卵巢激素对肺泡巨洚细胞趋化活性的影响

为探讨卵巢激素对非性器官肺脏的防御功能有无影响,本研究以肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）趋化活必来指标,观察了卵巢激素对成年雄性大鼠离体ＡＭ趋化活性的作用。结果显示：不良浓度的酵母多糖激活血清与ＡＭ在体外培养３．５ｈ,对ＡＭ趋化性有良好的线性关系。雌二醇能抑制ＡＭ的趋化活性,量效关系显著（ｒ＝－０．９２８０,Ｐ＜０．０１）;而孕酮则促进ＡＭ的趋化活性,亦具有剂量依从性（ｒ＝０．９９７５,Ｐ＜０．０１）．ｒｊｆ     

表皮生长因子对肺泡巨噬细胞趋化性的调控

采用测定趋化性的方法,观察了表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）和纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）对肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）趋化运动的影响。结果显示,ＥＧＦ能抑制ＡＭ的趋化性,量效关系显著（ｒ＝－０．９９１０,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＥＧＦ本身对ＡＭ并不表现趋化吸引作用。ＦＮ亦能抑制ＡＭ的趋化性（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＥＧＦ和ＦＮ两者协同作用时,对ＡＭ趋化性的抑制程度大于各自的单独作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。实验证明ＥＧＦ具有调节ＡＭ趋化运动的非促丝裂功能。提示肺内的细胞因子ＥＧＦ和细胞外基质成分ＦＮ参与肺部炎症及免疫反应的调控。     

底物膜技术检测精子顶体酶活性的研究

应用底物膜技术检测１３０例正常精液,精子顶体酶活性百分率的正常值下限为５７％。４５９例不孕症病人精液分析,无精症２５例,其余４３４例中７５％精子顶体酶活性正常。实验表明精子密度对数值与顶体酶活性百分率之间有正相关,ｒ＝０．８４（Ｐ＜０．０１）,回归方程为顶体酶活性百分率ｙ＝４８．４３％＋（８．９％）（ｌｏｇ精子计数）。活动精子百分率与顶体酶活性之间有密切正相关,ｒ＝０．９６７,（Ｐ＜０．０１）,顶体酶活性ｙ＝３８．６％＋０、３６ｘ％。前向活跃直线运动精子百分率与顶体酶活性之间也有密切相关．ｒ＝０．９６,（Ｐ＜０．０１）,顶体酶活性ｙ＝３４．２１％＋０．６１ｘ％。     

硒对培养人胚肝细胞Ⅲ型前胶原,羟脯氨酸合成的影响

原代培养人胚肝细胞经１．１５６×１０￣(－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硒预处理４ｈ,加入２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ四氟化碳作用２０ｈ,观察硒对其Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）和羟脯氨酸（Ｈｙｐ）生成的影响。结果培养液中ＰＣⅢ水平、细胞内Ｈｙｐ含量及细胞内外丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平均降低,与未加硒对照组比较差别有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而硒谷腕甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性则较对照组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）,且ＰＣⅢ水平与Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐ＿Ｘ／ＭＤＡ比值呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９１５６,Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示硒可提高Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐ＿Ｘ／ＭＤＡ比值,抑制脂质过氧化激发的肝细胞胶原合成。     

高原红细胞增多症患者红细胞二磷酸甘油酸和氧亲和力变化的探讨

在海拔４３００ｍ地区,对１８名移居汉族、２４名世居藏族和２１名高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者测定了２,３—二磷酸甘油酸（２,３—ＤＰＧ）和肺通气功能,并进行了血气分析。结果显示：ＨＡＰＣ患者的全血和红细胞内２,３—ＤＰ６浓度均显著高于健康组,但世居、移居健康组之间无明显差异。ＨＡＰＣ组的红细胞２,３—ＤＰＧ和Ｐｄｏ＿２呈显著负相关（ｒ＝—０．７７１,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在健康组无显著相关（ｒ＝—０．２６,Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＨＡＰＣ组与健康组相比,ｐＨ、Ｐａｏ＿２和Ｓａｏ＿２降低,Ｐａｃｏ＿２和肺泡动脉氧分压差增高。ＨＡＰＣ病人Ｐ＿（５０）为３．７５±０．６６ｋＰａ,健康组为３．４０±０．１２ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｐ＿（５０）与２,３－ＤＰＧ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５９２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＨＡＰＣ组最大呼气中段流量和５０％肺活量最大呼气量明显低于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本研究提示：①ＨＡＰＣ患者的低氧血症可能与血中２,３－ＤＰＧ浓度过高有关;②轻度肺功能异常亦可促使红细胞进一步增多。     

大鼠耐力运动后血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ与尿蛋白组分排泄的相关性研究

本实验测定了大鼠长时间游泳后即刻及恢复中尿中总蛋白（ＴＰ）、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）、β微球蛋白（β＿２－ｍＧ）排泄率及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）活性,分析了ＡⅡ与尿蛋白组分排泄率的相关性。结果表明：ＡⅡ活性与Ａｌｂ排泄率相关性较高（ｒ＝０．６６,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＡⅡ活性与ＴＰ、β＿２－ｍＧ排泄率相关性较低（ｒ＝０．４２,Ｐ＞０．０５;ｒ＝０．３４,Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＡⅡ活性在运动后尿蛋白产生机制中与大分子量的Ａｌｂ排泄有较直接关系,而与ＴＰ及小分子量的β＿２－ｍＧ排泄无明显直接关系。     

急非淋M_5型白血病单克隆抗体与柔红霉素偶合物的制备及体外细胞毒作用

用ＰＥＧ沉淀法及ＤＥＡＥ─Ｓｅｐｈａｃｅｌ离子交换层析和Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌｓ─３００凝胶层析提纯的抗急非淋Ｍ_５型白血病单克隆抗体ＩＡ_１（Ｍ_ｃＡｂ１Ａ_１）,纯度为９９．９％。用葡聚糖作中间体将Ｍ_ｃＡｂ_１Ａ_１与柔红霉素（ＤＮＲ）偶联,制备的免疫偶合物仍保持较好的抗体活性及药物活性。在４８小时杀伤实验中,此偶合物对Ｕ_（９３７）靶细胞的杀伤作用与游离ＤＮＲ相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）,明显大于对照偶合物（Ｐ＜０．０１）;在１小时预杀伤实验中,此偶合物对靶细胞的杀伤作用明显大于游离ＤＮＲ及对照偶合物（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在两个实验中,此偶合物对Ｗｉｓｈ非靶细胞的毒性都明显小于游离ＤＮＲ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;表明此偶合物在体外具有较好的选择性细胞毒作用。     

高原红细胞增多症患者红细胞二磷酸甘油酸和氧亲和力变…

在海拔４３００地区,对１８名移居汉族、２４名世居藏族和２１名高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者测定了２,３－二磷酸甘油酸（２,３－ＤＰＧ）和肺通气功能,并进行了血气分析。结果显示：ＨＡＰＣ患者的全血和红细胞内２,３－ＤＰＧ深度均显著高于健康组,但世居、移居健康组之间无明显差异。ＨＡＰＣ组的红细胞２,３－ＤＰＧ和Ｐａｏ２呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．７７１,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在健康组无显著相关（ｒ＝－０＼２     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATPase基因转录调节的影响

观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）对心肌肌浆网Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ基因（ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ）转录调节的影响,评价ＤＭＰ８１１对此效应的干预作用．６周龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分为３组,每组６只．组１：生理盐水输注;组２：ＡｎｇⅡ输注＋ＤＭＰ８１１管饲（３ｍｇ·ｄ－１·ｋｇ－１）;组３：ＡｎｇⅡ输注（２００ｎｇ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｋｇ－１．１周后称其体重,取心脏并称重,提取心脏总ＲＮＡ后采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ的方法检测ＳＥＲ－ＣＡ２ａ的转录水平,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＡｎｇⅡ１型受体（ＡＴ１）ｍＲＮＡ水平．实验后,组３心重（ＣＷ）、心重／体重（Ｃ／Ｂ）、ＡＴ１受体转录水平均高于组１（分别增加４．７±０．４％,４．９±０．９％和２４．７±３．５％;Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ基因转录水平显著低于组１（降低２０．１±３．０％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,并且ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａｍＲＮＡ水平与ＡＴ１受体ｍＲＮＡ水平呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）．ＡｎｇⅡ导致的上述改变能被ＤＭＰ８１１完全阻断．ＡｎｇⅡ通过其Ⅰ型受体的介导,诱导了ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ的转录下调     

大鼠耐力运动后血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ与尿蛋白组分排泄的相…

本实验测定了大鼠长时间游泳后即刻及恢复中尿中总蛋白（ＴＰ）、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）、β２微球蛋白（β２－ｍＧ）排泄率及血血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）活性,分析了ＡⅡ与尿蛋白组分排泄率的相关性。结果表明：ＡⅡ活性与Ａｌｂ排泄率相关性较高（ｒ＝０．６６,Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡⅡ活性与ＴＰ、β２－ｍＧ排泄率相关性较低（ｒ＝０．４２,Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示ＡⅡ活性在运动后尿蛋白产生机制中与大分子量Ａｌｂ排泄有较直接关系,而与     

糖皮质激素对肺泡巨噬细胞趋化活性的影响

采用测定肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)趋化性和AM产生中性粒细胞趋化因子的实验技术。观察到糖皮质激素体外直接作用于大鼠AM悬液或大鼠皮下注射7d都可抑制AM的趋化性,并且肺灌洗液中的AM数量明显减少;但注射3d组无上述效应。以糖皮质激素处理AM 16h可使AM产生的中性粒细胞趋化因子强度明显降低。结果表明糖皮质激素可抑制AM的趋化性和抑制AM产生中性粒细胞趋化因子。提示这可能是较长期应用糖皮质激素抑制免疫和炎症反应、降低肺部防御能力的部分机理。     

Effects of steroid hormones on five functional parameters of Tetrahymena: evolutionary conclusions

The unicellular Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied for chemotaxis, chemotactic selection, phagocytosis, growth and body shape changes in the presence of water soluble (beta-cyclodextrin-coupled) steroid hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone). Testosterone was chemoattractant over a wide range of concentrations, while progesterone and dexamethasone were active only at one concentration (10(-5) and 10(-6) mg ml(-1) respectively) and were either neutral or repellent at other concentrations. Hydrocortisone and estradiol were unambiguously chemorepellent. Chemotactic selection enhanced the effect of testosterone and estradiol, while in the case of hydrocortisone the action was reversed. The other parameters were mildly influenced by the steroid hormones. The results call attention to the fine molecular recognition capacity of Tetrahymena and to the possible rapid effects of steroid hormones at membrane receptors at a very low evolutionary eukaryotic level.     

日粮能量水平对奶牛生殖激素分泌的研究

选择发情周期为21天、产后9天~63天的第一胎中国荷斯坦奶牛24头,分为三组,设置三个能量水平,研究对奶牛生殖激素分泌的影响。结果表明:母牛的能量状况与促乳素的相关系数r=-0.9618(P<0.01),与生长激素的相关系数r=-0.7435,在能量负平衡阶段,能量状况与胰岛素值为负相关,在能量正平衡阶段,能量状况与胰岛素值为正相关。发情持续期前第7周的能量值与雌二醇浓度相关系数r=0.9675(P<0.01),与孕酮的相关系数r=-0.7129,黄体期前第7周和第8周的能量值与雌二醇的相关系数分别为0.8099和0.5775,与孕酮的相关系数分别为0.8263和0.6502,因此,在分娩前2周提高日粮能量水平,不仅会提高发情鉴定率,更能提高受胎率,对于高产奶牛,同时控制产后2周泌乳量,可有效缓解能量负平衡,达到提高发情鉴定率和受胎率的目的。     

壳聚糖薄膜成球培养对脐带间充质干细胞迁徙趋化的影响

基于细胞实验研究壳聚糖（chitosan,CS）薄膜成球培养技术对间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)迁徙趋化特性的影响。从脐带组织中分离原代MSCs采取CS成球法培养,以常规贴壁培养MSCs作为对照,72 h后收集两组细胞分别进行划痕实验、Tranthwell迁徙实验观察并拍照记录,RT-PCR方法检测两种培养方式中MSCs迁徙相关基因表达水平的差异。研究结果显示,相较常规贴壁培养方式,CS培养组MSCs体外迁徙趋化能力增强,差异具有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）;CS成球培养组MSCs 中CXCR4、CXCR7、MCP-1、MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-2等迁徙相关基因表达均明显上调（P<0.01）。实验表明CS成球培养可显著促进MSCs的迁移趋化特性。     

血管活性肠肽对支气管上皮细胞趋化迁移的影响及机制

为探讨肺内神经肽在气道损伤修复中的作用 ,采用blind wellBoydenchamber测定原代培养的支气管上皮细胞 (bronchialepithelialcells,BEC)趋化性 ,观察血管活性肠肽 (vasoactiveintestinalpeptide ,VIP)对BEC趋化迁移的影响及其机制 ,并测定经热应激后BEC分泌VIP及表达VIP受体 (vasoactiveintestinalpeptidereceptor,VIPR)的变化。结果显示 :(1)以胰岛素作为趋化因子所建立的BEC趋化性测定方法稳定 ,重现性好 (r =0 970 3,P <0 0 1) ;(2 )VIP (0 0 0 1～ 1μmol/L)均显示剂量依赖性地增强BEC的趋化迁移 ,其效应可被钙调蛋白阻断剂及蛋白激酶C阻断剂有效地抑制 (P <0 0 1) ;(3) 4 2℃、30min热应激后BEC分泌VIP (P <0 0 1)及表达VIPR明显增加 (P <0 0 5 )。实验表明 :肺内神经肽VIP可增强BEC的趋化迁移 ,其细胞内信号转导途径与钙调蛋白及蛋白激酶C有关。而热应激时VIP及VIPR的高表达进一步提示局部微环境的VIP可能是气道上皮损伤修复网络中的重要分子     

Effects of estradiol and progesterone on body composition, protein synthesis, and lipoprotein lipase in rats

Prior studies suggest that estradiol and progesterone regulate body composition in growing female rats. Because these studies did not consider the confounding effect of changes in food intake, it remains unclear whether ovarian hormones regulate body composition independently of their effects on food intake. We utilized a pair-feeding paradigm to examine the effects of these hormones on body composition. In addition, skeletal muscle protein fractional synthesis rate and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity were measured to examine pathways of substrate deposition into fat and fat-free tissue. Female Sprague-Dawley rats [pubertal: 7-8 wk old; 190 +/- 0.5 (SE) g] were separated into four groups: 1) sham-operated (S; n = 8), 2) ovariectomized plus placebo (OVX; n = 8), 3) ovariectomized plus estradiol (OVX+E; n = 8), and 4) ovariectomized plus progesterone (OVX+P; n = 8). All ovariectomized groups were pair-fed to the S group. Body composition was measured using total body electrical conductivity. The relative increase in fat-free mass was greater (P < 0.01) in the OVX group (31 +/- 2%) than in the S (17 +/- 2%), OVX+E (18 +/- 2%), and OVX+P (22 +/- 2%) groups. The fractional synthetic rates of gastrocnemius muscle protein paralleled changes in fat-free mass: OVX had a higher (P < 0.05) synthesis rate (21 +/- 3%/day) than S (12 +/- 2%/day), OVX+E (11 +/- 2%/day), and OVX+P (8 +/- 1%/day) groups. Body fat increased in the S group (31 +/- 7%; P < 0.01), whereas the OVX groups lost fat (OVX: -10 +/- 7%; OVX+E: -15 +/- 7%; OVX+P: -13 +/- 7%). No differences in lipoprotein lipase were found. Our results suggest that estradiol and progesterone may regulate the growth of fat and fat-free tissues in female rats. Moreover, ovarian hormones may influence skeletal muscle growth through their effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis.     

河蚌血细胞对细菌趋化移动的初步研究

采用改进的毛细管法 ,研究了圆背角无齿蚌 (Anodontawoodianapacifica)和三角帆蚌 (Hyriopsiscum ingii)两种淡水河蚌离体血细胞对两种水体中常见病原细菌的趋化移动作用 ,及血清对其的影响。结果显示 ,两种河蚌的离体血细胞对细菌都具有趋化移动作用 ,产生趋化移动的血细胞数量都显著高于无细菌的对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。在有血清时 ,血细胞对荧光极毛杆菌 (Pseudomonasfluorescens)的趋化移动活性略高于肠型点状气单孢菌 (Aeromonaspunctataf.intestinalis) ,圆背角无齿蚌离体血细胞的趋化移动能力显著高于三角帆蚌 (P <0 0 5 )。血清对河蚌离体血细胞的趋化移动作用有显著的促进作用 (P <0 0 5 )。     

Bovine model of reproductive aging: response to ovarian synchronization and superstimulation

The responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to steroid treatments for ovarian synchronization and the ovarian superstimulatory response to exogenous FSH was compared in 13-14 year old cows and their 1-4 year old young daughters. We tested the hypotheses that aging in cattle is associated with: (1) decreased follicular wave synchrony after estradiol and progesterone treatment; (2) delayed LH surge and ovulation in response to exogenous preovulatory estradiol treatment; (3) reduced superstimulatory response to exogenous FSH. Higher plasma FSH concentrations (P<0.01), and a tendency (P=0.07) for fewer 4-5 mm follicles at wave emergence were observed in old cows (n=10) than in young cows (n=9). The suppressive effect of estradiol/progesterone treatment on FSH was similar between old and young cows. Although the preovulatory LH surge in response to estradiol treatment was delayed in old than young cows (P=0.01), detected ovulation times were not different. No difference in ovarian superstimulatory response was detected between age groups, but old cows (n=8) tended (P=0.10) to have fewer large follicles (>or=9 mm) 12 h after last FSH treatment than in young cows (n=7). We concluded that pituitary and ovarian responsiveness to estradiol/progesterone synchronization treatment was similar between old and young cows, but aging was associated with a delayed preovulatory LH surge subsequent to estradiol treatment. Old cows tended to have fewer large follicles after superstimulatory treatment than young cows.     

Bovine model for the study of reproductive aging in women: follicular, luteal, and endocrine characteristics

At present, there is no well-characterized animal model to study the effects of aging on fertility in women. The objectives of the study were to characterize age-related changes in ovarian and endocrine functions in old cows and to investigate the validity of a bovine model for the study of human reproductive aging. We tested the hypotheses that aging in cattle is associated with 1) elevated concentrations of gonadotropins and reduced concentrations of steroid hormones in systemic circulation and 2) increased recruitment of ovarian follicles during wave emergence. Daily ultrasonography was performed in 13- to 14-yr-old cows (n = 10) and their 1- to 4-yr-old daughters (n = 9) for one interovulatory interval to study ovarian function. Plasma samples were obtained every 12 h for determination of FSH, LH, progesterone, and estradiol concentrations. Circulating FSH concentrations were higher (P = 0.009) during follicular waves in old cows than in their daughters, but the number of 4- to 5-mm follicles recruited into a wave was lower (P = 0.04) in old cows. Plasma LH concentrations did not differ between groups (P = 0.4), but the ovulatory follicle in two-wave cycles was smaller in old cows (P = 0.04). Plasma estradiol concentrations were higher (P = 0.01) in old cows, and luteal phase progesterone tended to be lower (P = 0.1). We conclude that these changes are consistent with those reported for women approaching menopause transition. Therefore, our results validate the use of the bovine model to study reproductive aging in women.     

A quantitative and qualitative study of blood monocytes in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma

Summary Absolute circulating number and functions of blood monocytes (i.e., pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis) were studied in 25 patients with untreated bronchogenic carcinoma and in 28 control subjects. The absolute circulating monocyte count was increased in 20 (80%) of the patients. There was no difference in the pinocytic and phagocytic activity of patient and control monocytes. In contrast, patient monocytes showed depressed chemotactic responsiveness. This defect was more severe in small cell anaplastic carcinoma than in the other histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma (P=0.001), and may explain the difference in macrophage infiltration seen in solid tumours of the lung. There was no correlation between chemotaxis and clinical stage. Depressed chemotaxis may be related to a plasma factor, since patient plasma inhibited the chemotaxis of control monocytes as well as the activity of chemotactic agents. The defective chemotaxis and the presence of plasma inhibitory activity may interfere with the ability of blood monocytes to accumulate as macrophages in tumour sites. Abbreviations used in this paper are: MCR, monocyte chemotactic response; SAC, small cell anaplastic bronchogenic carcinoma; OBC, non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma MEM, Eagle's minimal essential medium; CFI, chemotactic factor inhibitor(s); HSA, human serum albumin