应能力。众多中国科研人员参与了这项计划,在尼泊尔这个幸福指数极高的国家,他们的科研和考察也被各种新鲜感和幸福感溢满。穿越卡利甘达基河谷为了鼓励青年学生关注并参与第三极环境研究,TPE计划每年组     

中国与“一带一路”参与国家抗击新冠肺炎疫情的国际科技合作现状与展望

2019年底暴发并席卷全球的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情已经成为需要世界各国共同努力克服的全球重大卫生安全挑战。当前,中国已基本控制国内新冠肺炎疫情,并在疫情相关科学研究及公共卫生产品研发方面取得重大进展,同时加强了与“一带一路”参与国家开展国际科技合作。对中国与“一带一路”参与国家抗击新冠肺炎疫情的基础研究合作、国际科技合作项目等方面进行梳理,可以看到:中国与“一带一路”参与国家形成了领域交叉、节点多样的复杂合作网络,并主要与东南亚、中东欧和西亚各国合作密切;中国与“一带一路”参与国家的科研机构已在防控、流行病学和治疗等领域展开了大量实质研究,合作关系更偏向援助型合作。未来应加强与“一带一路”参与国家的生物技术产业合作与技术转移,发挥“一带一路”区域支点国家的示范效应等方面构建与“一带一路”参与国家更丰富、紧密、务实的科技合作关系。     

在幸福国度感受

第三极环境（TPE）是由中国科学家主导的国际科技合作计划,致力于揭示青藏高原地区的环境变化过程与机制,提高人类应对该地区环境变化的适应能力。众多中国科研人员参与了这项计划,在尼泊尔这个幸福指数极高的国家,他们的科研和考察也被各种新鲜感和幸福感溢满。     

《分子制药学》：抗HIV药物研发取得进展

欧盟第七研发框架计划（FPT）资助的-项由8个欧盟国家、瑞士和2个非洲国家27个研究机构组成的大型研究项目--”欧盟抗病毒项目”取得重大进展。项目成功研制出一种廉价的、能够抗HIV病毒的新型抗病毒物质（microbicide）,有望成为攻克艾滋病这一世界顽疾的有效武器。研究结果已在分子药物科学杂志（Molecular Pharmaceutics）上发表。     

欧盟第七框架计划及其在生命科学方面的资助情况简介

1总论 针对研究和技术发展的欧盟最大资助计划——欧盟第七框架计划（FP7）于2007年1月1日正式启动。该计划的全部预算约为505．21亿欧元（约660亿美元）,为期7年,到2013年结束。除此之外,还有27亿欧元被指定用于欧洲原子能共同体（Euratom）计划的核能研究,为期5年。从财政上看,该计划相对于上一个框架计划是一个很大的进步。实际上,每年的基金支持增长了近40％。     

研发动态

水稻产量相关功能基因研究取得重大进展,中科院上海药物所成立“常州研发中心”,华人学者研发出功能基因检测芯片,欧盟第七框架计划正式启动。支持生物技术研究与开发     

北美水禽管理计划(NAWMP)及其对中国湿地生态环境建设的启示

保护水禽栖息的湿地已成为全球湿地生态系统研究的热点。本文阐述了北美水禽管理计划(NAWMP)的形成条件、遵循原则和设计理念,总结其该计划在共同管理、联合攻坚、资金积累等方面所取得的成功经验,并以PPJV草原沼泽保护合作项目为例分析了其在国际合作方面取得的突出成就;分析了中国水禽栖息地的湿地生态系统所面临的问题与挑战,提出应借鉴北美水禽管理计划的设计理念和成功经验,在湿地保护区共管、当地政府和当地社区参与及国际合作等方面需不断完善,并对中国湿地监测体系的建立、湿地开发方案的制定、对群众的宣传教育等方面提出了相应对策。     

DNA 测序技术领域的相关政府投入分析

DNA测序技术是遗传工程的核心技术之一,发展快速和低成本的基因测序技术成为研究焦点。美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区大力支持DNA测序技术的创新研究,并投入了大量的科研经费。在美国,国家卫生研究院(NIH)下属的国家人类基因组研究院(NHGRI)、美国能源部(DOE)以及美国科学基金委(NSF)等机构是进行DNA测序技术相关项目经费分配的主要政府部门。DNA测序作为生命科学研究的关键技术也是欧盟框架计划资助的重要内容之一,其以多个欧洲国家间合作以及产学研合作的形式开展。中国在DNA测序技术领域也开展了一些研究。     

Profiles,motivations and expectations of participants to EC funded research in Health (2002–2010): A statistical analysis

The Health Directorate of the European Commission's Directorate General for Research and Innovation launched a consultation through a questionnaire of all participants involved in health research projects from 2002 to 2010. The EU funding over this period, for projects involving collaboration between research teams, reached around €4.9 billion and involved 12,460 teams in 114 different countries. This survey was performed to contribute to the preparation the next Framework Programme for research and innovation called “Horizon 2020” (2014–2020). A statistical analysis of the questionnaire replies has been carried out. This paper provides a short summary of the most salient features and results of this survey. The survey reveals a significant scientific and socio-economic impact of EU funding in the area of health research and a positive long-term impact of this funding on health research capacities in Europe.     

European research infrastructures for the development of nanobiotechnologies

Research infrastructures are essential for top-level academic and industrial research activities. Throughout the successive framework programmes (FPs) of the EU, actions have been gradually developed to support researchers in accessing top-level European research infrastructures located outside their own country and also to better coordinate and integrate these infrastructures Europe-wide, enabling better research services. At the same time, research infrastructures pave the way for the development of scientific and technological advances. Under the sixth Framework Programme (FP6; 2002-2006), for example, nanobiotechnologies have benefited from these European actions through three approaches: the support of multi-disciplinary pan-European infrastructures; the support of pan-European infrastructures dedicated to biology but with usage in multiple domains of biology; and the funding of integrated centers for nanobiotechnologies. The seventh Framework Programme (FP7; 2007-2013) will reinforce these actions toward research infrastructures, with particular attention to the emergence of new ones as well as to the provision of important strategic research services in fields such as nanobiotechnologies.     

ecopa: a powerful concept in the way forward for alternative methods

ecopa, the European Consensus-Platform on Alternatives, is an international not-for-profit organisation, based in Belgium and complying with Belgium Law. It is the only quadripartite organisation that promotes the Three Rs at the European level. Ecopa brings together national consensus platforms on alternative methods. Consensus means that all parties concerned are represented, including animal welfare, industry, academia and government. Ecopa currently includes the National Platforms of 14 EU Member State (or future Member State; eight full members, namely, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the UK, and six associate members, being the Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Norway, Poland and Sweden). Ecopa also has three working groups, concerned with: a) the 6th Framework Programme of the EC for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities; b) the EC White Paper Strategy for a Future EU Chemicals Policy; and c) the formation of educational programmes on alternative methods within the EU. Ecopa is thus uniquely placed and has huge expertise to offer to the debate around political topics, including the White Paper, the 6th Framework Programme, and the 7th Amendment of the EU Cosmetics Directive. Ecopa should be considered a key stakeholder by the European Commission and Parliament, and it is essential that the views of ecopa are fully incorporated into future legislation. Recently, the ecopa working groups made a strong common statement on the Chemicals Policy White Paper and made a number of recommendations to the Commission based on scientific, practical and realistic grounds. These are to be found on the ecopa Web site (http://www.ecopa.tsx.org/).     

The WISER way of organising ecological data from European rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters

The implementation of the Water Framework Directive has required intense research in applied aquatic ecology in Europe, and thus created challenges for data management in international research projects. In the project Waterbodies in Europe: Integrative Systems to assess Ecological status and Recovery (WISER), biological and environmental data from rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters in 26 European countries were collated. More than one million records of biological observations were stored in the project’s central database, representing phytoplankton, macrophytes, macroalgae, angiosperms, phytobenthos, invertebrates and fish. The central database includes new data from the WISER field campaign in lakes and transitional/coastal waters during 2009–2010 (more than 6,000 biological samples from 58 waterbodies in 14 countries). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the data collated within WISER, in order to facilitate future re-use of these data by other scientists. More specifically, the objectives are to (1) describe the data management in WISER, (2) describe the structure and content of the WISER central database and (3) share experiences and give recommendations for data management in large ecological research projects.     

European Union research and innovation perspectives on biotechnology

“Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and Biotechnology” is one of 10 thematic areas in the Cooperation programme of the European Union's 7th Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FP7). With a budget of nearly €2 billion for the period 2007–2013, its objective is to foster the development of a European Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) by bringing together science, industry and other stakeholders that produce, manage or otherwise exploit biological resources. Biotechnology plays an important role in addressing social, environmental and economic challenges and it is recognised as a key enabling technology in the transition to a green, low carbon and resource-efficient economy. Biotechnologies for non-health applications have received a considerable attention in FP7 and to date 61 projects on industrial, marine, plant, environmental and emerging biotechnologies have been supported with a contribution of €262.8 million from the European Commission (EC). This article presents an outlook of the research, technological development and demonstration activities in biotechnology currently supported in FP7 within the Cooperation programme, including a brief overview of the policy context.     

The European strategy on endocrine disrupters: progress to date and EU/US cooperation

The European Commission has been active in the field of endocrine disrupters since 1995. Its first actions were to fund research projects through the Fourth Framework Programme for Research and Development covering various aspects of the issue (identification of endocrine disrupters, environmental and human health impacts). This involvement in research has continued through the Fifth Framework Programme and increased to this day. The publication of a specific call for proposals on endocrine disrupters on May 31, 2001 bears witness to these efforts. In parallel, the policy profile of the issue quickly rose and led to the adoption of the Community Strategy on Endocrine Disrupters (COM (1999)706 final) in 1999. This strategy identifies actions short, medium and long term and is supported by the European Parliament and the European Council. Its short-term actions focus on the establishment of a list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disruption and on the use of existing legislation to control the risk; the medium-term actions focus on the identification and assessment of endocrine disrupters as well as on further research to better understand the ED phenomenon, and the long-term actions focus on legislative actions to protect human health and the environment. These European developments have gone hand in hand with international cooperation with the USA on research (in the frame of the EC/US S&T cooperation agreement), with the WHO on health issues and with the OECD on screening and testing issues.     

Comparative development of knowledge-based bioeconomy in the European Union and Turkey

Abstract

Biotechnology, defined as the technological application that uses biological systems and living organisms, or their derivatives, to create or modify diverse products or processes, is widely used for healthcare, agricultural and environmental applications. The continuity in industrial applications of biotechnology enables the rise and development of the bioeconomy concept. Bioeconomy, including all applications of biotechnology, is defined as translation of knowledge received from life sciences into new, sustainable, environment friendly and competitive products. With the advanced research and eco-efficient processes in the scope of bioeconomy, more healthy and sustainable life is promised. Knowledge-based bioeconomy with its economic, social and environmental potential has already been brought to the research agendas of European Union (EU) countries. The aim of this study is to summarize the development of knowledge-based bioeconomy in EU countries and to evaluate Turkey’s current situation compared to them. EU-funded biotechnology research projects under FP6 and FP7 and nationally-funded biotechnology projects under The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Academic Research Funding Program Directorate (ARDEB) and Technology and Innovation Funding Programs Directorate (TEYDEB) were examined. In the context of this study, the main research areas and subfields which have been funded, the budget spent and the number of projects funded since 2003 both nationally and EU-wide and the gaps and overlapping topics were analyzed. In consideration of the results, detailed suggestions for Turkey have been proposed. The research results are expected to be used as a roadmap for coordinating the stakeholders of bioeconomy and integrating Turkish Research Areas into European Research Areas.     

European Union research and innovation perspectives on biotechnology

"Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and Biotechnology" is one of 10 thematic areas in the Cooperation programme of the European Union's 7th Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FP7). With a budget of nearly €2 billion for the period 2007-2013, its objective is to foster the development of a European Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) by bringing together science, industry and other stakeholders that produce, manage or otherwise exploit biological resources. Biotechnology plays an important role in addressing social, environmental and economic challenges and it is recognised as a key enabling technology in the transition to a green, low carbon and resource-efficient economy. Biotechnologies for non-health applications have received a considerable attention in FP7 and to date 61 projects on industrial, marine, plant, environmental and emerging biotechnologies have been supported with a contribution of €262.8 million from the European Commission (EC). This article presents an outlook of the research, technological development and demonstration activities in biotechnology currently supported in FP7 within the Cooperation programme, including a brief overview of the policy context.