大肠杆菌外膜蛋白的分离及其双向电泳图谱的建立

本文利用温度诱导的两相分离萃取技术选择性分离未经机械破碎的大肠杆菌细胞外膜蛋白,研究TritonX.114的浓度及处理时间对提取外膜蛋白的影响.实验结果表明,Triton X-114的使用浓度和作用时间均显著影响外膜蛋白的提取效率.SDS-PAGE结果表明不同Triton X-114的使用浓度和作用时间只是影响了外膜蛋白的提取效率而对外膜蛋白提取的种类没有影响.实验发现8%的Triton X-114处理3小时为最佳分离条件,分离得到的样品可用于双向电泳分析.通过对比实验发现样品裂解液中包含低浓度的Tris是外膜蛋白双向电泳成功的关键因素,CHAPS与ASB-14或NP-40结合使用可显著提高外膜蛋白的溶解能力,缩短聚焦时间,从而优化了大肠杆茵外膜蛋白双向电泳技术体系,建立了其双向电泳图谱.     

红茶菌抗菌蛋白提取与纯化

红茶菌液经过滤、离心、减压浓缩 ,丙酮加盐沉淀 ,Sephadex G-50柱层析后 ,得到两个分子量部分 ,其中小分子量部分有抗菌活性 ,采用尿素— SDS—PAGE测定抗菌蛋白分子量未获成功     

种子中Puroindoline蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析

Puroindolne蛋白是小麦中特殊的Triton X-114可溶性蛋白质,对小麦籽粒硬度有着决定性的影响.从二倍体、六倍体小麦材料及小麦近缘种粗山羊草成熟种子中提取Puroindoline蛋白,就对该蛋白的SDS-PAGE及染色条件进行了优化和讨论,建立了浓缩胶T(凝胶浓度)为4、C(交联度)为2.6、电泳电压为128 V;分离胶T为13.5、C为2.6、电泳电压240 V,分离胶电泳时间1.5 h的结果稳定且重复性好的优化的SDS-PAGE条件.同时为降低电泳染色的实验成本,简化实验步骤,用蓝染法代替常用的银染法,并获得了良好的效果,为小麦中Puroindoline蛋白质的进一步研究奠定了实验基础.     

一种快速纯化蛋白的电洗脱方法

以TB24kDa蛋白为例介绍了一种快速纯化蛋白的电洗脱方法。根据作者实验室先前建立的提取苦荞种子蛋白的方法制备TB324kDa蛋白粗提物,利用阴离子交换层析和改进的电泳洗脱方法对其进行纯化。结果显示：经改进的电洗脱纯化,1mg粗蛋白町以回收得到150μg左右的目的蛋白,同收率为15．32％,纯化效果较理想。     

土壤微生物的分离、提取与纯化研究进展

综合评述了土壤微生物提取与纯化研究的最新进展及存在的主要问题。土壤微生物的分离提取过程一般分为土壤分散、提取与纯化3个步骤。采用过滤、离心和淘选3种方法可以成功地分离提取大部分土壤细菌;但土壤真菌的提取则相对较为困难,目前可采用的方法有旋转框技术、液相提取与滤膜检测、以及低速离心技术,这些方法可提取出部分真菌菌丝。两相分离技术可用以提取的土壤微生物进行纯化。     

藻胆蛋白质的提取纯化与生物活性研究进展

藻胆蛋白的提取原料主要来自于红藻和蓝藻;细胞破碎的方法主要有反复冻融法、化学试剂处理法等5种方法;提取的方法主要有盐析法等3种;分离纯化的方法主要有层析法等3种;藻胆蛋白其生物活性主要表现在:抗肿瘤活性、抗病毒活性、抗氧化和消炎活性,提高免疫活性。     

淀粉样蛋白纯化方法的研究进展

淀粉样纤维是一种富含β折叠的高度有序的由淀粉样蛋白前体聚集而成的蛋白聚集体.由于淀粉样蛋白较普通蛋白具有不稳定、易于聚集的特性,此类蛋白的表达和纯化与常规方法有较明显的差别,主要体现在更为严格的技术和过程要求.基于近年来淀粉样蛋白分离纯化技术领域取得的进展,并结合作者的相关研究,总结淀粉样蛋白的分析和制样方法,为淀粉样蛋白沉积疾病的分子机理研究提供理论依据和技术支撑.     

黑木耳多糖的提取与纯化

黑木耳干子实体经复合酶解结合热水浸提法提取,超过滤,鞣酸法去蛋白,DEAE-52和Sephacryl S-400分子筛柱层析纯化得到精美糖(AAP1)。其含糖量为89．5％。经薄板层析得到单一斑点,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳得到单一区带,表明为分子大小均一的单一组分多糖。     

一步柱层析纯化螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白

采用硫酸铵盐析结合疏水层析技术分离纯化螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白.试验结果表明,在磷酸盐缓冲体系下藻蓝蛋白粗提液经1.25 mol/L硫酸铵盐析处理后离心脱气,只需采用一步Macro-Prep Methyl 疏水层析,藻蓝蛋白的纯度（A620/A280）可提高到4.017,回收率为19.38%.特征吸收峰和荧光光谱证实纯化后的产物符合藻蓝蛋白的性质,Native-PAGE电泳只出现单一染色带,表明纯化得到的藻蓝蛋白是均一的;SDS-PAGE电泳出现分子量为15.4 kDa、17.3 kDa的2条染色带,分别为藻蓝蛋白的α亚基与β亚基.     

结核分枝杆菌来源翻译延伸因子EF-G的蛋白纯化、表征分析及蛋白晶体学研究

目前,结核分枝杆菌来源翻译延伸因子EF-G的作用机理已有较明确的研究,但其晶体结构和催化中心尚不清楚.对结核分枝杆菌来源EF-G进行了蛋白纯化、表征分析和蛋白晶体学研究.通过层析技术成功地从大肠杆菌中获得高纯度结核分枝杆菌来源EF-G.采用悬滴扩散法获得EF-G蛋白晶体,优化得到分辨率为0.383 nm的X-射线衍射数...     

以Triton X-114液相分离法去除质粒溶液中的内毒素

目的：采用TritonX-114液相分离法去除质粒溶液中的内毒素,以保证实验动物的安全和结果的准确性。方法：通过碱裂解法提取质粒pVAX1和pVAX1-hLDHC,用聚乙二醇6000沉淀对质粒进一步纯化;用TritonX-114抽提的方法,去除质粒溶液中的内毒素。结果：通过3轮TritonX-114抽提,能够将质粒溶液中内毒素水平降至1．95EU／mL,质粒样品的回收率为79．8％,质量保持不变。结论：TritonX-114液相分离法是一种非常有效的去除质粒溶液中内毒素的方法。     

Removal of endotoxin in the purification of histone H1.5 from Escherichia coli

Triton X-114 and cation-exchange chromatography, SP-Sepharose FF, removed endotoxins from solutions containing recombinant histone H1.5. Dissociated endotoxins were removed but fractions containing histone H1.5 were enhanced in the elution step. The final concentration of endotoxins, measured by a limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, was below 0.05 EU mg^–1 histone H1.5. The recovery of protein was above 95%.     

Serodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis using antigenic components of Taenia solium metacestodes derived from the unbound fraction from jacalin affinity chromatography

The aim of the present study was to analyse Taenia solium metacestode antigens that were derived from the unbound fraction of jacalin affinity chromatography and subsequent tert-octylphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) ethanol Triton X-114 (TX-114) partitioning in the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis (NCC). Immunoassays were designed to detect T. solium-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA and immunoblot. Serum samples were collected from 132 individuals who were categorised as follows: 40 had NCC, 62 presented Taenia spp or other parasitic diseases and 30 were healthy individuals. The jacalin-unbound (J_unbound) fraction presented higher sensitivity and specificity rates than the jacalin-bound fraction and only this fraction was subjected to subsequent TX-114 partitioning, resulting in detergent (DJ_unbound) and aqueous (AJ_unbound) fractions. The ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 84.8% for J_unbound, 92.5% and 93.5% for DJ_unboundand 82.5% and 82.6% for AJ_unbound. By immunoblot, the DJ_unboundfraction showed 100% sensitivity and specificity and only serum samples from patients with NCC recognised the 50-70 kDa T. solium-specific components. We conclude that the DJ_unboundfraction can serve as a useful tool for the differential immunodiagnosis of NCC by immunoblot.     

Distribution of platelet glycoproteins and phosphoproteins in hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases in triton Triton-114 phase partition

Platelets, either unlabelled, surface-labelled by the periodate NaB³H₄ method or metabolically labelled with ³²P were solubilized in Triton X-114 and partitioned into aqueous and detergent phases. The phases were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver-staining, fluorography or indirect autoradiography. Each of the phases contains a distinct set of proteins. The surface-labelled glycoproteins partition into the hydrophobic phase with the notable exceptions of glycoproteins Ib and GP₁₇^5.8–6.5 and minor amounts of a few others. The phosphoproteins which undergo increased phosphorylation on platelet activation in general separate in the hydrophobic phase, while higher molecular weight phosphoproteins were principally in the hydrophilic phase. This method might be used as a first step in purifying many platelet components.     

宁夏枸杞叶总黄酮提取和纯化方法的优化

采用L9(3⁴)正交设计,以黄酮含量为指标,确定的宁夏枸杞叶总黄酮的最佳超声提取方法为: 30倍70%乙醇超声提取50 min,超声功率为250 W;纯化方法条件为: 5倍柱体积70%乙醇洗脱,浓度为4 mg/mL、pH值5.0的上样液,上样速度和洗脱流速均为1 mL/min。并以吸附率、解吸率、回收率等作为考察参数,对提取和纯化方法进行了验证。实验结果表明,该方法简便节时、易操作且毒害小,各项变异系数低。     

Triton X-114-aided purification of latent tyrosinase

Mushroom tyrosinase was partially purified using an aqueous two-phase system with Triton X-114. The purification achieved was 5.5-fold from a crude extract of mushroom pileus, with a high recovery of 84%. The phenols were reduced to 8% of the original content, avoiding pre- and post-purification tanning of the enzyme. The enzyme obtained was latent and was activated 3-fold by trypsin, 2.7-fold by changes in the pH and to different extents by cationic and anionic detergents, the latter being the more effective. There was also a synergistic effect between trypsin and detergent, at low detergent concentrations. When kinetically characterized, latent enzyme showed both monophenolase and diphenolase activities, the latter activity displaying an unexpected lag period before reaching the steady-state rate. This behaviour is characteristic of a hysteretic enzyme, and has not been previously described for this enzyme. In addition, inhibition studies with substrate analogues were carried out, tropolone being found to be the most effective inhibitor.     

槲寄生中多肽B6的分离纯化和一级结构测定

采用离子交换、凝胶过滤、HPLC等提取、分离、纯化方法,从我国东北产槲寄生中得到第二种新成分槲寄生毒素B6。Edman降解结合质谱技术测定其一级结构为KSCCPNTTGRNIYNTCRFAGASRERCAKLSGCKIISASTCPSDYPK。进化分析说明该成分与白果槲寄生中的槲寄生毒素同源性很高,亲缘关系较近。同源模建表明B6是一种高α-螺旋的多肽。     

Purification and Characterization of Neuron-Specific Surface Antigen Defined by Monoclonal Antibody BM88

Monoclonal antibody BM88 recognizes a neurospecific surface antigen in the CNS and the PNS. In the present study, the antigen recognized by BM88 was immunopurified from pig brain and shown to be a 22-kDa polypeptide by reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under nonreducing conditions a protein of 40 kDa was obtained, a result indicating that the antigen is composed of two polypeptide chains of equal molecular weight linked by disulfide bridges. Gel filtration of the purified antigen in the presence of Emulphogene suggested that it may be either a monomeric or a dimeric protein. However, in the presence of Triton X-100 a monomeric structure was implied. N-Glycanase digestion indicated that the protein is probably not glycosylated. The purified antigen was characterized as an integral membrane protein by hydrophobic chromatography and phase-separation experiments with Triton X-114. The antigen, or at least the antibody binding region of the molecule, is very susceptible to protease attack, as judged by protease digestion experiments on brain membranes. By using very low concentrations of papain combined with short incubation times, the antigen was converted to a 16.3-kDa membrane-associated polypeptide as assessed by immunoblotting. This polypeptide contained the BM88 binding epitope. Soluble BM88 immunoreactive polypeptides were not obtained. Bacillus cereus phospholipase C was also unable to solubilize the antigen from the membrane. Our results suggest that the molecule, possessing at least one small extramembranous domain, is attached to the membrane via a polypeptide chain.