家兔肋胸膜淋巴孔的发现

为了研究成年家兔肋胸膜淋巴孔的超微结构与三维构形 ,作者应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对成年家兔肋胸膜淋巴孔进行观察 ,用计算机图像处理系统对胸膜淋巴孔作图像数据化处理 ;NaOH溶液消化间皮细胞 ,裸露间皮下结缔组织和筛斑 (maculacribriform)。发现肋胸膜立方形间皮细胞 (cuboidalmesothelialcell)之间有圆形或椭圆形的胸膜淋巴孔 (pleurallymphaticstomata) ,其平均面积和平均密度分别为 :7 2 0± 3 6 9μm2 和 1 2 1±0 72个 / 0 0 1mm2 。扁平形间皮细胞表面未见淋巴孔。胸膜淋巴孔籍胸膜下小管与毛细淋巴管相通。仅在立方形间皮下结缔组织中发现有筛斑。肋胸膜上还可见闭合淋巴孔 (closedlymphaticstomata)和由巨噬细胞组成的乳斑 (milkyspot)。覆盖在肋骨上的胸膜无淋巴孔分布。家兔胸膜淋巴孔通过胸膜下小管与淋巴管直接相连 ,形成从胸膜腔至脉管系的惟一直接通路。     

腹膜淋巴孔与淋巴转归NO-cGMP-Ca2+信号转导途径研究

为研究一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)调节大鼠腹膜淋巴孔和淋巴吸收的细胞内信号转导机制,在体外培养的间皮细胞上,利用cGMP检测试剂盒和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜,研究NO对间皮细胞内cGMP和游离钙离子浓度(Ca^2 )的影响;并利用动物实验研究NO-cGMP-Ca^2 通路对大鼠腹膜淋巴孔和淋巴吸收的影响。结果发现：(1)与对照组相比,NO供体Sper NO （spermine／nitric oxide complex)可以剂量依赖性地升高间皮细胞内cGMP的浓度(P＜0．01)。此作用可被可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(soluble guanylyl cyclase,sGC)特异性抑制剂1H-[1,2,4]噁二唑[4．3-a]喹喔啉-1-one酮(1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one,ODQ)阻断(P＜0．05,P＜0．01)。Sper／NO可使间皮细胞内[Ca^2 ],相对水平降低(P＜0．05),但此效应可被ODQ阻断;L-型电压依赖性钙通道阻滞剂nifedipine,可使细胞内的[Ca^2 ];在短时间内迅速明显下降(P＜0．05),达平衡后再加入Sper／NO并不能引起[Ca^2 ];的进一步改变(P＞0．05);(2)NO可以剂量依赖性地提高大鼠膈组织淋巴孔最大分布面积(P＜0．01)和对示踪剂的吸收量(P＜0．05),ODQ可明显抑制NO引起的淋巴孔和淋巴吸收的改变(P＜0．01)。该结果首次发现nifedipine能显著增加淋巴孔最大分布面积(P＜0．01)及膈组织对台盼蓝的吸收量(P＜O．05),而且nifedipine预处理后Sper／NO并不能使淋巴孔的淋巴吸收进一步升高(P＞0．05)。结果提示,NO可以通过降低cGMP水平降低大鼠腹膜间皮[Ca^2 ],且此过程和L-型电压依赖性钙通道有关;NO可通过NO-cGMP-[Ca^2 ],通路,促进淋巴孔的开放和吸收。     

小鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔的超微结构及其吸收功能

为研究小鼠卵巢囊及卵巢囊淋巴孔的超微结构 ,探讨其吸收功能 ,本实验用常规扫描电镜和透射电镜观察小鼠卵巢囊组织 ,应用Elscope软件对卵巢囊淋巴孔进行定量处理。并通过曲利本蓝吸收实验 ,测定其吸收功能。本实验首次发现小鼠卵巢囊上皮的立方细胞和扁平细胞之间存在淋巴孔 ,淋巴孔直径为 3 6 12± 1 132μm ,周长为 10 86 2± 3 4 15 μm。同时也发现小鼠卵巢囊上存在闭合淋巴孔。小鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔能吸收曲利本蓝 ,并随着时间的延长 ,曲利本蓝吸收增多。本实验的结果提示 :小鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔的大小、分布都与金仓鼠、豚鼠的卵巢囊淋巴孔有一定的差异 ,其淋巴孔的物质吸收功能具有时间依赖性。同时 ,闭合淋巴孔的发现表明淋巴孔的可调控性。卵巢囊淋巴孔使卵巢囊腔、卵巢囊淋巴系和腹膜腔沟通 ,在维持卵巢正常发育所需的体液环境方面发挥了重要作用     

蛙心包淋巴孔的发现

首次报道蛙心包淋巴孔 ,揭示心包腔淋巴转归途径。本实验应用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察心包淋巴孔的超微结构 ,并使用计算机图象处理技术对淋巴孔作定量分析。结果发现 ,正常蛙心包腔面有一些散在分布的心包淋巴孔和少量淋巴窦。构成淋巴孔的间皮细胞常出现粗大的胞质突起 ,伸入淋巴孔 ,形成瓣膜状结构。淋巴孔的平均直径为 0 72±0 33μm ,平均分布密度是 3 57± 2 0 7个 /0 0 1mm2 ;心包间皮淋巴窦的面积是 995 0 8±2 2 1 74μm2 /0 0 1mm2 。蛙心肌无血管 ,其血供仅由心腔内血液直接进入心肌的小梁间隙。心包脏层未发现有淋巴孔。结果表明 :间皮淋巴窦是心包膜正常“漏出”的形态依据。心包淋巴孔的发现 ,证明心包腔淋巴引流途径的存在。淋巴引流对于心肌组织间液的平衡 ,清除组织间液蛋白质 ,防止心肌间质水肿 ,有重要意义     

一氧化氮对雌性大鼠生殖轴调控作用的研究

应用细胞培养技术和放射免疫测定法,探讨外源性一氧化氮（NO）对大鼠下丘脑-腺垂体-卵巢轴的调控作用。取体重210g左右健康雌性SD大鼠的下丘脑、腺垂体及卵巢组织,制成单细胞悬液进行原代培养;24h后,按下列实验分组顺序,在培养液中加入硝普钠（SNP）,使其终浓度分别为1×10^-3 mol·L^-1（SNP1）、5×10^-3 mol·L^-1（SNP2）,     

大鼠中枢神经系统一氧化氮对电针镇痛作用影响的研究

中枢神经系统一氧化氮 (ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ,ＮＯ)在痛和痛觉调制过程中的作用及其机制 ,受到国内外广泛关注 ,积累了大量的实验资料。但迄今为止 ,电针 (ＥＡ)镇痛时中枢神经系统ＮＯ的作用及其机制尚不清楚。本工作电针大鼠双侧“足三里”穴 ,观察向大鼠侧脑室微量注射ＮＯ前体和供体物质、一氧化氮合酶 (ＮＯＳ)抑制剂以及血红蛋白 (Ｈｂ)、亚甲基蓝 (ＭＢ)等 ,对大鼠痛和电针镇痛作用的影响 ,试图探讨ＮＯ在中枢神经系统痛觉调制和针刺 (电针 )镇痛过程中的作用及其机制。1　材料与方法健康Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠 ,雌雄不拘 ,体重 2 10～…     

妊娠和激素干预对豚鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔的影响

In order to study the influence of pregnancy and hormone on the lymphatic stomata of guinea pig's ovary bursa, the lymphatic stomata of ovary bursa were observed during pregnancy and by using exogenous hormone, including serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to promote ovulation and androgen to inhibit the ovary. Then the lymphatic stomata in the inner layer of ovary bursa and their absorption functions were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and trypan blue as a tracer respectively. The lymphatic stomata were also counted by the Elescope computer image processing system. We found that the quantity of tracer absorbed by the lymphatic stomata of ovary bursa in pregnant group was more than that in ovulation-promoted group, and least in the androgen-treated group, which had statistical significance between each couples of them (P < 0.05). The opening area of the lymphatic stomata in pregnant, ovulation-promoted and androgen-treated groups were 189.9 +/- 48.7 micron 2/1000 micron 2, 104.4 +/- 31.2 micron 2/1000 micron 2 and 40.5 +/- 18.7 micron 2/1000 micron 2 respectively, which had remarkable statistical difference between each couples (P < 0.01). Under SEM observation, the secretory granules in ciliated columnar epithelium were less in pregnant group than the other two, while both the secretory granules and the cilium were most active in ovulation-promoted group. The results indicated that both the openings and absorption functions of the lymphatic stomata in guinea pig's ovary bursa could be affected by pregnancy and exogenous homone. There existed relationship between ovary function and the regulation of the lymphatic stomata in ovary bursa.     

豚鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔的发现及卵巢囊超微结构研究

In order to explore its structure and speciality of species, the ovary bursa of guinea pig was studied by using dissecting microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, the lymphatic stomata on both internal and external layer of the ovary bursa was frist reported in guinea pig. The results suggested that the stomata in bursa not only provided a pathway to connect the bursal cavity with the lymphatic vessels of bursa and the peritoneal cavity, but also may be involved in the reproduction and local immunity of the ovary. The stomata may play an important role in physiological function of the ovary. At the same time, the structural differences were identified in ovary bursa between guinea pig and golden hamster.     

豚鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔的发现及卵巢囊超微结构研究

本实验通过扫描电镜等方法研究豚鼠卵巢囊及卵巢囊淋巴孔的结构,并探讨了卵巢囊及其淋巴孔的种属差异.实验结果首次报道豚鼠卵巢囊内、外层上皮均存在淋巴孔;豚鼠卵巢囊结构在输卵管走行、囊闭合程度及囊表面超微结构等方面与金仓鼠存在差异.结果提示豚鼠卵巢囊内、外层淋巴孔是沟通卵巢囊腔、卵巢囊淋巴系及腹膜腔的形态基础,可能是三者间物质转运的重要途径.卵巢囊淋巴孔可能影响物种的繁殖并参与囊腔内局部免疫反应.卵巢囊结构和发育程度与对应的输卵管伞端等结构及其他生殖特点相适应,研究结果丰富了生殖形态学和比较解剖学资料.     

甲醛炎性痛增强大鼠海马NOS表达和NO生成

目的：观察甲醛炎性痛过程中大鼠痛行为、海马一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性及一氧化氮（NO）含量的变化以及变化的时程及区域特征。方法：采用辐射热甩尾法测定大鼠痛阈变化;采用NADPH—d组织化学法和硝酸还原酶法分别测定大鼠海马NOS表达和No含量。结果：皮下注射甲醛溶液后,大鼠出现伤害性感受反应及痛阈降低。注射甲醛后6h,海马CA1、CA2～3区及DG区NOS阳性细胞数目、阳性细胞染色深度均显著增加。海马NO含量亦显著增加;注射甲醛后12h时这些改变最为显著,48h时恢复至对照组水平。结论：甲醛炎性痛可诱导海马NOS活性增强及NO生成增多．这种改变可发生在海马各区．并具有一定的时程特征。     

昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的研究进展

一氧化氮作为一种重要的信息分子 ,参与调节昆虫嗅觉、视觉、机械感受、发育、机体防御及学习行为。该文从生理、生化、形态定位以及信号转导几方面综述了有关昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的最新研究进展。     

Effects of moderate hypothermia on constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities after traumatic brain injury in the rat

We investigated the effects of therapeutic hypothermia (30 degrees C) on alterations in constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase activities following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with 0.5% halothane and underwent moderate (1.8-2.2 atm) parasagittal fluid-percussion (F-P) brain injury. In normothermic rats (37 degrees C) the enzymatic activity of cNOS was significantly increased at 5 min within the injured cerebral cortex compared with contralateral values (286.5+/-68.9% of contralateral value; mean+/-SEM). This rise in nitric oxide synthase activity was significantly reduced with pretraumatic hypothermia (138.8+/-17% of contralateral value; p < 0.05). At 3 and 7 days after normothermic TBI the enzymatic activity of cNOS was decreased significantly (30+/-8.4 and 28.6+/-20.9% of contralateral value, respectively; p < 0.05). However, immediate posttraumatic hypothermia (3 h at 30 degrees C) preserved cNOS activity at 3 and 7 days (69.5+/-23.3 and 78.6+/-7.6% of contralateral value, respectively; mean+/-SEM; p < 0.05). Posttraumatic hypothermia also significantly reduced iNOS activity at 7 days compared with normothermic rats (0.021+/-0.06 and 0.23+/-0.06 pmol/mg of protein/min, respectively; p < 0.05). The present results indicate that hypothermia (a) decreases early cNOS activation after TBI, (b) preserves cNOS activity at later periods, and (c) prevents the delayed induction of iNOS. Temperature-dependent alterations in cNOS and iNOS enzymatic activities may participate in the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia in this TBI model.     

白细胞介素—10对血管一氧化氮／一氧化氮合酶系统的影响

为探讨抗炎因子－－白细胞介素－10（IL－10）对大鼠主动脉一氧化氮（NO）／一氧化氮合酶（NOS）系统的影响,应用Griess试剂、^3H－瓜氨酸生成及蛋白免疫印迹杂交等方法,测定IL－10孵育对血管NO释放、NOS活性及表达的影响。结果发现细菌脂多糖（LPS）呈浓度领带性地激活诱导型NOS（iNOS）,促进NO生成。IL－10（10^-10-10^-8g/ml）呈浓度依赖性地上调内皮型NOS（eNOS）蛋白表达及其活性,但对iNOS活性及表达无明显影响,IL－10（10^-9-10^-8g/ml）显著抑制10μg/ml LPS诱导的NO生成和iNOS激活;而高浓度IL－10（10^-7g/ml）则上调iNOS的活性,对eNOS蛋白的表达知活性无明显影响。因此IL－10对NO／NOS系统具有双重影响,一方面可抑制炎症介质诱发的作为炎性物质的iNOS的表达及激活,另一方面可上调内皮源扩血管物质NO的释放。     

尾加压素对新生大鼠心肌细胞一氧化氮合成的影响

应用半定量逆转录－多聚酶链反应法,观察尾加压素（urotensin Ⅱ,UⅡ）对培养的新生SD大鼠心肌细胞内皮型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)mRNA表达的影响,并测定UⅡ对心肌细胞内一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性和一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO)释放的影响。结果显示：UⅡ抑制培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞eNOS mRNA表达、抑制NOS的活性及NO释放;0.1μmol/L浓度的UⅡ呈时间依赖性抑制心肌细胞NOS的活性及NO生成。上述实验结果提示UⅡ的心血管作用可能与NO合成系统有关。     

Cobalt-60 gamma radiation increased the nitric oxide generation in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells

Radiation is a promising and new treatment for restenosis following angioplasty. Nitric oxide has been proposed as a potential "anti-restenotic" molecule. We radiated the cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells with Cobalt-60 gamma radiation at doses of 14 and 25Gy and observed nitrite production, cGMP content, L-arginine uptake, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and the gene expression of iNOS. Results showed that radiation at doses of 14 and 25Gy increased cGMP content by 92.4% and 86.4%, respectively. Radiation at the dose of 25Gy increased the iNOS activity and nitrite content, but radiation at the dose of 14Gy had no significant effect on iNOS activity and NO production. Both doses of radiation significantly decreased the L-arginine transport. Radiation at the doses of 14 and 25Gy increased iNOS gene expression significantly, which was consistent with the effect of radiation on iNOS activity. In conclusion, radiation induces the NO generation by up-regulating the iNOS activity.     

大鼠脑线粒体NOS及L—Arg转运的生化特性

测定分离纯化的大鼠脑线粒体(mitochondria,Mt)L-精氨酸(L-arginine,L-Arg)/一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)/NO系统,L-Arg转运和NOS的活性。结果显示正常大鼠脑Mt膜上存在高亲和、低转运、可饱和的L-Arg转运体。最大转运速率Vmax为5.87±0.46nmol/mgpro·min     

Kinetics of nitric oxide binding to R-state hemoglobin

Despite earlier work indicating otherwise, some recent reports have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) binds to hemoglobin cooperatively. In particular, it has been suggested that, under physiological conditions, NO binds to the high-affinity R-state hemoglobin as much as 100 times faster than to the low-affinity T-state hemoglobin. This rapid NO binding could provide a means of preserving NO bioactivity. However, using a flash-flow photolysis technique, we have determined that the rate of NO binding to normal adult R-state hemoglobin is (2.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(7) (s(-1) M(-1)), which is essentially the same as that reported for T-state NO binding. (c)2002 Elsevier Science (USA).     

脑室内注射一氧化氮供体及一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对室旁核大细胞自发电活动的作用

在乌拉坦麻醉的成年ＳＤ大鼠上,用玻璃微电极细胞外记录的方法,观察了脑室内注射一氧化氮供体及一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对室旁核大细胞自发电活动的作用。结果发现：脑室内注射一氧化氮供体硝普钠对下丘脑室旁核中的加压素神经元产生剂量依赖性抑制作用;脑室内注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对加压素神经元也产生抑制作用。上述两种药物对催产素神经元均无作用。这些结果提示：一氧化氮可能在调节加压素和催产素神经元活动中起着不同的作用。