昆虫化学感受蛋白

化学感受蛋白(chemosensory proteins,CSPs)是广泛存在于各种昆虫的疏水性蛋白,被认为在昆虫嗅觉行为中执行了运载非挥发性气味分子到达相应受体的功能。文章从序列特征、二级和三维结构、结合配体、表达特征、生理功能和进化地位等方面进行较详细的介绍,并从理论和实践角度探讨CSPs的研究前景和重点。     

昆虫化学感受蛋白(CSPs)的功能研究概述

昆虫的嗅觉系统与其各项生命活动息息相关,化学感受蛋白(CSPs)是嗅觉系统中的重要组成部分,可以结合气味或信息素分子,并传递给嗅觉受体,完成嗅觉相关功能。随着分子生物学技术和测序手段的不断发展,越来越多的昆虫CSPs得到鉴定。CSPs在昆虫体内广泛分布于触角、跗节、下颚须等化学感受器官,同时也在表皮、腹部、体躯等非感受器官大量表达,具有感知化学分子的功能并且与昆虫生长、发育、繁殖等生理功能及昆虫对杀虫剂的抗性相关。本文通过从CSPs的发现和命名、分子特性、结构及分布等方面展开综述,着重介绍CSPs的气味分子识别作用机制、抗药性机制及功能分类,以期为今后利用CSPs作为靶标防治害虫提供参考。     

昆虫嗅觉结合蛋白研究进展

嗅觉结合蛋白是嗅觉系统的第一个参与者,主要表达在嗅觉外周系统淋巴液中,负责识别、结合和转运气味和信息素分子到达嗅觉受体.近些年,随着各种生物新技术的应用,大量昆虫嗅觉结合蛋白被鉴定出来,其各种不同功能得到揭示.本文对近年来嗅觉结合蛋白的分子特征、蛋白结构、功能和应用等方面的研究进展进行总结和综述.总的来说,嗅觉结合蛋白...     

共生微生物对昆虫化学感受的影响北大核心

共生微生物通过影响昆虫信息化合物的合成或感受来调控宿主的化学通讯,进而影响昆虫的交流、防御、捕食和扩散行为。这种调控作用有助于共生微生物的扩散,但对宿主可能是有利的,也可能是有害的,并为共生体系的协同进化提供动力。本文围绕近年来共生微生物对昆虫化学感受的影响及其机制展开综述,并分析其进化意义,旨在为昆虫化学生态学理论提供补充,并为开发新的害虫防治策略提供思路。     

昆虫嗅觉相关蛋白的研究进展

嗅觉是昆虫产生行为的重要物质基础,阐明昆虫嗅觉机理有助于调控昆虫行为和进行害虫治理。近年来,许多与嗅觉相关的生物活性分子和相关基因的发现和克隆,对揭示嗅觉机理具有重要作用。作者针对近年来研究较多的气味结合蛋白、化学感受蛋白、气味受体、气味降解酶以及感觉神经元膜蛋白等,就其生化特性、表达部位、分子结构、生理功能等进行了综述。     

昆虫嗅觉相关可溶性蛋白的研究进展

昆虫在长期进化过程中形成了一套高度敏感的嗅觉系统,通过该系统昆虫可以完成寻觅配偶、定位寄主及选择产卵位点等多种行为。在昆虫嗅觉系统中的可溶性蛋白主要有气味结合蛋白(odorant-binding protein, OBP)和化学感受蛋白(chemosensory protein, CSP)。OBP可以特异性结合并运输疏水性的气味分子相应的受体,是昆虫化学识别过程的第一步,具有十分重要的作用。CSP与OBP的结构和功能类似,主要参与化合物的识别和运输,尽管没有直接的证据表明CSP也参与了昆虫的化学感受过程,但已有研究发现,CSP在昆虫嗅觉系统中发挥着重要的作用。本文主要从分子特性、蛋白结构、表达模式、生理功能等方面分别对昆虫的OBP和CSP进行了概述,为深入的研究两者的功能提供理论参考,进而为以昆虫嗅觉系统为靶标的害虫防治提供新的思路。     

昆虫气味结合蛋白研究进展

20世纪 8 0年代后 ,人们开始探求昆虫对气味物质的感受机制。随着昆虫行为学、生物化学、分子生物学以及昆虫电生理技术的飞速发展 ,自 90年代开始 ,深入研究昆虫的嗅觉反应机理已有可能。研究表明 ,昆虫触角中的气味结合蛋白 (odorant-binding protein简称 ,OBP)在昆虫嗅觉反应过程中起重要作用[1] 。本文试从气味分子的化学结构及特征、OBP的化学特性、生理功能及研究展望等方面作一综述 ,以期推动该领域的研究与发展。1　气味分子的化学结构及特征明确气味分子的化学结构及特征 ,有助于确定气味结合蛋白的结构。目前研究以鳞翅目昆虫…     

昆虫体内储存蛋白的研究进展

储存蛋白是昆虫体内普遍存在的一种特异性血淋巴蛋白 ,通常在幼虫的脂肪体内合成 ,释放进入血淋巴中。化蛹时 ,又被脂肪体选择性吸收 ,作为氨基酸的贮存库对成虫变态发育和雌性卵发育起着重要的作用。该文介绍了昆虫体内储存蛋白的特性、功能、及调节机制。     

昆虫信息化学物质的应用进展

介绍昆虫性信息素(sex pheromone)、示踪信息素(trail pheromone)、聚集信息素(aggregation pheromone)、产卵(oviposition)和产卵忌避(oviposition deterring)信息化合物(semioche micals)和种间协同素(synomone)在害虫控制方面的最新应用进展,其中,重点介绍性信息素在害虫种群监测、大量诱捕和干扰交配3个方面的应用进展情况。与性信息素相比,人们对示踪信息素、聚集信息素、产卵和产卵忌避信息化合物和种间协同素的报道较少,但这些信息素也正在不断的被人们发现和利用。从一种昆虫信息素被鉴定出来,到其在生产当中很好应用,尚有很多问题需要解决,所以,文中对昆虫信息化学物质田间应用效果的影响因子进行分析。     

Developmental expression of odorant‐binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in the embryos of Locusta migratoria

We have investigated the development of chemosensilla and the secretion of odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the embryo of Locusta migratoria manilensis. We first report the changes of each sensillum in embryo just preceding hatch in detail and show that different sensilla have different developmental processes. Trichogen cells are first involved in forming the structure of pegs, and then, after retraction, they start secreting OBPs and CSPs in the sensillar lymph. The synthesis of LmigOBP1 starts during the embryogenesis about 0.5 h preceding hatching, specifically in sensilla trichodea and basiconica of the antenna. LmigOBP2, instead, was only found in the outer sensillum lymph (oSl) of sensilla chaetica of the antenna, while we could not detect LmigOBP3 in any type of sensilla of the antenna. The ontogenesis of CSPs in the embryos is similar to that of OBPs. Expression of CSPI homolog in Locusta migratoria is detected using the antiserum raised against SgreCSPI. CSPI is specifically expressed in the outer sensillum lymph of sensilla chaetica of the antenna, and anti‐LmigCSPII dose not label any sensilla of the embryos. These data indicate that in locusts, OBPs and CSPs follow different temporal expression patterns, and also that OBPs are expressed in different types of sensilla. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Structure of Bombyx mori chemosensory protein 1 in solution

Chemosensory Proteins (CSPs) represent a family of conserved proteins found in insects that may be involved in chemosensory functions. BmorCSP1 is expressed mainly in antennae and legs of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori and was cloned from antennal cDNA. Here we report the determination of the structure of Bombyx mori CSP1 (BmorCSP1) by NMR. The overall fold of BmorCSP1 is globular and comprises six alpha-helices. These helices span residues 10-14, 17-27, 35-49, 57-72, 75-85, and 92-100. The internal hydrophobic sides of the helices are formed mostly by leucine and isoleucine residues and, therefore, well suited to constitute a binding site for hydrophobic ligands.     

昆虫气味结合蛋白研究进展

嗅觉在昆虫生命活动中起着重要的作用,气味结合蛋白(odorant binding proteins,OBPs)是昆虫嗅觉系统中发挥重要作用的蛋白之一,近年随着基因组学、转录组学的快速发展,越来越多的昆虫OBPs基因陆续被鉴定出来,部分OBPs的功能也逐步被证实。本文作者针对OBPs的种类、结构特征、表达分布、三维结构以及生理功能等方面进行了综述,为更多昆虫OBPs基因的鉴定及其功能研究提供参考,也为进一步揭示昆虫-环境间的化学通讯机理以及开辟害虫新的防治策略奠定基础。     

Expression of chemosensory proteins in hairs on wings of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The hairs on the wings of Locusta migratoria were observed and mapped using light microscopy, as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Based on their ultrastructure, we can distinguish four main types of hairs on the wings of adult L. migratoria , viz, short, medium and long hairs, and sensilla chaetica. The long hairs are located only on the ventral surface of the hindwing, whereas the other three types are present both on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of forewing and hindwing in both sexes. Medium hairs and sensilla chaetica are significantly more abundant on the dorsal surface of forewings in both females and males, than on the ventral surface, whereas the opposite was observed for short hairs (P < 0.01). No significant difference between males and females was observed in the density of any type of hairs (P > 0.1). Several dendritic branches, enveloped by a dendrite sheath, are situated in the lymph cavity of sensilla chaetica. Instead, no dendritic structure was observed in the cavity of the other three types of hairs. Immunocytochemical localization of chemosensory proteins (CSPs) was performed on ultrathin sections of hairs on wings. The antiserum against chemosensory proteins from L. migratoria (LmigCSP-II) strongly labelled sensilla chaetica, with gold granules only found in the outer sensillum lymph. In addition, the epidermal cell membrane of the wing was stained by the antiserum against LmigCSP-II. The other three types of hairs were never labelled. The results indicate that the wings might involve in contact chemoreception process.