Furanoeremophilanes from Senecio smithii

The investigation of Senecio smithii afforded 17 furanoeremophilanes, six of them being isolated for the first time. Furthermore, two new bisabolon     

菊状千里光中Jacaranone类化合物

从菊状千里光(Senecio laetus)全草中分离得到7个Jacaranone类化合物,它们的结构运用现代波谱技术确定为jacaranone (1);3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrojacaranone methyl ester (2);1-羟基-4-氧代-2,5-环己二烯-1-醋酸乙酯(3);2-jacaranone酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯和2-jacaranone酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯的混合物(4、5); l-jacaranone乙酯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6);1-羟基-4-氧代-2,5-环己二烯-1-醋酸(7).首次报道菊状千里光中Jacaranone类化合物的存在,支持了国外学者认为该类化合物是千里光属植物特征次生代谢产物的推论.     

Two New Sesquiterpene Alcohols Isolated from Senecio hadiensis Forssk. Grown in Saudi Arabia

Phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Senecio hadiensis Forssk . led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpenoids, presilphiperfolan‐2α,5α,8α‐triol ( 1 ) and presilphiperfolan‐2α,5α,8α,10α‐tetraol ( 2 ) featuring the rare presilphiperfolane‐type frameworks. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS) methods and by comparison with the literature data. The isolates 1 and 2 were evaluated in‐vitro for antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ) agonistic activities.     

A New Depigmenting‐Antifungal Methylated Grindelane from Grindelia chiloensis

The new methylated grindelane diterpenoid, 7β ‐hydroxy‐8(17)‐dehydrogrindelic acid ( 1b ), together with the known 7α ‐hydroxy‐8(17)‐dehydrogrindelic acid ( 2a ), 6‐oxogrindelic acid ( 3a ), 4β ‐hydroxy‐6‐oxo‐19‐norgrindelic ( 4a ), 19‐hydroxygrindelic acid ( 5a ), 18‐hydroxygrindelic acid ( 6a ), 4α ‐carboxygrindelic acid ( 7a ), 17‐hydroxygrindelic acid ( 8a ), 6α ‐hydroxygrindelic acid ( 9a ), 8,17‐bisnor‐8‐oxagrindelic acid ( 10a ), 7α ,8α ‐epoxygrindelic acid ( 11a ), and strictanonic acid ( 12a ) as methyl esters were obtained from an Argentine collection of Grindelia chiloensis (Cornel .) Cabrera . Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. CHC l₃ extract from the aerial parts and their pure compounds were evaluated for their antifungal and depigmenting effects. Methyl ester derivative of 10a ( 10b ) exhibited a remarkable mycelial growth inhibition against Botritis cinerea with an IC ₅₀ of 13.5 μg ml^?1. While the new grindelane 1b exerted a clear color reduction of the yellow‐orange pigment developed by Fusarium oxysporum against UV ‐induced damage.     

两种葡萄孢属真菌对不同品种百合花瓣和叶片的侵染能力比较

为明确两种葡萄孢属真菌对不同百合品种叶片和花瓣的侵染能力,采用离体叶片接种法测定灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea和椭圆葡萄孢Botrytis elliptica对4个百合品种叶片和花瓣的侵染时间和病斑扩展速度。结果表明,供试百合花瓣接种灰葡萄孢病斑出现时间明显早于叶片,而不同品种花瓣接种椭圆葡萄孢病斑出现时间差异显著。此外,百合品种‘木门’叶片接种椭圆葡萄孢96 h后仍没有病斑出现,而花瓣接种后48 h病斑出现,说明‘木门’叶片对椭圆葡萄孢抗性较强,而花瓣较易感病。     

Two New Steroids from an Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp.

Two new steroids, (14β,22E)‐9,14‐dihydroxyergosta‐4,7,22‐triene‐3,6‐dione ( 1 ) and (5α,6β,15β,22E)‐6‐ethoxy‐5,15‐dihydroxyergosta‐7,22‐dien‐3‐one ( 2 ), together with three known steroids, calvasterols A and B ( 3 and 4 , resp.), and ganodermaside D ( 5 ), were isolated from the culture broth of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. isolated from Aconitum carmichaeli. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and their inhibitory activities against six pathogenic fungi were evaluated. Most of the compounds showed moderate or weak antifungal activities in a broth‐microdilution assay.     

Two New Butenolides Produced by an Actinomycete Streptomyces sp.

Two new butenolides, (4S)‐4,10‐dihydroxydodec‐2‐en‐1,4‐olide ( 1 ) and (4S)‐4,8,10‐trihydroxy‐10‐methyldodec‐2‐en‐1,4‐olide ( 2 ), together with three known compounds, MKN‐003B ( 3 ), MKN‐003C ( 4 ), and cyclo(Ala‐Leu) ( 5 ), were isolated from the culture broth of a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces derived from soil environment. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The inhibitory activities of the butenolides against eight pathogenic fungi were evaluated. All of the butenolides showed moderate‐or‐weak antifungal activities in a broth microdilution assay.     

Natural hybridization between Senecio jacobaea and Senecio aquaticus: molecular and chemical evidence

Hybridization is known to be involved in a number of evolutionary processes, including species formation, and the generation of novel defence characteristics in plants. The genus Senecio of the Asteraceae family is highly speciose and has historically demonstrated significant levels of interspecific hybridization. The evolution of novel chemical defence characteristics may have contributed to the success of Senecio hybrids. Chemical defence against pathogens and herbivores has been studied extensively in the model species Senecio jacobaea, which is thought to hybridize in nature with Senecio aquaticus. Here, we use amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) composition to confirm that natural hybridization occurs between S. jacobaea and the closely related species S. aquaticus. AFLPs are also used to estimate the ancestry of hybrids. We also demonstrate that even highly back-crossed hybrids can possess a unique mixture of defence chemicals specific to each of the parental species. This hybrid system may therefore prove to be useful in further studies of the role of hybridization in the evolution of plant defence and resistance.     

Two new carene-type monoterpenes from aerial parts of Ageratina adenophora

Two new carene-type monoterpenes, (1α,6α,7α)-8-hydroxy-2-carene-10-oic acid (1) and (1α,6α)-10-hydroxy-3-carene-2-one (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ageratina adenophora, together with a known monoterpene, (−)-isochaminic acid (3). The new structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compound 3 was isolated from A. adenophora for the first time. Compounds 2 and 3 were found to show anti-fungal activity against spore germination of Magnaporthe grisea with IC₅₀ values 0.623 and 0.503 mM, respectively.     

Secondary metabolites from Senecio burtonii (Compositae)

A cacalolide derivative named 4alpha-[2'-hydroxymethylacryloxy]-1beta-hydroxy-14-(5-->6) abeo eremophilan-12,8-olide and a shikimic acid derivative named (3'E)-(1alpha)-3-hydroxymethyl-4beta,5alpha-dimethoxycyclohex-2-enyloctadec-3'-enoate along with three known compounds, octacosan-1-ol, 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and 3beta-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid were isolated from Senecio burtonii. Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.     

Insect Antifeedant and Ixodicidal Compounds from Senecio adenotrichius

Nine eremophilane sesquiterpenes 1  –  9 , two flavonoids 11 and 12 , and two known pirrolizidine alkaloids 13 and 14 , were isolated from Senecio adenotrichius DC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and by comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data of similar compounds. Compounds 5 , 7 , and 9 have not been previously reported as natural products. The antifeedant activity of these compounds was tested against Spodoptera litoralis and Myzus persicae. Eremophilanes 1 , 3 , and 8 were strong antifeedants to M. persicae, and 1 and 8 to Spodoptera littoralis. Their ixodicidal activity was tested against the tick Hyalomma lusitanicum, with eremophilanes 1 , 3 , and 8 , being strong ixodicidal agents.     

产漆酶灰色葡萄孢霉培养条件的研究

通过对培养灰色葡萄孢霉（Botrytis cinerea）不同培养基产漆酶酶活力大小的比较,筛选出了产漆酶灰色葡萄孢霉的最佳培养方法。结果表明：灰色葡萄孢霉在蛋白胨5g/L,酵母提取物20 g/L,蔗糖20 g/L,MgSO4 1.5 g/L,CuSO4 0.006 g/L的培养基中生长最好。最佳的培养条件为：pH值4.9,温度25℃,转速100 r/min。     

Two sesquiterpenes from Senecio species

The investigation of further Senecio species gave, in addition to known compounds, two new sesquiterpenes, an eremophilane and a eudesmane derivative.     

灰葡萄孢BC7-3菌株除草活性组分的纯化与结构鉴定

[目的]植物病原真菌毒素是一类重要的微生物源除草剂,本研究旨在找到一个新的具有除草活性的化合物结构.[方法]在前期薄层层析法、柱层析法和高效液相色谱法分析的基础上对灰葡萄孢诱变菌株BC7-3的代谢产物中具有除草活性的5个不同组分分别进行了液相色谱制备.[结果]本研究得到了一个纯度达99.38%对单子叶杂草马唐具有较强杀除活性的纯组分,通过对纯组分的物理性状测定并结合紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱以及核磁共振波谱等分析方法鉴定化学结构为10-顺-二氢化灰霉二醛.[结论]研究的结果为微生物除草剂的创新和开发奠定了理论基础.     

Furanoeremophilanes from Lopholaena species

Three additional Lopholaena species afforded several furanoeremophilanes, two of them not reported previously.     

番茄灰霉菌拮抗放线菌LA-5的筛选及鉴定

利用稀释涂布法从番茄根际土壤中分离放线菌,并以番茄灰霉菌为靶标,利用对峙培养法和牛津杯法筛选拮抗放线菌,得到一株具有较强抑菌活性的放线菌LA-5.通过培养特征、生理生化特性及基于16S rDNA 序列系统进化分析,将菌株LA-5初步鉴定为链霉菌.复筛结果显示,LA-5发酵滤液对番茄灰霉菌孢子萌发及菌丝生长均有明显的抑制作用,其中100倍发酵滤液对孢子萌发抑制率和菌丝生长抑制率均在50%以上;受抑制菌落呈白色,气生菌丝萎缩稀疏,菌丝纤细、分支明显减少.离体防效试验显示,菌株LA-5发酵原液对番茄灰霉病防效可达83.4%.该菌株有望开发为防治番茄灰霉病的生防菌株.     

2-epi-Botcinin A and 3-O-Acetylbotcineric Acid from Botrytis cinerea

Two metabolites, 2-epi-botcinin A and 3-O-acetylbotcineric acid, were isolated from Botrytis cinerea (AEM211). The former compound was new, and the latter was known but structurally revised by us. In a test for antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea, a pathogen of rice blast disease, 2-epi-botcinin A was 8 times less active than botcinin A (MIC 100 μM), and the MIC value for 3-O-acetylbotcineric acid being 100 μM.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Senecio

Interspecific hybridization has resulted in the recent origin of several hybrid Senecio taxa at diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid levels. As part of research aimed at constructing and comparing genomic maps of each of these taxa and their parents, we have isolated microsatellite loci from genomic DNA libraries of S. vulgaris and S. squalidus. Primers of 35 loci amplified microsatellites resolved in agarose gels from one or more of S. vulgaris, S. squalidus, S. aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius. Approximately 71% of primers amplified a product in all four species. A survey of microsatellite variation in S. chrysanthemifolius over a subset of 14 loci resolved 2–11 alleles per locus in polyacrylamide gels with expected heterozygosity (H_E) ranging from 0.26 to 0.87.