鼠伤寒沙门氏菌嘌呤生物合成调控研究

为研究16bp PUR box中8个完全保守的碱基中的2个碱基在与purR\++阻遏蛋白结合中的功能,对它们分别作了定点突变,使其分别从C,G突变为G,A。凝胶阻滞实验结果表明,含上述保守碱基突变的PUR box均不能与purR\++阻遏蛋白结合。证明这2个保守碱基对维持PUR box的功能是必须的,其中任一改变都导致PUR box功能的丧失。     

维生素B2产生菌原生质体诱变选育

Studies on preparation, regeneration and ultraviolet-mutagenesis of protoplasts of vitamin B2 producer Eremothecium aohbyii were reported. By using a complex enzyme system (0.5% snial digestase + 0.5% cellulase), a great number of protoplasts were obtained. Ultraviolet-mutagenesising positive mutation ratio is 14.29%. The HPLC analysis indicated that a lot of mutants were screened by using ultraviolet-mutagenesis mutation of protoplasts, Vitamin B2 produced by the mutant E3 increased 116.4%.     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌嘌呤生物合成调控研究：Ⅸ.PURbox的突变分析2

为研究１６ｂｐ ＰＵＲｂｏｓ中８个完全保守的碱基中的２个碱基与ｐｕｒＲ＾＋阻遏蛋白结合中的功能,对它们分别作了定点突变,使其分别从Ｃ,Ｇ突变为Ｇ,Ａ。凝胶阻滞实验结果表明,含上述保守碱基突变的ＰＵＲ ｂｏｘ均不能与ｐｕｒＲ＾＋阻遏蛋白结合。证明这２个保守碱基对维持ＰＵＲｂｏｘ的功能是必须的,其中任一改变都导致ＰＵＲｂｏｘ功能的丧失。     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌维生素B_2营养缺陷型的分离和初步遗传定位

通过在筛选培养基中补加超高浓度维生素B_2(Riboflavin)的方法(简称B_2),首次成功的诱变分离到21株独立的沙门氏菌'B_2营养缺陷型。B_2基因的转导分析结果表明,21株营养缺陷型可分为彼此不连锁的4个类群,这意味着B_2生物合成至少涉及4个结构基因。初步的遗传定位指出,2个基因位于沙门氏菌染色体遗传图的7'—22'区域,另2个分别位于22'—34'和61.5'—69'区域。     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌嘌呤生物合成调控研究IX.PUR box的突变分析2

为研究１６ｂｐ ＰＵＲｂｏｘ 中８ 个完全保守的碱基中的２ 个碱基在与ｐｕｒＲ＋ 阻遏蛋白结合中的功能,对它们分别作了定点突变,使其分别从Ｃ,Ｇ 突变为Ｇ,Ａ。凝胶阻滞实验结果表明,含上述保守碱基突变的ＰＵＲｂｏｘ 均不能与ｐｕｒＲ＋ 阻遏蛋白结合。证明这２ 个保守碱基对维持ＰＵＲｂｏｘ 的功能是必须的,其中任一改变都导致ＰＵＲｂｏｘ 功能的丧失。     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌嘌呤生物合成调控研究XI.PUR box的突变分析

为研究１６ｂｐ ＰＵＲ ｂｏｘ中除第３位的Ｇ与第１４位的Ｃ外,余下６个完全保守碱基的４个在与ＰｕｒＲ阻遏蛋白结合中的功能,对它们分别做了定点突变,使其分别从Ｃ、Ａ、Ａ和Ｔ突变为Ｇ、Ｇ、Ｇ和Ｃ。凝胶阻滞实验结果表明,含上述指定突变的：ＰＵＲｂｏｘ均不能与ＰｒｕＲ阻遏蛋白结合。由此证明,这４个保守碱基对维持ＰＵＲ ｂｏｘ的功能是必须的,其中任一改变都导致ＰＵＲｂｏｘ功能的夹失。     

疟原虫抗原B表位NKND在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白中的表达

疟原虫抗原Ｂ表位ＮＫＮＤ是由本课题组首先报道的一个新的疟疾抗原表位,它是存在于多种不同疟原虫分离株中的保守序列,以减毒沙门菌为载体制备口服活疫苗,方法简单,使用方便,其鞭毛蛋白有较强的免疫原性,有利于激发人体的细胞和体液免疫,人工合成８肽的实验中发现ＮＫＮＤＤ可增强ＮＫＮＤ相应抗体的亲和力,将人工合成的ＮＫＮＤＤ寡核苷酸片段插入鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白表达体系中,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ杂交鉴定,表达出具有     

嘌呤生物合成调控研究 V.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌无purJ的核苷酸序列证据

早期的遗传分析表明鼠伤寒沙门氏菌嘌呤核苷酸从头合成途径中AICAI Transformylase、IMP Cyclohydrolase和GAR合成酶分别由三个结构基因purJ、purH和purD编码。这三个结构基因构成一个操纵子,定位于遗传图90分钟”,2J。但最近对大肠杆菌这一操纵子的核苷酸序列测定及其编码产物的研究,发现在大肠杆菌中为上述三个酶编码的结构基因只有purH和purD,并不存在purJ结构基因。新近Chopra报道了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌位于purH内的EcoRI切点下游直至purD终止密码的核苷酸序列,同源性比较分析显示鼠伤寒沙门氏菌这部分序列分别与大肠杆菌的purH和purD有85％和88％的同源性。尽管如此,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中究竟有无purJ     

Regulation of Proline Degradation in Salmonella typhimurium

The pathway for proline degradation in Salmonella typhimurium appears to be identical to that found in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Delta(1)-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) is an intermediate in the pathway; its formation consumes molecular oxygen. Assays were devised for proline oxidase and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific P5C dehydrogenase activities. Both proline-degrading enzymes, proline oxidase and P5C dehydrogenase, are induced by proline and are subject to catabolite repression. Three types of mutants were isolated in which both enzymes are affected: constitutive mutants, mutants with reduced levels of enzyme activity, and mutants unable to produce either enzyme. Most of the mutants isolated for their lack of P5C dehydrogenase activity have a reduced level of proline oxidase activity. All the mutations are cotransducible. A genetic map of some of the mutations is presented. The actual effector of the pathway appears to be proline.     

Regulation of Homocysteine Biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium

The regulation of the homocysteine branch of the methionine biosynthetic pathway in Salmonella typhimurium has been reexamined with the aid of a new assay for the first enzyme. The activity of this enzyme is subject to synergistic feedback inhibition by methionine plus S-adenosylmethionine. The synthesis of all three enzymes of the pathway is regulated by noncoordinate repression. The enzymes are derepressed in metJ and metK regulatory mutants, suggesting the existence of regulatory elements common to all three. Experiments with a methionine/vitamin B(12) auxotroph (metE) grown in a chemostat on methionine or vitamin B(12) suggested that the first enzyme is more sensitive to repression by methionine derived from exogenous than from endogenous sources. metB and metC mutants grown on methionine in the chemostat did not show hypersensitivity to repression by exogenous methionine. Therefore, it appears that the metE chemostat findings are peculiar to the phenotype of this mutant; such evidence suggests a possible role for a functional methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine transmethylase in regulating the synthesis of the first enzyme. Thus there appear to be regulatory elements which are common to the repression of all three enzymes, as well as some that are unique to the first enzyme. The nature of the corepressor is not known, but it may be a derivative of S-adenosylmethionine. metJ and metK mutants of Salmonella have a normal capacity for S-adenosylmethionine synthesis but may be blocked in synthesis or utilization of a corepressor derived from it.     

Regulation of autoinducer production in Salmonella typhimurium

Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2 secretes an organic signalling molecule that can be assayed by its ability to activate one of two specific quorum-sensing systems in Vibrio harveyi. Maximal activity is produced during mid- to late exponential phase when S. typhimurium is grown in the presence of glucose or other preferred carbohydrates. The signal is degraded by the onset of stationary phase or when the carbohydrate is depleted from the medium. Presumably, quorum sensing in S. typhimurium is operational during periods of rapid, nutrient-rich growth. Protein synthesis is required for degradation of the activity, suggesting that a complex regulatory circuitry controls signal production and detection in S. typhimurium. Increased signalling activity is observed if, after growth in the presence of glucose, S. typhimurium is transferred to a high-osmolarity (0.4 M NaCl) or to a low-pH (pH 5.0) environment. Degradation of the signal is induced by conditions of low osmolarity (0.1 M NaCl). High osmolarity and low pH are two conditions encountered by S. typhimurium cells when they undergo the transition to a pathogenic existence inside a host organism, suggesting that quorum sensing may have a role in the regulation of virulence in S. typhimurium.     

Regulation of catalase synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium.

The specific activity of catalase in Salmonella typhimurium and other enteric bacteria decreased during the logarithmic phase of growth and increased at the onset and during the stationary phase. The increase in catalase synthesis at the end of the exponential phase in S. typhimurium cells coincided with the lowest pH value reached by the culture. Maintenance of the pH at a constant neutral value did not alter the typical pattern of synthesis in contradiction of the results previously reported (McCarthy and Hinshelwood. 1959). A sudden decrease in the pH value of an S. typhimurium culture during exponential growth by addition of HC1 did not cause an alteration in the catalase synthesis pattern. Addition of hydrogen peroxide to S. typhimurium cultures within the range 1 muM TO 2MM during the exponential growth phase stimulated catalase synthesis. The extent of catalase synthesis depended on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide; the maximum stimulation was observed at 80 muM. Increased catalase synthesis was not detected for 10 to 15 min after hydrogen peroxide addition. Hydrogen peroxide was produced by S. typhimurium cultures during the exponential and stationary growth phases. However, no direct relationship between hydrogen peroxide accumulation and synthesis of catalase was observed.     

Regulation of L-cystine transport in Salmonella typhimurium.

A kinetic analysis of L-cystine uptake in wild-type Salmonella typhimurium indicates the presence of at least two, and possibly three, separate transport systems. CTS-1 accounts for the majority of uptake at 20 muM L-cystine, with a Vmax of 9.5 nmol/min per mg and a Km of 2.0 muM; CTS-2 is a low-capacity, higher-affinity system with a Vmax of 0.22 nmol/min per mg and a Km of 0.05 muM; a third, nonsaturable process has been designated CTS-3. We find that wild-type CTS-1 levels are at least 11 times higher in sulfur-limited cells than in L-cystine-grown cells. Pleiotropic cysteine auxotrophs of the types cysE (lacking serine transacetylase) and cysB- (lacking a regulatory element of positive control) have very low levels of CTS-1 even when grown under conditions of sulfur limitation, which response is analogous to that previously observed for cysteine biosynthetic enzymes (N . M. Kredich, J. Biol. Chem. 246:3474-3484, 1971). CTS-1 is induced in cysE mutants by growth in the presence of O-acetyl-L-serine (the product of serine transacetylase), again paralleling the behavior of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway. Strain DW25, a prototrophic cysBc mutant, which is constitutive for cysteine biosynthesis, is also derepressed for CTS-1 when grown on L-cystine. Since CTS-1 is regulated by sulfur limitation, O-acetyl-L-serine, and the cysB gene product, the same three conditions controlling cysteine biosynthesis, we propose that this transport system is a part of the cysteine regulon.     

Regulation of N-acetylglutamate synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium.

N-Acetylglutamate synthase was purified to homogeneity from Salmonella typhimurium. The enzyme is subject to repression and feedback inhibition by arginine. Inhibition studies indicated that arginine exerts its effect primarily by reducing the affinity of the enzyme for glutamate.     

Regulation of serine transhydroxymethylase activity in Salmonella typhimurium

The regulation of serine transhydroxymethylase (EC 2.1.2.1.; l-serine:tetrahydrofolic-5,10-hydroxymethyltransferase) has been investigated in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Our results indicate that limitation of a methionine auxotroph for methionine does not cause derepression of this enzyme as reported for Escherichia coli. However, a sixfold decrease in specific activity was observed when S. typhimurium cells were grown in glucose minimal medium supplemented with serine, glycine, methionine, adenine, guanine, and thymine. None of these compounds added to the growth medium individually produced more than a 42% reduction of wild-type enzyme activity. This enhanced repression by the combination of compounds suggests a form of cumulative repression of this enzyme. Growth of serine and thymine auxotrophs, with the respective requirement of each limiting, did not result in increased enzyme activity. However, growth of a purine auxotroph with a limiting amount of either guanine or inosine resulted in a five- to sevenfold increase in enzyme activity. A second condition causing significant derepression (fourfold increase) above the levels observed with cells grown in minimal medium was the addition of 0.5 mug of trimethoprim per ml, an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase activity. (A partial report on this work was presented at 1974 meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.)