重组人磷脂酶D1/腺病毒表达载体的构建与表达

将磷脂酶D1基因及其功能缺陷点突变基因从真核表达载体pCGNPLD1亚克隆至带有绿色荧光标记蛋白的穿梭质粒pAdTrackCMV中;再与腺病毒骨架载体一起在大肠杆菌BJ5183中进行同源重组;阳性重组子经PacⅠ线性化后,转染入病毒组装细胞系293细胞,成功构建磷脂酰胆碱专一性磷脂酶D1重组腺病毒; 并用该病毒颗粒感染嗜铬细胞瘤细胞PC12细胞,高效表达磷脂酶D1蛋白。证明大蛋白基因,如磷脂酶D1基因的同源重组腺病毒表达构建切实可行,为研究其在细胞内的生理功能提供了有力工具。     

重组p16腺病毒的构建及其对人白血病细胞的抑制作用

为了探讨腺病毒载体用于基因治疗的可行性及野生型 p1 6基因的抗肿瘤特性 ,构建了复制缺陷型重组 p1 6腺病毒 .首先将 p1 6全长 c DNA插入穿梭质粒 p Ad CMV产生重组质粒 p Ad-CMV- p1 6,然后通过脂质体介导与 p JM1 7共转染 2 93细胞 ,经同源重组产生 E1区缺失的重组腺病毒空斑 .用纯化后的腺病毒感染人白血病细胞株 HL- 60后 ,PCR及 Western blot分析显示在感染细胞中有外源性 p1 6 c DNA存在和 p1 6蛋白表达 ;被感染的 HL- 60细胞的生长受到明显抑制 ,而未感染细胞及对照腺病毒感染的细胞没有受到抑制 .结果表明 ,腺病毒作为一种新型基因转移载体 ,可有效地介导肿瘤抑制基因 p1 6的表达 ,在肿瘤基因治疗方面具有很大的应用前景 .     

表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白重组复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒的构建及小鼠免疫试验

构建表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白重组复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒,评价其对小鼠免疫效果。本研究将编码PCV2Cap蛋白的ORF2克隆到腺病毒表达系统穿梭质粒,构建了重组穿梭质粒pacAd5CMV-Cap。将被限制性内切酶PacI线性化后的骨架质粒和重组穿梭质粒共转染HEK293AD细胞,两者在真核细胞内同源重组并包装出携带PCV2-Cap基因的复制缺陷型重组人5型腺病毒,命名为rAd5-Cap;以同样方法重组获得了不含任何靶基因的野生型重组腺病毒wt-rAd5。病毒增殖稳定后,rAd5-Cap与wt-rAd5滴度可达到108.5 TCID50/mL左右;一步增殖实验证明,相对于wt-rAd5,rAd5-Cap中Cap基因的引入几乎没有给重组腺病毒增殖造成影响。RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光实验显示,rAd5-Cap能够有效介导PCV2Cap蛋白在真核细胞HEK293AD细胞中表达。以107 TCID50的rAd5-Cap肌肉注射接种小鼠,14d后小鼠血清中产生可检测水平的针对Cap蛋白的体液免疫应答,并且至少在免疫后28d之前抗体水平持续加强。对重组腺病毒的分子生物学鉴定和在小鼠上的初步免疫试验结果表明,重组腺病毒rAd5-Cap可介导Cap蛋白在真核细胞中的表达,并且表达的靶蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,为进一步将其开发成新型PCV2疫苗奠定了基础。     

人Sema4C重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12中的表达

利用Ad5腺病毒载体系统构建人Sema4C基因重组腺病毒表达载体并在成肌细胞系C2C12中表达,并初步探讨Sema4C基因在成肌发育过程中的可能作用。利用脂质体介导重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293细胞,包装出完整的腺病毒;将重组腺病毒载体感染C2C12成肌细胞后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现12h即有绿色荧光表达,24h后绿色荧光蛋白表达最强;流式细胞仪检测病毒的感染效率几乎达100%。WB检测结果表明感染重组腺病毒载体组C2C12细胞Sema4C蛋白的表达量明显高于空载体对照组（P<0.01）。为了进一步观察Sema4C基因对C2C12细胞增殖分化的影响,流式细胞仪检测了病毒感染48h后C2C12细胞的增殖指数,并对感染后诱导分化的C2C12细胞的分化情况进行了观察。我们的结果首次表明,过表达外源性人Sema4C基因不仅能使C2C12细胞的G0/G1期比例增加,细胞的增殖指数下降,同时在分化培养条件下还能促进C2C12细胞肌管的形成。     

MKK6重组腺病毒的构建与制备

构建腺病毒穿梭载体pAd RSV ,并将p3 8MAPK (mitogen activatedproteinkinase)的上游激酶MKK6(mitogen activatedproteinkinasekinase 6)及其持续激活和无活性的突变体基因亚克隆到该穿梭载体 .通过与腺病毒DNA(pJM17)在能够表达E1的HEK 2 93细胞同源重组生成了能够表达MKK6信号分子的重组腺病毒 .PCR结果表明 ,这些重组腺病毒DNA的插入片段大小是正确的 .而且 ,通过感染COS 7细胞 ,用免疫激酶活性测定证实这些重组的腺病毒能够表达具有功能的蛋白质 .     

人Notch1受体shRNA重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建人特异性受体Notch1短发夹RNA重组腺病毒载体,探讨其对人脐带间充质干细胞中Notch1表达的影响,以便进一步研究Notch1的生物学功能.方法:设计合成Notch1序列干扰序列,插入到pGenesil-1.1上构建重组质粒,取阳性克隆进行酶切及DNA测序鉴定.通过同源重组,构建含目的基因的重组腺病毒质粒栽体pGsadeno-Notch1-shRNA.经PacI线性化后脂质体介导转染到HEK 293细胞,包装后得到腺病毒颗粒.产生的重组腺病毒体外转染人脐带间充质千细胞,RT-PCR和Western blot 检测特异性shRNA对人脐带间充质干细胞中Notch1蛋白在mRNA及蛋白表达水平的抑制效果.结果:经酶切及DNA测序重组腺病毒质粒构建正确.重组腺病毒转染人脐带间充质干细胞3d后,RT-PCR及Western blot检测,可显著下调细胞内Notch1的转录及蛋白表达水平.对Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达的抑制率分别为70.31％和86.97％,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:成功构建了表达人Notch1受体shRNA的重组腺病毒载体,为研究Notch1在肿瘤学中的生物学作用及机制奠定基础.     

HIV-1 C亚型密码子优化gp120基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及表达

目的构建含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并在293细胞中表达gp120蛋白。方法PCR扩增,获得HIV-1C亚型gp120片段,定向克隆人腺病毒转移载体pTrack-CMV,线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架载体pAd-easy-1的大肠埃希菌BJ5183,获得重组子prAd—gp120,PacI酶切纯化后转染293细胞,包装成复制缺陷型重组腺病毒vAd—gp120。结果经PCR、酶切及DNA测序,插入片段大小、方向正确,获得了具有感染力的vAd—gp120重组腺病毒;通过Western印迹检测,重组腺病毒在293细胞中表达出分子量为120kD的蛋白。结论成功构建了含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并获得该基因的表达。     

李斯特菌侵染宿主细胞过程中磷脂酶D活性变化的初步研究

磷脂酶D(phospholipase,PLD)在感染和炎症反应中发挥重要作用,然而其在单核增生李斯特菌(简称李斯特菌)侵染非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)中是否被激活尚未见报道。对李斯特菌刺激下的Vero细胞内PLD的活性变化进行了初步研究。以李斯特菌、佛波醇PMA分别刺激正常细胞及高效表达PLD2-K758R功能缺陷蛋白腺病毒预感染的Vero细胞,研究Vero细胞内PLD活性变化。结果发现,与对照组相比(不给予刺激),在李斯特菌和佛波醇PMA刺激正常Vero细胞过程中,胞内PLD活性增强非常显著。mPLD2-K758R蛋白的过度表达对Vero细胞的PLD基础活性无影响,但对李斯特菌和PMA诱导的PLD激活有明显抑制作用。这初步表明,在李斯特菌诱导的Vero细胞对其吞噬过程中的确伴有PLD的激活,并且可能主要是PLD2亚型被激活,但此吞噬过程中PLD的激活机制及激活后PLD的具体功能尚有待进一步研究。     

含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18重组腺病毒制备及其在心肌细胞中的表达

目的:构建并鉴定含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18的重组腺病毒,为研究14-3-3蛋白的功能提供基础工具。方法:用同源重组方法构建含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体(AdR18),并加以鉴定、扩增,以获得高滴度AdR18病毒液,体外感染乳大鼠心肌细胞,检测目的基因表达。结果:将构建的重组腺病毒载体AdR18感染乳大鼠心肌细胞并表达48h后,蛋白印迹结果显示AdR18感染组有明显R18的表达,对照组无表达。结论:腺病毒载体可高效率导入外源基因在心肌细胞中高表达。     

汉坦病毒包膜糖蛋白G2重组腺病毒的构建及其在Hela细胞中的表达

本研究旨在构建可表达汉坦病毒(HTNV)糖蛋白G2的重组腺病毒。应用PCR方法扩增G2编码基因,经T/A克隆、测序鉴定后再亚克隆到腺病毒shuttle载体pAd5-CMV中并用磷酸钙沉淀法分别将携带G2编码基因的重组腺病毒shuttle载体与携带报告基因eGFP的腺病毒骨架质粒共转染HEK293细胞,包装、扩增、纯化后得到携带HTNV糖蛋白G2编码基因的重组腺病毒;用重组腺病毒感染Hela细胞并收获蛋白,间接免疫荧光、Western blotting检测蛋白表达。经酶切鉴定表明已成功构建了携带G2基因的重组腺病毒载体;RT-PCR鉴定表明目的基因能够在感染重组腺病毒的Hela细胞中转录;荧光显微镜观察重组腺病毒感染的Hela细胞,可见报告基因eGFP的表达;间接免疫荧光法和Western blotting均证实表达产物可被抗G2单克隆抗体所识别,表明糖蛋白G2在感染细胞中得到了表达。本研究成功构建了可表达HTNV包膜糖蛋白G2的重组腺病毒,转染宿主细胞可稳定表达目的蛋白,为HTNV糖蛋白G2的结晶、结构解析研究以及新型汉坦病毒疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

Involvement of phospholipase D2 in lysophosphatidate-induced transactivation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta in human bronchial epithelial cells

Lysophosphatidate (LPA) mediates multiple cellular responses via heterotrimeric G protein coupled LPA-1, LPA-2, and LPA-3 receptors. Many G protein-coupled receptors stimulate ERK following tyrosine phosphorylation of growth factor receptors; however, the mechanism(s) of transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases are not well defined. Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in LPA-mediated transactivation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGF-R beta). In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs), LPA stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-R beta and threonine/tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The LPA-mediated activation of ERK and tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-R beta was attenuated by tyrphostin AG 1296, an inhibitor of PDGF-R kinase, suggesting transactivation of PDGF-R by LPA. Furthermore, LPA-, but not PDGF beta-chain homodimer-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-R beta was partially blocked by pertussis toxin, indicating coupling of LPA-R(s) to Gi. Exposure of HBEpCs to LPA activated PLD. Butan-1-ol, which acts as an acceptor of phosphatidate generated by the PLD pathway, blocked LPA-mediated transactivation of PDGF-R beta. This effect was not seen with butan-3-ol, suggesting PLD involvement. The role of PLD1 and PLD2 in the PDGF-R beta transactivation by LPA was investigated by infection of cells with adenoviral constructs of wild type and catalytically inactive mutants of PLD. LPA activated both PLD1 and PLD2 in HBEpCs; however, infection of cells with cDNA for wild type PLD2, but not PLD1, increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-R beta in response to LPA. Also, the LPA-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-R beta was attenuated by the catalytically inactive mutant mPLD2-K758R. Infection of HBEpCs with adenoviral constructs of wild type hPLD1, mPLD2, and the inactive mutants of hPLD1 and mPLD2 resulted in association of PLD2 wild type and inactive mutant proteins with the PDGF-R beta compared with PLD1. These results show for the first time that transactivation of PDGF-R beta by LPA in HBEpCs is regulated by PLD2.     

人成纤维细胞生长因子受体2IIIc及其突变型重组腺病毒的获得和在乳腺癌细胞中的表达

获得人成纤维细胞生长因子受体2Ⅲc(FGFR2Ⅲc)及其S252W突变型重组腺病毒,感染乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,为下一步研究FGFR2Ⅲc基因的功能和作用机制奠定基础。以本实验室保存的含FGFR2Ⅲc基因的质粒为模板,PCR扩增得到FGFR2Ⅲc基因,重叠延伸法PCR获得FGFR2ⅢcS252W突变型基因;分别将上述野生型和突变型基因克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV上,得到重组穿梭质粒pAdTrack-FGFR2Ⅲc和pAdTrack-FGFR2ⅢcS252W,DNA测序证实。Pme I酶切后分别与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转化BJ-5183感受态细菌同源重组,得到的重组表达质粒Ad-FGFR2Ⅲc和Ad-FGFR2ⅢcS252W Pac I酶切线性化后转染HEK293A细胞进行重组腺病毒的包装和扩增,通过GFP报告基因观察病毒表达情况。收集重组病毒颗粒并测定滴度,进一步感染乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测目的基因的表达,3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)法和流式细胞术分析细胞增殖情况。结果表明,成功构建了人FGFR2Ⅲc及其S252W突变型基因的重组腺病毒表达载体,获得的重组腺病毒颗粒能高效感染MDA-MB-231细胞,并表达目的基因。MTT结果显示FGFR2Ⅲc和S252W均能抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖,S252W抑制效果更加明显。流式细胞术表明FGFR2Ⅲc和S252W均能使MDA-MB-231细胞周期停滞于G0/G1期,抑制细胞增殖。     

SOCS3基因重组腺病毒的构建及其在猪脂肪细胞中的表达

本研究旨在构建细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,SOCS3)的重组腺病毒表达载体,获得有感染性的病毒颗粒。以pcDNA3-SOCS3质粒为模板扩增SOCS3基因,将其亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,经测序验证后,重组的穿梭质粒用PmeI酶切线性化后转化到BJ5183感受态细菌中与其内的骨架载体pAdEasy-1进行同源重组,获得的重组质粒pAd-SOCS3,经PacI线性化后转染至HEK293细胞中进行包装和扩增,纯化后用TCID50法测定病毒滴度。以重组的病毒感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞后,荧光显微镜下观察报告基因GFP的表达,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测细胞内SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达。重组腺病毒载体pAd-SOCS3经酶切及PCR鉴定正确,病毒滴度为1.2×109PFU/mL;感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞后,荧光显微镜观察可见报告基因GFP的表达;RT-PCR和Western blotting检测到细胞中SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达显著提高。本研究成功构建了SOCS3基因的重组腺病毒,感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞可稳定表达SOCS3蛋白,为深入研究SOCS3的功能奠定了基础。     

Regulation of constitutive protein transit by phospholipase D in HT29-cl19A cells.

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays a central role in the control of vesicle budding and protein transit. We previously showed that in resting epithelial HT29-cl19A cells, PLD is implicated in the control of constitutive protein transit, from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, and that phorbol ester stimulation of protein transit is correlated with PLD activation (Auger, R., Robin, P., Camier, B., Vial, G., Rossignol, B., Tenu, J.-P., and Raymond, M.-N. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28652-28659). In this paper we demonstrate that: 1) PLD is not implicated in the earliest phases of protein transit; 2) PLD controls apical but not basolateral protein transit; 3) HT29-cl19A cells express PLD1b and PLD2a mRNAs and proteins; 4) the expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of PLD2 (mPLD2-K758R) significantly inhibited apical constitutive protein transit whereas expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of PLD1 (hPLD1b-K898R) prevented increases in the rate of apical transit as triggered by phorbol esters; 5) PLD2 appears to be located in a perinuclear region containing the Golgi whereas PLD1, which is scattered in the cytoplasm in resting cells, is translocated to the plasma membrane after phorbol ester stimulation. Taken together, these data lead to the conclusion that in HT29-cl19A cells, both PLDs regulate protein transit between the trans-Golgi network and the apical plasma membrane, but that they do so at different steps in the pathway.     

甲型H5N1流感病毒M2与HA双基因载体疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫学评价

高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (AIV) 严重威胁到人类健康,因此研制高效、安全的禽流感疫苗具有重要意义。以我国分离的首株人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (A/Anhui/1/2005) 作为研究对象,PCR扩增基质蛋白2 (M2) 和血凝素 (HA) 基因全长开放阅读框片段,构建共表达H5N1亚型AIV膜蛋白基因 M2和HA的重组质粒pStar-M2/HA。此外,还通过同源重组以293细胞包装出表达M2基因的重组腺病毒Ad-M2以及表达HA基因的重组腺病毒Ad-HA。用间接免疫荧光 (IFA) 方法检测到了各载体上插入基因的表达。按初免-加强程序分别用重组质粒pStar-M2/HA和重组腺病毒Ad-HA+Ad-M2免疫BALB/c小鼠,共免疫4次,每次间隔14 d。第1、3次用DNA疫苗,第2、4次用重组腺病毒载体疫苗,每次免疫前及末次免疫后14 d采集血清用于检测体液免疫应答,末次免疫后14 d采集脾淋巴细胞用于检测细胞免疫应答。血凝抑制 (HI) 实验检测到免疫后小鼠血清中的HI活性。ELISA实验检测到免疫后小鼠血清中抗H5N1亚型流感病毒表面蛋白的IgG抗体。ELISPOT实验检测到免疫后小鼠针对M2蛋白和HA蛋白的特异性细胞免疫应答。流感病毒M2与HA双基因共免疫的研究,为研究开发新型重组流感疫苗奠定了基础。     

抑癌基因PTEN在线粒体上的定位促进A431细胞的凋亡

为研究抑癌基因PTEN在线粒体上的定位对细胞凋亡的影响,构建N端融合有细胞色素C氧化酶亚基七(CoxⅦ)的PTEN腺病毒重组体(Mito-PTEN)。将CoxⅦ-PTEN片段克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV中,PmeⅠ线性化穿梭质粒,并与腺病毒基因组载体pAdeasy-1共转化大肠杆菌菌株BJ5183,鉴定重组体,并将阳性重组体转化至大肠杆菌菌株DH5α中进行扩增;经PacⅠ酶切后的重组体通过脂质体方法转染用于腺病毒包装的细胞HEK-293A,包装重组腺病毒,收集病毒液,反复扩增,进行病毒滴度的测定;通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标签检测转染及感染效率;用Mito-PTEN腺病毒感染人表皮鳞状癌细胞A431,以流式细胞分析仪检测细胞凋亡情况。成功构建了Mito-PTEN的腺病毒重组体,并进行了该重组体的病毒包装,滴度为107pfu/mL,通过免疫印迹检测目的蛋白,并发现Mito-PTEN可以促进A431细胞的凋亡。Mito-PTEN的成功构建以及它对A431细胞凋亡的促进作用为研究PTEN在线粒体上的功能以及可能的在肿瘤治疗方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

Phospholipase D stimulation by receptor tyrosine kinases mediated by protein kinase C and a Ras/Ral signaling cascade

Stimulation of phospholipase D (PLD) in HEK-293 cells expressing the M(3) muscarinic receptor by phorbol ester-activated protein kinase C (PKC) apparently involves Ral GTPases. We report here that PKC, but not muscarinic receptor-induced PLD stimulation in these cells, is strongly and specifically reduced by expression of dominant-negative RalA, G26A RalA, as well as dominant-negative Ras, S17N Ras. In contrast, overexpression of the Ras-activated Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Ral-GDS, specifically enhanced PKC-induced PLD stimulation. Moreover, recombinant Ral-GDS potentiated Ral-dependent PKC-induced PLD stimulation in membranes. Epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin, ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) endogenously expressed in HEK-293 cells, apparently use the PKC- and Ras/Ral-dependent pathway for PLD stimulation. First, PLD stimulation by the RTK agonists was prevented by PKC inhibition and PKC down-regulation. Second, expression of dominant-negative RalA and Ras mutants strongly reduced RTK-induced PLD stimulation. Third, overexpression of Ral-GDS largely potentiated PLD stimulation by the RTK agonists. Finally, using the Ral binding domain of the Ral effector RLIP as an activation-specific probe for Ral proteins, it is demonstrated that endogenous RalA is activated by phorbol ester and RTK agonists. Taken together, strong evidence is provided that RTK-induced PLD stimulation in HEK-293 cells is mediated by PKC and a Ras/Ral signaling cascade.     

Preparation of isotopically labelled recombinant β-defensin for NMR studies

Apoptosis is a major problem in animal cell cultures during production of biopharmaceuticals, such as recombinant proteins or viral vectors. A 293 cell line constitutively expressing vMIA (viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis) was constructed and examined on production of a model recombinant protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the adenovirus-293 expression system, and on production of a model infectious adenoviral vector. vMIA-293 cells were more resistant than the parental 293 cells to apoptosis induced by either oxidative stress, or by adenovirus infection. The yield of GFP produced in vMIA-293 cell cultures was consistently higher (140%) compared to that in the parental cells. vMIA reduced production of adenovirus infectious particles, which was not due to a decline of adenovirus replication, since adenoviral DNA replication rate in vMIA-293 cells was higher than that in the parental cells.In conclusion, introduction of the vMIA gene into the 293 cell line is a promising strategy to improve recombinant protein production in the adenovirus-293 expression system.