Daxx的转录抑制及激活调控功能

Daxx定位细胞核PODs,可在转录调控中行使转录抑制或转录激活双重功能.Daxx通过转位、化学修饰、染色体调节、直接与转录因子或转录相关蛋白相互作用等多种方式发挥转录调控作用.其中,Daxx通过转位,转录后化学修饰,染色体调节,与转录因子或转录相关蛋白相互作用行使转录抑制功能,但相关研究表明Daxx同样可通过与相关因子相互作用激活转录,但具体作用机制尚不清楚.     

转基因动物中基因转移和表达的分子机制

本综述着重讨论在转基因动物中外源基因转移及表达的分子机制,包括外源基因在宿主染色体上整合的分子基础及其影响因素：启动子、内含子、增强子、反式作用因子及载体等各种因素对外源基因在宿主内表达的调节。     

染色体转位(Translocation)与癌症

许多种癌症是由染色体转位引起的。这是因为转位使原癌基因活化并过量表达,或是转位使基因融合。大部分已确认的转位都与免疫系统(免疫球蛋白和T细胞受体基因)本身固有的V(D)J重组有关。此外,外界因素,如电离辐射和某些化学药物等因素使DNA双链断裂,也可能导致染色体转位和癌变。了解染色体转位和癌变机制,对临床诊断和防治具有重要应用价值 。     

染色体转位（Translocation）与癌症

许多种癌症是由染色体转位引起的。这是因为转位使原癌基因少化并过量表达，或是转位使基因融合。大部分已确认的转位都与免疫系统（免疫球蛋白和Ｔ细胞受体基因）本身固有Ｖ（Ｄ）Ｊ重组有关。此外，外界因素，如电离辐射和某些化学药物等因素使ＤＮＡ双链断裂，也可能导致染色体转位和癌变。了解染色体转位和癌变机制对临床诊断和防治具有重要应用价值。     

重组微生物生理学

重组微生物生理学主要研究外源基因与宿主的相互作用以及细胞生理状态对这种相互作用的影响。宿主与外源基因的相互作用可发生在复制、分配、表达、代谢等各种水平,主要的分子机制为核酸-核酸、核酸-蛋白质的相互作用,一些小分子化合物可作为信号或效应子参与大分子的相互作用。重组微生物生理学研究主要包括下列三方面工作:1.噬菌体、质粒与宿主的相互作用以及基因工程菌中目的基因的复制、分配和表达规律。2.微生物响答系统的响答及适应的分子机制及其对外源基因调控的影响。3.细胞生长速率对宿主基因和外源基因调控的影响。这些工作融合了分子水平和细胞水平的研究,模糊了分子生物学和生理学的界限,成为基因工程的理论基础之一。美国微生物学会自1987年起把重组微生物生理学列为年会的一个独立专题。 外源基因与宿主的相互作用 噬菌体和质粒等染色体外基因与宿主基因处于一种依赖、互补和竞争的复杂关系。     

BMcCIintock的控制因子:目前在分子水平上的研究

在玉米中发现转位遗传因子是三十年前的事(McClintock,1951 a)。当时,B.McClintock证明:转位因子插入基因或从基因中切除能引起不稳定的突变。这些突变型中,有一些突变型基因表达的水平不同,这取决于基因组的其它地点转位因子存在与否,根据这些观察,McClintock不仅提出了转位遗传因子的见解,而且还提出了基因表达是可以调节的概念(控制因子,controlling elements)。     

HBx对感染细胞信号通路的调控及其与肝癌的发生

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）X基因及其编码的多功能蛋白HBx是乙型肝炎病毒基因转录所必需的作用因子。同时,HBx通过与宿主功能蛋白直接或间接地相互作用而调节多种蛋白的功能,参与调控多条细胞信号通路转导,激活多种转录因子,在肝细胞抗凋亡和引发肝癌的过程中起重要作用。     

转座子Tn917及其应用

利用转座子和整合载体发展了一系列技术,这些技术包括：（l）插入中断染色体基因,确定基因是否有功能;（2）在所感兴趣的基因近侧翼插入筛选标记和报告基因（reIX）rtergene）,使研究基因结构及转录调节方式等变得容易;（3）经改造的基因再导人染色体和通过重组把外源基因导人质粒、噬菌体及宿主菌的基因组,进行菌种改良。近年来,转座子Tngl7及其衍生载体被用于枯草杆菌（ffesilluSSSbrtlis,BS）或其它革兰氏阳性（G”）菌的染色体突变、基因转移等,并已成为改良菌种的一种新途径。ITngl7的发现和性质1979年TotheCh等l’啃先…     

鼠伤寒沙门菌的致病基因

在鼠伤寒沙门菌（鼠伤寒杆菌ＳＴＭ）与宿主相互作用过程中,有众多的致病基因参与。这些基因少数位于毒力相关的大质粒上,绝大多数位于染色体上的病力岛目前已发现了３种毒力岛（ＳＰＩ－１,ＳＰＩ－２,ＳＰＩ－３）和一些病力小岛,这些特殊基因构成了其致病性的分子基础。此外,它们还具有复杂,重叠的调节网络,可将环境信息传至调节蛋白,使基因表达随其感染宿主时动态环境的变化而变化。     

质粒RP4的一株杀宿主温度敏感突变体的研究

质粒是细菌染色体外的遗传因子。一般来说质粒的存在与否并不影响宿主细胞的正常生长。但是当宿主细胞存在某些缺陷时,质粒所带的某些基因可以代替宿主缺陷基因的功能,这一点很早就为F′的遗传学分析所说明。与此相反,已有一些报道表明,某些基因发生了突变的质粒,或者通过重组DNA技术所形成的某些杂种质粒(例如带生长激素释放抑制因子基因的杂种质粒PSOM 11-3),可以严重影响宿主细胞的生长,甚至杀死宿主细胞。因此质粒基因与宿主基因的相互关系的研究,不仅有助于进一步弄清原核生物基因的调控机制,也可以借此深入了解某些突变质粒或杂种质粒对宿主产生有害影响的原因。这在遗传工程上也是有一定价值的。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.