Combination of G-CSF Administration and Human Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFS) harbor the potential to improve peripheral nerve injury by inherited neurotrophic factor secretion, but present the drawback of the short-term survival after transplantation. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a diversity of functions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate whether G-CSF could augment the neuroprotective effect of transplanted AFS against peripheral nerve injury. The potential involvement of anti-inflammation/anti-apoptosis effect was also investigated. Peripheral nerve injury was produced in Sprauge-Dawley rats by crushing left sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp. The AFS were embedded in fibrin glue and delivered to the injured site. G-CSF (50 μg/kg) was administrated by intra-peritoneal injection for 7 consecutive days. Cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, motor function, and nerve regeneration were evaluated 7 or 28 days after injury. Crush injury induced inflammatory response, disrupted nerve integrity, and impaired nerve function in sciatic nerve. Crush injury-provoked inflammation was attenuated in groups receiving G-CSF but not in AFS only group. In transplanted AFS, marked apoptosis was detected and this event was reduced by G-CSF treatment. Increased nerve myelination and improved motor function were observed in AFS transplanted, G-CSF administrated, and AFS/G-CSF combined treatment groups. Significantly, the combined treatment showed the most beneficial effect. In conclusion, the concomitant treatment of AFS with G-CSF augments peripheral nerve regeneration which may involve the suppression of apoptotic death in implanted AFS and the attenuation of inflammatory response.     

间充质干细胞过滤分离器制备人羊膜间充质干细胞的研究

自然存在的间充质干细胞数量少,限制了其研究应用。依靠自主发明的间充质干细胞过滤分离器,分离制备了人羊膜间充质干细胞,并对制备的干细胞进行了三维培养扩增。结果表明,制备的干细胞形态长势良好,并能诱导分化为类胰岛样组织。与常规方法相比,干细胞收获率提高了8倍以上,且细胞活性状态良好。间充质干细胞过滤分离器可以批量制备高质量的各种间充质干细胞,有利于高效率地建设各种间充质干细胞库,以促进间充质干细胞的研究应用。     

人羊水间充质干细胞治疗肿瘤的临床研究进展

人羊水间充质干细胞(Human amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells,AF-MSCs)是一类具有高度增殖、自我更新和多项分化潜能的干细胞,即使经过多次传代其生物学特性也不会发生改变。有研究表明,AF-MSCs具有免疫原性低、不成瘤性和肿瘤细胞亲嗜性等特点,而且能够迁移到肿瘤病灶。因此,AF-MSCs作为转运载体介导药物靶向治疗肿瘤具有潜在的优势。同时,通过羊膜腔穿刺获得羊水有利于避免胚胎干细胞研究有关的伦理问题,可作为一种理想的治疗方法。本文通过回顾、总结人羊水间充质干细胞的研究进展,展望人羊水间充质干细胞治疗肿瘤的应用前景。     

Transdifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Alternative Therapy in Supporting Nerve Regeneration and Myelination

1. Aims: Demyelination plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative processes and traumatic disorders. One possibility to achieve remyelination and subsequent restoration of neuronal function is to provide an exogenous source of myelinating cells via transplantation. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted interest. They are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage like bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle. Although adult, their differentiation potential is remarkable, and they are able to transdifferentiate.2. Methods: We transformed cultivated rat MSCs into myelinating cells by using a cytokine cocktail. Transdifferentiated MSCs were characterized by an enhanced expression of LNGF-receptor, Krox20, and CD104, and a decreased expression of BMP receptor-1A as compared to untreated MSCs. The myelinating capacity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, PC12 cells, normally unmyelinated, were cocultivated with MSCs, transdifferentiated MSCs, and Schwann cells, or the respective cells were grafted into an autologous muscle conduit bridging a 2-cm gap in the rat sciatic nerve. Myelination of PC12 cells was demonstrated by electron microscopy. In vivo, after 3 and 6 weeks regeneration including myelination was monitored histologically and morphometrically. Autologous nerves and cell-free muscle grafts were used as control.3. Results: Schwann cells and transdifferentiated MSCs were able to myelinate PC12 cells after 14 days in vitro. In vivo, autologous nerve grafts demonstrated the best results in all regenerative parameters. An appropriate myelination was noted in the Schwann cell groups and, albeit with restrictions, in the transdifferentiated MSC groups, while regeneration in the MSC groups and in the cell-free groups was impaired.4. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that it may be possible to differentiate MSCs into therapeutically useful cells for clinical applications in myelin defects.     

人滑膜间充质干细胞与人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该文旨在比较人滑膜间充质干细胞(human synovial mesenchymal stem cells,hSMSCs)与人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状.流式细胞仪鉴定hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs.比较两种间...     

IFN—α对人脐带间充质干细胞粘附分子表达的影响

目的：本研究旨在观察不同浓度IFN-α对体外培养人脐带问充质千细胞表面粘附分子表达变化的影响。方法!采用组织块移行法培养人脐带间充质干细胞（Humanumbilicalcordmesenchymalstemcells,hucMSCs）,并进行干细胞表面抗原、成骨和成脂鉴定。向P3代hucMSCs加入不同浓度的IFN-α,24小时后收集细胞,应用流式细胞仪检测CD44、CD49d、CD54、CD58、CD62p、CD62L、CD102及CD106等八种粘附分子的表达情况。结果：①生理状态下,CD106、CD62P、CD62L和CD102阳性表达率极低（均〈1％）,CD54表达最高,为41．58％,经IFN-α干预后,CDl02、CDl06、CD62L、CD62p阳性表达率略有升高,但总体变化不明显（均〈5％）。②CD49d、CD54、CD58阳性表达率与IFN-α呈浓度依赖性,最高达（66．36＋2．48）％、（76．26＋1．85）％、（47．78＋O．44）％;CD44在浓度为3×103U／ml时阳性表达率最高,为（49．81±3．25）％,且干预组与对照组、各组间比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：炎症因子IFN-α可显著提高hucMSCs表面CD54、CD58、CD44、CD49d的阳性表达率,但对CD102、CD106、CD62P和CD62L作用不明显。     

从人胚胎干细胞畸胎瘤中有效获取间充质干细胞和神经前体细胞

通过人胚胎干细胞(human embryonic stem cells,hESC)体外分化方法和畸胎瘤形成可以分化获得多种成体细胞．但目前尚不清楚是否可以从hESCs畸胎瘤中分离某些特异性细胞．通过体外筛选方法,有效地从hESCs畸胎瘤中分离出神经前体细胞(neural progenitor cells,NPCs)和间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)．这种hESCs畸胎瘤来源的NPCs和MSCs与体内神经前体细胞和间充质干细胞有着相似的分子标记和特性,并具有进一步的分化潜能——分别可以诱导成为神经元、神经胶质细胞、脂肪细胞和骨骼细胞等．根据人胚胎干细胞畸胎瘤中含有不同分化阶段的外胚层、中胚层和内胚层的组织或细胞,认为人胚胎干细胞畸胎瘤可以作为另一个细胞来源以获取多种(包括人胚胎干细胞体外分化难以得到的)各种前体/干细胞和终末分化细胞．     

通过形成类胚体诱导人羊水多能干细胞向心肌细胞分化

由人羊水中分离羊水多能性干细胞,通过形成类胚体诱导其向心肌细胞分化.取人羊水标本进行体外培养,分离得到人羊水干细胞,已连续传代培养至42代,采用免疫细胞化学、RT-PCR和流式细胞仪技术对羊水干细胞的生物学特性进行检测.取10～15代羊水干细胞,悬浮培养使其形成类胚体,进而向心肌细胞诱导分化.培养的羊水干细胞呈成纤维样,表达部分胚胎干细胞特异标志基因,悬浮培养可形成类胚体.类胚体碱性磷酸酶(AP)检测呈阳性,表达三胚层特异标志基因fgf5、ζ-globin和α-fetoprotein.羊水干细胞形成类胚体后进行诱导,得到α-actin阳性细胞,表达心肌细胞特异标志基因Tbx5、Nkx2.5、GATA4和α-MHC.试验结果表明,从人羊水标本中可分离得到具有胚胎干细胞特性的细胞,经初步检测确定为羊水干细胞,并能通过形成类胚体诱导其向心肌细胞分化.     

人尿源性干细胞及人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该研究探讨人尿源性干细胞(human urine-derived stem cells,hUSCs)及人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状差异。分离培养hUSCs及hUC-MSCs,显微镜下观察细胞形态,流式细胞术检测干细胞表面标记物,锥虫蓝拒染实验及克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖能力,划痕实验及Transwell迁移实验检测细胞迁移能力,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色、茜素红染色、油红O染色及阿利新蓝染色评估多向分化潜能。hUSCs为米粒状贴壁生长细胞,hUC-MSCs为长梭形贴壁细胞,呈旋涡状排列生长,两种细胞表型分析相似,均表达多种间充质干细胞标志物,但CD24在hUC-MSCs表达阳性,而CD105在hUSCs表达阳性。hUC-MSCs的增殖及迁移能力优于hUSCs,但后者的克隆形成能力更强。hUSCs及hUCMSCs都具有成骨、成脂、成软骨分化能力,hUC-MSCs的成骨能力强而hUSCs的成脂能力强。该研究成功分离培养出增殖能力强并具有多向分化潜能的hUSCs,该细胞与hUC-MSCs相比具有相似的生物学性状,可作为再生医学自体移植的理想种子细胞来源。     

Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Dysfunction via ERK1/2 MAPK Signaling

Epidemiological evidence suggests that bone is especially sensitive to oxidative stress, causing bone loss in the elderly. Previous studies indicated that human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs), obtained from human amniotic membranes, exerted osteoprotective effects in vivo. However, the potential of HAMSCs as seed cells against oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction is unknown. In this study, we systemically investigated their antioxidative and osteogenic effects in vitro. Here, we demonstrated that HAMSCs signi cantly promoted the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of H₂O₂-induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs), and down-regulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Further, our results suggest that activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signal transduction pathway is essential for both HAMSCs-mediated osteogenic and protective effects against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction in HBMSCs. U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of extracellular ERK1/2 MAPK signaling, significantly suppressed the antioxidative and osteogenic effects in HAMSCs. In conclusion, by modulating HBMSCs, HAMSCs show a strong potential in treating oxidative stress- mediated bone deficiency.     

人脐带间充质干细胞对脊柱骨折大鼠愈合及神经功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)对脊柱骨折大鼠愈合及神经功能的影响。方法：脊柱骨折Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠模型30只随机分为hUC-MSCs组与对照组,各15只。hUC-MSCs组大鼠在骨折部位移植0.5 mL的hUC-MSCs(细胞浓度为2×10⁶/mL),对照组大鼠移植同体积的生理盐水,记录大鼠愈合及神经功能变化情况。结果：两组造模后15 min、30 min、90 min的平均动脉压都波动明显,不过组间对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与造模后2 w对比,两组造模后4 w的神经功能BBB评分均升高,且hUC-MSCs组造模后2 w、4 w的神经功能BBB评分都高于对照组(P<0.05)。hUC-MSCs组造模后8 w的骨体积分数高于对照组(P<0.05)。hUC-MSCs组骨折部位附近有少量骨痂生长,骨折线逐渐消失;骨痂已明显包裹骨折部位。hUC-MSCs组造模后8 w的脊髓细胞凋亡指数低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：hUC-MSCs在脊柱骨折大鼠的应用能促进骨折愈合与改善神经功能,也可以抑制脊髓细胞凋亡,从而发挥很好的治疗作用。     

肝细胞生长因子基因修饰的人脐带间充质干细胞对大鼠慢性肝损伤的治疗研究

目的：研究肝细胞生长因子（HGF）基因修饰的人脐带间充质干细胞（MSC）对Wistar大鼠慢性肝损伤的治疗作用。方法：利用携带人HGF基因的重组腺病毒（Ad～HGF）对MSC进行基因修饰;通过皮下注射CCl4-橄榄油溶液建立大鼠肝损伤模型;56只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、MSC组、HGF组和HGF／MSC组,分别尾静脉注射生理盐水、MSC、Ad-HGF或HGF／MSC,通过血清肝功能检测及肝组织的生化指标、病理切片等评价治疗效果。结果：利用腺病毒将HGF基因转入MSC并确定了最佳感染条件。CCl4-橄榄油诱导4周后,动物肝脏外观出现明显的脂肪变性和血清转氨酶明显升高,表明成功诱导了大鼠慢性肝损伤模型。经过4周治疗,治疗组动物的体重明显升高、肝指数明显降低,动物存活率高于模型组（模型组：50％;MSC组：70％;Ad-HGF组：70％;HGF／MSC组：90％）。肝功能指标测定结果显示,与模型组比较,HGF／MSC组动物的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（406.75±35.98 vs.513.75±12.71U／L,P〈0.01）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（124.6±10.6 vs.169.67＋15.38 U／L,P〈0.05）和总胆红素（14.6±2.08 vs.19.25±1.38g／dL,P〈0.01）均明显降低,白蛋白含量（29.1±1.3vs.22.05±2.61g／L,P〈0.05）明显升高;Ad-HGF组只有天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（436.0±18.40vs.513.75±12.71U／L,P〈0.05）明显降低;而单纯MSC治疗对肝功能改善不明显。丙二醛测定结果显示,治疗后动物肝组织中的过氧化反应均较模型组显著减弱。HGF／MSC组和MSC组动物肝组织中的羟脯氨酸含量与模型组比较明显降低（69.27±14.58,63.23±13.23 vs.96.59±15.05mg／mL,P〈0.01）。上述实验结果提示3种治疗方式对CCl4-橄榄油引起的大鼠肝损伤均有一定的治疗效果,可减轻CCl。导致的肝损伤程度,增加动物体重,降低肝脏指数,减轻肝组织的过氧化反应,提高动物的存活率,其中HGF／MSC治疗效果最为明显,而且细胞注射没有引起动物的不良反应。结论：3种治疗方式均可改善CCl。导致的肝损伤,其中以HGF／MSC对肝损伤的治疗效果最好。本实验为HGF／MSC的临床研究提供了新的实验数据,为治疗肝损伤提供了新的治疗措施。     

人脐带间充质干细胞对百草枯中毒肺损伤小鼠模型的治疗作用

目的:探讨脐带间充质干细胞(UCMSC)治疗百草枯中毒引起的小鼠肺损伤的可行性。方法:小鼠腹腔一次性注射百草枯制备百草枯中毒小鼠模型,24 h后尾静脉注射UCMSC,分别于治疗后7和21 d取材,观察UCMSC对急性肺损伤和慢性肺纤维化的治疗作用。结果:UCMSC移植对40和50 mg/kg百草枯染毒组急性肺损伤有效,动物死亡率显著降低,但对60 mg/kg百草枯染毒组动物无效。UCMSC治疗对慢性肺纤维化有显著治疗作用,治疗组动物体重恢复早,死亡率降低,肺纤维化评分降低。RT-PCR结果显示,UCMSC移植3 h有人特异性线粒体基因的表达,但24 h后未检测到。结论:UCMSC对百草枯中毒性急慢性肺损伤有一定的治疗作用,这种作用可能是通过旁分泌机制实现的。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞移植对食蟹猴脑出血模型损伤的修复作用

目的观察人骨髓间充质干细胞（human mesenchymal stem cells,hMSCs）移植4周和8周后,对食蟹猴脑出血模型脑组织损伤的修复作用。方法在脑定位仪定位下,通过自体血注入法制成食蟹猴脑出血模型,并将其随机分为高剂量治疗组、低剂量治疗组和模型组,分别在脑出血部位附近注入高、低密度的hMSCs和生理盐水。应用整体病理切片扫描、HE染色及免疫组织化学的方法观察hMSCs移植治疗食蟹猴脑出血4周和8周后脑损伤部位的病理变化。结果脑出血模型组可见脑出血损伤部位脑组织大面积变性坏死,多量吞噬含铁血黄素的泡沫细胞增生,周围少许肉芽组织增生伴局部纤维组织形成。hMSCs治疗组,整体切片扫描结果提示,与模型组相比,hMSCs低剂量及高剂量治疗组均可见脑组织变性坏死范围减小,且低剂量治疗组略好于高剂量治疗组;HE染色可见大脑注射部位局部脑组织变性坏死、吞噬含铁血黄素的泡沫细胞增生,周围肉芽组织增生伴局部纤维组织形成。免疫组化发现治疗组出血区内可见神经巢蛋白（Nestin）阳性细胞内散在分布,而在模型组中呈阴性表达。结论hMSCs可促进食蟹猴脑出血脑组织损伤的修复,且治疗效果可能与治疗剂量有一定相关性。     

人外周血单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的AFM研究

采用原子力显微镜与倒置显微镜在细胞层次上观察了人外周单个核细胞(PBMCs)与同种异源脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)共培养的过程,并在单细胞水平上分析了共培养前后人外周单个核细胞的形貌和生物物理性质。结果发现:共培养后贴壁人外周单个核细胞的形态发生了很大的改变,并且表面分布着大小不一的颗粒状聚合物。利用AFM高空间分辨的力位移曲线测量系统,发现共培养72h后培养上清中人外周单个核细胞、贴壁的人外周单个核细胞的粘滞力分别是单纯培养72h的人外周单个核细胞的2倍、5倍,而细胞的硬度分别是单纯培养人外周单个核细胞的1.5倍、2倍。CCK-8检测提示,共培养过程中,干细胞的生长与外周血单个核细胞的生长出现了竞争作用。通过AFM探测人外周单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的可视化数据,有助于更好地了解间充质干细胞与外周血单个核细胞的相互作用。     

人脐带间充质干细胞研究进展及应用前景

人脐带问充质干细胞（hUCMSC）是来源于发育早期中胚层和外胚层、存在于脐带沃顿胶和血管周围组织中的一类具有自我更新、增殖和多向分化潜能的干细胞。当前主要通过分离、扩增传代培养,然后超低温保存的方法提取保存hUCMSC。与其他来源的干细胞相比,hUCMSC具有来源广泛、可塑性强、对供者无不利影响、无伦理争论限制等优势,并且具有很强的向多组织分化的潜能,因此hUCMSC成为在组织工程、造血干细胞移植及基因治疗等研究领域具有巨大潜力的种子细胞,在临床应用方面有十分广阔的前景。     

骨髓间充质干细胞在脱细胞真皮基质再生过程中的初步研究

较大的腹壁缺损需要应用补片修复来缓解腹横筋膜的张力,人工合成补片的应用一定程度上实现了无张力修补的目的,但它在腹壁外科应用中有诸多的并发症,诸如复发率高,腹腔黏连,肠穿孔导致腹膜炎,侵袭性肠瘘等影响患者术后的正常生活,而脱细胞真皮基质(Acellular dermal matrix,ADM)作为一种新型的生物材料应用在腹壁外科中能解决上述人工合成补片所带来的并发症发挥强大作用且能与周围组织较好的融合,最后改建成宿主自身组织已并在多学科领域中广泛应用;骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)能参与组织自我修复,并能分化成为多种功能细胞,分泌各种生长因子,在ADM内源性转归过程中可发挥作用。本文就对骨髓间充质干细胞在ADM生物补片应用于临床疝修补术中转归机制的研究做一综述。     

间充质干细胞移植对放射性肠损伤修复作用的实验研究

探讨了人间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)移植对NOD/SCID小鼠放射性肠损伤的修复作用．将雄性NOD/SCID小鼠随机分为3组,每组6只,即A组为空白对照组,B组为模型组,C组为治疗组．B组和C组小鼠全腹接受5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线单次照射,剂量率为100 cGy/min．照射后B组小鼠经尾静脉注射生理盐水,C组小鼠移植MSCs．于移植后第15天取小鼠空肠标本,通过免疫荧光方法检测MSCs在受损肠道的定植和分化情况．结果表明,治疗组小鼠的生存状况明显好于模型组小鼠,病理切片显示小肠黏膜得到修复,免疫荧光结果显示MSCs可定植于辐射损伤的肠道,并表达波形蛋白(vimentin)和α-SMA．MSCs移植入肠损伤的小鼠体内后可在受损肠道定植,并向间质细胞分化,参与辐射损伤的修复.