尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血疗效观察

目的:尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血的临床疗效。方法:90例高血压脑出血患者随机分为实验组(45例)和对照组(45例),对照组仅采用常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上采用尼莫地平进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后的临床神经功能缺损评分、临床残疾评分以及血肿和水肿带体积改变。结果:实验组和对照组的治疗有效率为73.33%和42.22%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床神经功能缺损评分分别为(18.58±3.06)、(12.31±2.74)和(18.28±2.97)、(15.22±2.72),实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床残疾评分分别为(38.93±3.37)、(61.57±3.03)和(37.51±4.962)和(43.48±7.19),实验组和对照组治疗前、后的血肿体积分别为(17.23±5.48)cm3、(7.93±3.33)cm3和(17.60±5.46)cm3、(10.97±4.25)cm3,实验组和对照组治疗前、后的水肿带体积分别为(7.73±3.20)cm3、(4.21±1.60)cm3和(7.83±3.19)cm3和(5.67±1.82)cm3,所有患者治疗后各指标均优于治疗前,治疗后两组组间比较均有有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:尼莫地平能够明显的减少血肿体积和水肿带的体积,提高治疗的效果,减少脑出血患者发生神经功能缺损和残疾的可能。     

Inter- and intra-individual variations of heart rate variability in Japanese males

Spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) were repeatedly measured (4-8 measurements; mean: 6 measurements) in 75 healthy Japanese male subjects (age range: 20-61) under two postural conditions (standing and supine). Low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components and mean heart rate (HR) were analyzed with special reference to individual variations, which were classified into two types: inter- (interV) and intra-individual variations (intraV). The percent contributions and coefficients of variations were calculated for both interV and intraV. Percent contributions of intraV (intraV%) of HR with standing and supine postures were 15.8 and 12.9%, respectively. The intraV% of HF and LF on standing were 31.5 and 26.5%, while those in the supine posture were 27.8 and 35.5%, respectively. The coefficients of interV (interCV) and intraV (intraCV) were also calculated. The interCVs of HR, HF, and LF on standing were 14.9, 41.4, and 48.4%, while those in the supine posture registered 16.2, 42.9, and 44.2%, respectively. The intraCVs of HR, HF, and LF on standing were 5.0, 19.7, and 21.2%, while those in the supine posture indicated 4.7, 20.1, and 23.0%, respectively. We also calculated the interV and intraV of logarithmic-transformed HRV indexes. The log-transformation remarkably diminished both variables: interCV and intraCV registered 14-16 and 6-7%, respectively. Although interV variations were considerably large, intraV variations of HRV were negligibly small. The HRV indexes decreased with age, although HR remained unchanged. The coefficients of determination (r2) were 14-34%. In the case of log-transformed HRV indexes, the coefficients of determination registered 9-15%, suggesting that 14-34% (raw) or 9-15% (log) of the observed interV may be due to variations in age.     

Characterization of glycopeptides, aminoglycosides and macrolide resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospitals in Tehran

The prevalence of glycopeptides, aminoglycosides and erythromycin resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium was investigated. The susceptibility of 326 enterococcal hospital isolates to amikacin, kanamycin, netilmicin and tobramycin were determined using disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and erythromycin were determined by microbroth dilution method. The genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes described as AMEs genes, erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) and vancomycin-resistant were targeted by multiplex-PCR reaction. High level resistance (HLR) to gentamicin and streptomycin among enterococci isolates were 52% and 72% respectively. The most prevalent of AMEs genes were aac (6')-Ie aph (2") (63%) followed by aph (3')-IIIa (37%). The erythromycin resistance was 45% and 41% of isolates were positive for ermB gene. The ermA gene was found in 5% of isolates whereas the ermC gene was not detected in any isolates. The prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was 12% consisting of E. faecalis (6%) and E. faecium (22%) and all of them were VanA Phenotype. The results demonstrated that AMEs, erm and van genes are common in enterococci isolated in Tehran. Furthermore our results show an increase in the rate of vancomycin resistance among enterococci isolates in Iran.     

Role of growth hormone in modulating the constitutive and phenobarbital-induced levels of two P-450(6)beta (testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase) mRNAs in rat livers

The role of growth hormone in the expression of two forms of hepatic cytochrome P-450(P-450), P-450(6)beta-1(6 beta-3), and P-450(6)beta-4, was investigated using RNA blots. The level of P-450(6)beta-1(6 beta-3) mRNA was twenty times higher than that of P-450(6) beta-4 mRNAs in untreated male rat livers. The levels of P-450(6)beta-1(6 beta-3) and P-450(6)beta-4 mRNAs were increased two fold and three fold, respectively, by hypophysectomy of adult male rats. By intermittent injection of human growth hormone (hGH) into hypophysectomized male rats, both mRNAs were decreased to the level of normal rats, and almost disappeared after continuous infusion of hGH. In female rats, these two mRNAs were not detected, but were increased remarkably by hypophysectomy. The increases in these mRNAs were almost abolished after continuous infusion of hGH in hypophysectomized female rats. The effect of hGH on PB-mediated induction of P-450(6)beta-1(6 beta-3) and P-450(6)beta-4 mRNAs was also examined. The PB-mediated increases in P-450(6)beta-1(6 beta-3) and P-450(6)beta-4 mRNAs were higher in hypophysectomized male rats (2.5-fold and 10.9-fold, respectively) than in normal male rats (1.5-fold and 5.2-fold, respectively). Thus, the levels of P-450(6)beta-1(6-beta-3) and P-450(6)beta-4 mRNAs were 4.1-fold and 7.3-fold, respectively, higher in PB-induced hypophysectomized rats than in normal male rats. Concerning the postnatal developmental profiles, P-450(6)beta-1(6 beta-3) mRNA was detectable at neonate and reached a maximal level at around 17 days of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Path and ridge regression analysis of seed yield and seed yield components of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski) under field conditions

The correlations among seed yield components, and their direct and indirect effects on the seed yield (Z) of Russina wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski) were investigated. The seed yield components: fertile tillers m(-2) (Y(1)), spikelets per fertile tillers (Y(2)), florets per spikelet(-) (Y(3)), seed numbers per spikelet (Y(4)) and seed weight (Y(5)) were counted and the Z were determined in field experiments from 2003 to 2006 via big sample size. Y(1) was the most important seed yield component describing the Z and Y(2) was the least. The total direct effects of the Y(1), Y(3) and Y(5) to the Z were positive while Y(4) and Y(2) were weakly negative. The total effects (directs plus indirects) of the components were positively contributed to the Z by path analyses. The seed yield components Y(1), Y(2), Y(4) and Y(5) were significantly (P<0.001) correlated with the Z for 4 years totally, while in the individual years, Y(2) were not significant correlated with Y(3), Y(4) and Y(5) by Peason correlation analyses in the five components in the plant seed production. Therefore, selection for high seed yield through direct selection for large Y(1), Y(2) and Y(3) would be effective for breeding programs in grasses. Furthermore, it is the most important that, via ridge regression, a steady algorithm model between Z and the five yield components was founded, which can be closely estimated the seed yield via the components.     

Comparison of estrogen concentrations, estrone sulfatase and aromatase activities in normal, and in cancerous, human breast tissues

In the present study, the concentrations of estrone (E(1)), estradiol (E(2)) and their sulfates (E(1)S and E(2)S), as well as the sulfatase and aromatase activities, were evaluated in post-menopausal patients with breast cancer. Comparative studies of the evaluation of these parameters were carried out in (a) tumor tissue, (b) areas surrounding the tumor, and (c) areas distant from the tumor (glandular tissue) which were considered as normal tissue. The levels (in pm/g; mean +/- SEM) were: for E(1) in the (a) area: 320+/-95; in (b): 232+/-86; and in (c): 203+/-71; for E(2) in the (a) area: 388+/-106; in (b): 224+/-48; and in (c): 172+/-80; for E(1)S in the (a) area: 454+/-110; in (b): 259+/-90; and in (c): 237+/-65; for E(2)S in the (a) area:318+/-67; in (b): 261+/-72; and in (c): 232+/-75, respectively. The values of E(1)S and E(2) were significantly higher in the tumor tissue than in the area considered as normal. In all the tissues studied, the sulfatase activity was much higher than aromatase (130-200). In addition, the sulfatase levels were significantly higher in the peripheral and in the tumor tissue than in the area considered as normal. The levels of aromatase were significantly higher in tumoral than in normal tissue. The present data extend the "intracrine concept" for breast cancer tumors. The physiopathology and clinical significance as promoter parameters in breast cancer is to be explored.     

五种木兰科树种在南京地区冬春季节的光合特征

研究了自然分布于亚热带不同区域的5种木兰科常绿园林树种在南京地区的冬春季节光合作用和荧光变量的变化特征,并对影响净光合速率(P_n)的环境因子进行了灰色关联分析.结果表明:冬季5个树种的P_n和水分利用效率(WUE)日变化曲线与春季差异较大,P_n日积累值、表观量子效率(AQY)、羧化效率(CE)均低于春季或与春季相近,初始荧光(F_o)都显著高于春季,而PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_o)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、有效光化学效率(F_v′/F_m′)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)的总体趋势都低于春季.但供试树种间差异较大,其中主要分布于中亚热带(湘、赣、浙等地)的乐东拟单性木兰和阔瓣含笑在冬春季节的P_n日积分值、AQY、CE和光饱和点(LSP)均较高,光补偿点(LCP)较低, F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、Φ_PSⅡ、F_v′/F_m′、ETR和q_P也都较高,表明其光合效能优良、光强利用范围较广;而主要分布于南亚热带(滇、湘、桂等地)的红花木莲和峨眉含笑的冬季光合效能较差,上述荧光变量也较低.灰色关联分析表明,冬季影响树种净光合速率最大的因子是大气温度(T_a),其次为光合有效辐射(PAR).     

菠萝叶片绿色组织与贮水组织液泡膜ATPase和焦磷酸酶特性

研究了景天酸代谢 (CAM)植物菠萝叶片绿色组织与贮水组织液泡膜ATPase和焦磷酸酶 (PPase)特性。绿色组织有较高的ATPase和PPase活力。贮水组织 (绿色组织 )ATPase和PPase活力的最佳温度分别为 43和 49℃ (3 7和 46℃ )。当温度小于最佳温度时 ,ATPase和PPase活力随着温度的上升而上升 ;而当温度大于最佳温度时 ,ATPase和PPase活力随着温度的上升而下降。在 (1 0～ 46℃ ) 1 0～3 7℃的温度范围 ,绿色组织 (PPase)ATPase活力随着温度的上升而上升的速度大于贮水组织中(PPase)ATPase活力上升的速度 ,绿色组织有 (相对 )较高的ATPase和PPase活力 ;但在 (49～ 6 1℃ )43～ 5 5℃的温度范围 ,贮水组织中 (PPase)ATPase活力随着温度的上升而下降的速度小于绿色组织中(PPase)ATPase活力下降的速度 ,贮水组织有相对较高的ATPase和PPase活力。此外 ,贮水组织中这两种酶活力的热稳定性强于绿色组织中这两种酶活力的热稳定性。对这两种酶活力的最佳 pH和底物依赖性也进行了研究     

Chemical modification of chlorinated microbial polyesters

Chlorination of microbial polyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) was carried out by passing chlorine gas through their solutions. The chlorine contents in chlorinated PHB (PHB-Cl) and chlorinated PHO (PHO-Cl) were between 5.45 and 23.81 wt % and 28.09 and 39.09 wt %, respectively. Molecular weights of the chlorinated samples were in the range of between one-half to one-fourth of the original values because of hydrolysis during the chlorination process. Thermal properties of the PHO-Cl were dramatically changed with an increase in its glass transition (T(g) = 2 degrees C) and the melting transition (T(m)). The T(g) of PHB-Cl varied from -20 to 10 degrees C, and its T(m) decreased to 148 degrees C. The chlorinated poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHA-Cl) were converted to their corresponding quaternary ammonium salts (PHA-N(+)R(3)), sodium sulfate salts (PHA-S), and phenyl derivatives (PHA-Ph). Cross-linked polymers were also formed by a Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and PHA-Cl. The modified PHO derivatives were characterized by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.     

Amphiphilic model conetworks based on cross-linked star copolymers of benzyl methacrylate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: synthesis, characterization, and DNA adsorption studies

Six amphiphilic model conetworks of a new structure, that of cross-linked "in-out" star copolymers, were synthesized by the group transfer polymerization (GTP) of the hydrophobic monomer benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and the ionizable hydrophilic monomer 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in a one-pot preparation. The synthesis took place in tetrahydrofuran (THF) using tetrabutylammonium bibenzoate (TBABB) as the catalyst, 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-methyl-propene (MTS) as the initiator, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. Three heteroarm star-, two star block-, one statistical copolymer star-, and one homopolymer star-based networks were prepared. The synthesis of these star-based networks involved four to six steps, including the preparation of the linear (co)polymers, the "arm-first" and the "in-out" star copolymers, and finally the network. The precursors and the extractables were characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The degrees of swelling (DSs) of all the networks were measured in THF, while the aqueous DSs were measured as a function of pH. The DSs at low pH were higher than those at neutral or high pH because of the protonation of the DMAEMA units and were found to be dependent on the structure of the network. The DSs in THF were higher than those in neutral water and were independent of the structure. Finally, DNA adsorption studies onto the networks indicated that the DNA binding was governed by electrostatics.     

Allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the second exon of the myoglobin gene among the Japanese

The difference in the allele frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the second exon of the myoglobin gene between Japanese and other populations is reported. These SNPs are the substitutions of (A79G) and (T109C), and they were investigated by a single polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis followed by direct sequencing. The substitutions were always linked and two alleles were found in the samples used: the A-T allele with no substitution at positions (79A) and (109T) and the G-C allele with substitutions of (79G) and (109C). The frequencies of these alleles were 0.755 and 0.245, respectively, and they were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of alleles in the Japanese population was significantly different from that reported among whites, blacks, and Hispanics (p < 0.0001).     

N-linked glycan structures of human lactoferrin produced by transgenic rice

Human lactoferrin was produced in genetically engineered rice. N-linked glycan structures of recombinant human lactoferrin were determined. The oligosaccharides liberated by hydrazinolysis were labeled with 2-aminopyridine (PA). The PA-labeled glycans were purified by reverse-phase and size-fractionation HPLCs. The structures of these glycans were identified by HPLC, exoglycosidase digestion, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The glycan structures determined were ManFucXylGlcNAc(2) (3.4%), Man(2)FucGlcNAc(2) (2.1%), Man(3)FucGlcNAc(2) (2.5%), Man(3)FucXylGlcNAc(2) (42.5%), two isomers of Man(2)FucXylGlcNAc(2) (39.1%), Man(3)XylGlcNAc(2) (6.5%), and Man(2)XylGlcNAc(2) (3.9%).     

北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究一种-面积曲线的拟合与评价

 本文选择了10条曲线作为种—面积曲线的拟合模型,它们分别是 S=b+aA (1) S= b+alnA (2) S=(b+alnA)c (3) S=aln(A+1) (4) S=aln(bA+1) (5) S= aAb (6) S=aA/(1+bA) (7) S=c/(1+ae-bA) (8) S=c-ae-bA (9) S=a(1-e-bA) (10) 对其中的7个非线性模型给出了参数初值的计算方法,并用Gauss—Newton或Marquardt方法计算非线性最优解。又选择了剩余标准差(RSE)、相关指数(CRI)、偏差绝对值的平均值(AAD)和相对偏差绝对值的平均值(AARD)作为模型拟合优劣的4个评价指标。研究结果表明：1)7个非线性模型中参数初值的计算方法是可行的。从4个评价指标来看,它们的非线性最小二乘解都明显优于线性最小二乘解;2)10个模型的拟合效果都相当好,对5个样地及其各层拟合的共200个CRI中有71.5％大于0.9,89％大于0.8,其中曲线(3)和(9)最好,其次是(5)、(6)、(2),(1)和(10)最差;3)秩相关分析表明,3个评价指标RSE、AAD和AARD相互之间存在极强的正秩相关,因此在本研究中,它们的评价结果具很强的一致性。     

老年急性脑梗死患者血清CRP, FG, LP(a)变化研究

目的:探讨老年急性脑梗死患者检测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FG)及脂蛋白(a)(LP(a))的变化及意义。方法:选择2013年12月-2014年12月在我院就诊的年龄≥60岁的急性脑梗死患者90例作为实验组,根据中国脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准(NDS),分为轻型、中型和重型;根据病灶直径及Adama分型法分为腔隙性脑梗死、小梗死和大梗死,另外选择90例健康老人为对照组。测定所有受试者血清中的CRP、FG及LP(a)的水平,并比较它们在实验组与对照组、实验组不同严重程度和不同病变类型的患者中的差异。结果:实验组血清CRP、FG和LP(a)的水平高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);重型患者血清CRP、FG和LP(a)水平明显高于中型患者,中型患者显著高于轻型患者,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);大梗死患者血清CRP、FG和LP(a)水平明显高于小梗死患者,小梗死患者显著高于腔隙性梗死患者,且差异均有统计意义(P0.05)。结论:血清CRP、FG和LP(a)水平异常升高与老年急性脑梗死的发生发展密切相关。     

Comparison of binding interactions of lomefloxacin to serum albumin and serum transferrin by resonance light scattering and fluorescence quenching methods

The interaction between lomefloxacin (LMF) and two drug carrier proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and serum transferrin (TF), were studied and compared by fluorescence quenching, resonance light scattering (RLS), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic along with molecular modeling. Fluorescence data show that LMF has a stronger quenching effect on HSA than on TF. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were calculated as 6.00 x 10(5) M(-1) and 0.77 for HSA, and 4.66 x 10(5) M(-1) and 1.02, for TF, respectively. Also, these binding parameters were calculated by RLS data, as a novel approach and were compared to that obtained from fluorescence. The micro-environment changes of Trp residues were evident in both proteins. The quantitative analysis of the secondary structure in both proteins further confirmed the drug-induced conformational changes. The distance (r) between donors (HSA and TF) and acceptor (LMF) were obtained by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory and found to be 1.83 nm and 1.71 nm for HSA and TF respectively. Moreover, molecular modeling studies suggested the sub-domain IB in HSA and N-lobe in TF as the candidate place for the formation of the binding site of LMF on these proteins.     

孟鲁斯特钠咀嚼片在健康人体内药动学和生物等效性

目的:研究两种(仿制新药与市售)孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片在人体内生物等效性。方法:采用单中心、随机、开放、双周期自身交叉试验设计,20名健康男性志愿者分2周期分别口服受试制剂和参比制剂各10 mg,HPLC法测定血浆中孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片的浓度,用DAS2.1.1软件计算人体药动学参数并进行生物等效性评价。结果:受试制剂和参比制剂两药的主要药代动力学参数AUC0-t分别为(17.94±6.19)μg h/ml和(17.37±4.73)μg h/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(18.26±6.16)μg h/ml和(17.64±4.66)μg h/ml,Cmax分别为(5.58±1.95)μg/ml和(5.54±1.65)μg/ml,Tmax分别为(2.03±0.97)h和(1.93±0.69)h,t1/2分别为(1.20±0.17)h和(1.19±0.13)h。受试制剂的平均相对生物利用度为(101.5±6.56)%。结论:受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

中华鲟外周血细胞组成及形态观察

利用光镜和透射电镜技术对北京海洋馆养殖的40尾中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)(介于4—30龄以上, 包括野生、子一代和子二代共7个龄组)外周血细胞组成、大小、显微和超微结构进行研究。结果表明, 在外周血细胞中可区分出以下六类细胞。形态结果: 红细胞卵圆形, 胞质内可见少量线粒体; 淋巴细胞多圆形, 有明显伪足样或指状胞凸, 核质比大, 可明显分为大淋巴和小淋巴; 嗜中性粒细胞核型多样, 胞质细胞器丰富, 含有大小不等的特殊颗粒; 嗜酸性粒细胞多为规则圆形, 表面大量细小指状突起, 胞质细胞器丰富, 含有大量个体较大的嗜酸性颗粒; 单核细胞变形现象多, 胞质内大量空泡, 核型多样; 血栓细胞形状多样, 胞质内大量小的空泡, 散布或成团出现, 常见直接分裂现象。各类血细胞从大到小依次为: 单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、大淋巴细胞、红细胞、血栓细胞和小淋巴细胞, 各龄组间无显著差异。外周血红细胞总数(RBC)平均为(5.56±1.19)×108/mL, 18龄和11龄与其他龄组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05); 白细胞总数(WBC)平均为(16.53±4.94)×106/mL, 18龄与4龄间存在显著差异, 且分别与其他龄组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05); 血栓细胞总数(15.53±15.82)×106/mL。白细胞分类计数(DLC)中大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞所占百分比分别为: (5.26±3.95)%、(77.74±11.73)%、(9.40±7.98)%、(1.90±2.06)%、(5.50±4.00)%, >30龄和4龄间显著差异, 且分别与其他龄组间存在显著性差异( P<0.05)。结论认为中华鲟血细胞进化地位低, 免疫系统为淋巴细胞系为主, 主要包括淋巴细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞, 结果对中华鲟的健康评价与保育研究有重要的参考意义。     

Chemically enhanced phytoextraction of lead-contaminated soils

The effects of the combined application of soil fungicide (benomyl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on lead (Pb) phytoextraction by ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were examined. Twenty-five pots of Pb-contaminated soil (200 mg Pb kg(-1)) were seeded with ryegrass and randomly arranged into the following treatments: (1) Control, (2) benomyl, (3) EDTA, (4) benomyl and EDTA (B+E), and (5) benomyl followed by an application of EDTA 14 days later (B .. . E). Chemicals were applied when plants had reached maximum growth. Plants were analyzed for foliage Pb concentration using inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) spectrometry. The synergistic effects of the combined benomyl and EDTA application (treatments 4 and 5) were made evident by the significantly (p < 0.05) highest foliage Pb concentrations. However, the foliage dry biomass was significantly lowest for plants in treatments 4 and 5. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) and phytoextraction ratio (PR) were highest for plants in treatment 5 followed by plants in treatment 4.     

深圳市儿童社区获得性肺炎细菌病原学及其耐药性

目的研究儿童社区获得性肺炎细菌病原学及其耐药性特征,指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。方法对2006年2月至2007年3月1年期间住院的5岁及5岁以下社区获得性肺炎病人,进行深部呼吸道吸引物细菌培养,并且检测分离菌株对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果1441例病人中,722例检出细菌共761株,分离阳性率为50．1％,分离菌依次为肺炎克雷伯菌170株（22．3％）、大肠埃希菌130株（17．1％）、肺炎链球菌89株（11．7％）、金黄色葡萄球菌63株（8．3％）及流感和副流感嗜血杆菌60株（7．9％）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为15．9％;对青霉素不敏感的肺炎链球菌（包括PISP和PRSP）检出率为84．3％;肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、粘质沙雷菌和阴沟肠杆菌产ESBLs的检出率分别为31．2％、46．2％、94．8％和16．8％;流感嗜血杆菌和副流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率为36％和40％;铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼复合不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为10．7％和13．2％。结论在深圳儿童社区获得性肺炎的分离菌中,革兰阴性菌明显多于革兰阳性菌,分离菌依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及流感和副流感嗜血杆菌。分离细菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性较为严重。     

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isozymes I, II, IV, V and IX with complex fluorides, chlorides and cyanides

The inhibition of five human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, the cytosolic hCA I and II, the membrane-bound hCA IV, the mitochondrial hCA V and the tumour associated, transmembrane hCA IX, with complex anions incorporating fluoride, chloride and cyanide, as well as B(III), Si(IV), P(V), As(V), Al(III), Fe(II), Fe(III), Pd(II), Pt(II), Pt(IV), Cu(I), Ag(I), Au(I) and Nb(V) species has been investigated. Apparently, the most important factors influencing activity of these complexes are the nature of the central metal ion/element, and its charge. Geometry of these compounds appears to be less important, since both linear, tetrahedral, octahedral as well as pentagonal bipyramidal derivatives led to effective inhibitors. However, the five isozymes showed very different affinities for these anion inhibitors. The best hCA I inhibitors were cyanide, dicyanocuprate and dicyanoaurate (K(I)s in the range of 0.5-7.7 microM), whereas the least effective were fluoride and hexafluoroarsenate. The best hCA II inhibitors were cyanide, hexafluoroferrate and tetrachloroplatinate (K(I)s in the range of 0.02-0.51 mM), whereas the most ineffective ones were fluoride, hexafluoroaluminate and chloride. The best hCA IV inhibitors were dicyanocuprate (K(I) of 9.8 microM) and hexacyanoferrate(II) (K(I) of 10.0 microM), whereas the worst ones were tetrafluoroborate and hexafluoroaluminate (K(I)s in the range of 124-126 mM). The most effective hCA V inhibitors were cyanide, heptafluoroniobate and dicyanocuprate (K(I)s in the range of 0.015-0.79 mM), whereas the most ineffective ones were fluoride, chloride and tetrafluoroborate (K(I)s in the range of 143-241 mM). The best hCA IX inhibitors were on the other hand cyanide, heptafluoroniobate and dicyanoargentate (K(I)s in the range of 4 microM-0.33 mM), whereas the worst ones were hexacyanoferrate(III) and hexacyanoferrate(II).