Ioniols I and II,Tetracyclic Diterpenes with Antibacterial Activity,from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Two naturally occurring diterpenes featuring unprecedented tetracyclic skeletons, ioniols I and II ( 1 and 2 , resp.), along with two previously reported metabolites 3 and 4 , were isolated from the organic extract of Sphaerococcus coronopifolius collected from the rocky coasts of Corfu island in the Ionian Sea. The structures of the new natural products, as well as their relative configuration, were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis, including 2D‐NMR experiments. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a panel of Staphylococcus aureus strains, which included multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.     

Antibacterial substances from marine algae isolated from Jeddah coast of Red sea,Saudi Arabia

Marine algae are known to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites and several compounds have been derived from them for prospective development of novel drugs by the pharmaceutical industries. However algae of the Red sea have not been adequately explored for their potential as a source of bioactive substances. In this context Ulva reticulata, Caulerpa occidentalis, Cladophora socialis, Dictyota ciliolata, and Gracilaria dendroides isolated from Red sea coastal waters of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were evaluated for their potential for bioactivity. Extracts of the algae selected for the study were prepared using ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and water, and assayed for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25322, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. It was found that chloroform was most effective followed by ethanol, petroleum ether and water for the preparation of algal extract with significant antibacterial activities, respectively. Results also indicated that the extracts of red alga G. dendroides were more efficient against the tested bacterial strains followed by green alga U. reticulata, and brown algae D. ciliolata. Chemical analyses showed that G. dendroides recorded the highest percentages of the total fats and total proteins, followed by U. reticulata, and D. ciliolate. Among the bioflavonoids determined Rutin, Quercetin and Kaempherol were present in high percentages in G. dendroides, U. reticulata, and D. ciliolate. Estimation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids revealed that palmitic acid was present in highest percentage in all the algal species analyzed. Amino acid analyses indicated the presence of free amino acids in moderate contents in all the species of algae. The results indicated scope for utilizing these algae as a source of antibacterial substances.     

具抗菌活性海洋放线菌菌株JMC 06001的分离和鉴定

从湛江硇洲岛高盐泥样中分离到一株微嗜盐放线菌JMC 06001,该菌株的发酵产物具有很强的抗菌活性.菌株JMC 06001在多数培养基上生长良好,气生菌丝白色,基内菌丝淡黄色至浅棕色.在燕麦琼脂(ISP 3)、甘油-天门冬酰胺琼脂(ISP 5)、葡萄糖-天门冬酰胺琼脂及马铃薯浸汁琼脂上产生黄色可溶性色素,在酵母膏-麦芽膏琼脂(ISP2)、蛋白胨酵母膏铁盐琼脂(ISP6)和营养琼脂上产生棕色可溶性色素.生长温度范围为4℃～40℃,最适生长温度28℃.生长pH范围为6.0～9.0,最适pH 7.0.能在含0～1.5 mol/L NaCl的培养基上生长,最适生长盐浓度为0.2～0.5 mol/L NaCl.根据其形态学特征、生理生化特征、细胞化学分类特征和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析结果,菌株JMC 06001被鉴定为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)的有效发表种波赛链霉菌(S.peucetius)的一个菌株.     

Three new diterpenes and two new sesquiterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis A729

Three new diterpenes koninginols A-C (1–3) and two new sesquiterpenoids 11-hydroxy-15-drimeneoic acid (4), koninginol D (5), together with twelve known compounds (6–17) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis A729 derived from Morinda officinalis. Their structures were fully assigned with the aid of extensive spectroscopic analysis and reported data from the previous literatures. Koninginols A and B were disclosed as intriguing diterpene alkaloids, whereas the koninginol C was disclosed as one of the two examples of harziandione diterpene. All the isolates were evaluated for their antitumor activity, and compounds 1–2, 4–6, 11–13, 16–17 were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, wherein the new compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 10 and 2 μg/mL, respectively.     

Norlathyrane Diterpenes from the Root of Euphorbia kansuensis

Phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract obtained from the root of the Euphorbia kansuensis Proch . grown in China resulted in the isolation of two novel norlathyrane diterpenes, named ekanpenoids A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.). Their structures were established by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as other spectra. The isolated diterpenes exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against the HeLa and Hep‐G2 cell lines with the IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.6 to 9.7 μg/ml.     

Structure and in vitro antitumor activity evaluation of brominated diterpenes from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

A novel bromoditerpene methyl ketone (1), two new bromoditerpene alcohols featuring a neodolastane (2), and a bromocorodienol skeleton (3), along with 13 previously reported metabolites (4–16) were isolated from the organic extract of Sphaerococcus coronopifolius collected from the rocky coasts of Corfu island in the Ionian Sea. The structures of the new natural products, as well as their relative stereochemistry, were elaborated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis, including 2D NMR experiments. The absolute stereochemistry of metabolite 3 was determined using the modified Mosher’s method. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for their antitumoral activity against four human apoptosis-resistant (U373, A549, SKMEL-28, OE21) and two human apoptosis-sensitive (PC-3, LoVo) cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ in vitro growth inhibitory concentrations in the range 3–100 μM.     

一种兔肠源抗菌蛋白分离纯化及其抑菌活性

目的探讨兔肠道组织抗菌有效成分的组成及其性质。方法将新鲜兔小肠组织匀浆,经高温处理,乙酸浸提后,检测抗菌活性,再经Sephadex G100和Sephadex G75凝胶柱过滤层析,收集具有抗菌活性的蛋白组分,经SDS-PAGE电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色后,为一条蛋白带,其相对分子质量约为43×103。用琼脂糖弥散法和活菌计数实验检测纯化物对9株细菌的抑菌作用。结果分离得到一种纯的兔肠源抗菌蛋白,纯化的兔肠源抗菌蛋白对9株细菌的均有明显的抑菌作用,杀菌率介于78%与98%之间,显示了较强的抗菌活性。结论初步显示了兔肠源抗菌蛋白在细菌性疫病的防治方面的应用前景。     

Cytotoxic Activity of Fungal Strains Isolated from the Ascidian Eudistoma vannamei

The cytotoxic activity at 50 μg/ml of extracts obtained from eleven fungal strains associated to Eudistoma vannamei, an endemic ascidian from Northeast Brazil, against two cell lines, i.e., the HCT‐8 (colon cancer) and the MDA‐MB‐435 (melanoma) cell lines, was investigated. The most promising extract (EV10) was obtained from a fungus identified as Aspergillus sp. by molecular analysis and was selected for bioassay‐guided isolation of its active principals. Large‐scale fermentation of EV10 in potato‐dextrose broth followed by chromatographic purification of the active extract from the liquid medium allowed the isolation of the isocoumarins mellein, cis‐4‐hydroxymellein, and trans‐4‐hydroxymellein, besides penicillic acid. All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines MDA‐MB‐435 and HCT‐8 and revealed penicillic acid as the only cytotoxic compound (cell growth inhibitions >95%).     

四氮唑类化合物的合成及体外抑菌活性研究

目的:利用点击化学反应合成四氮唑类化合物,寻找温和的反应条件。对合成的四氮唑类化合物进行体外抑菌活性研究,以期发现抑菌活性化合物并初步研究其构效关系。方法:以氰基类化合物和叠氮钠为原料,溴化锌为催化剂,通过点击化学反应合成一类四氮唑结构化合物并研究其合成工艺条件的优化。利用微量二倍稀释法对合成的四氮唑类化合物进行体外抑菌活性测试。结果:利用所得到的优化点击化学反应条件合成了11个四氮唑类化合物,并发现化合物2h具有广谱抑菌活性。结论:优化后的点击化学反应条件温和,后处理方便,产率较高。抑菌活性和构效关系研究为后续的四氮唑类化合物抑菌活性研究工作提供了一定的基础。     

一株抗小鼠乳腺癌和一株有抑菌活性的北极细菌的初步研究

从采自北级的海泥、海水样品中共分离得到101株低温细菌,采用小鼠温敏型乳腺癌tsFT210细胞株和纸片扩散法对其进行了抗肿瘤和抑菌活性筛选,得到抗肿瘤活性细菌1株,抑茼活性菌株8株,并对其中抑菌活性较强的一株细菌AR084的适宜发酵条件、活性物质的稳定性进行了初步研究,确定了其培养条件。报道了北极海洋微生物的抗肿瘤和抑菌活性,且抑菌活性尚未见有报道。由此表明,极地微生物是潜在的活性物质的来源,在基础研究和开发应用方面具有广阔的前景。     

从天然提取物或分离部位中以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为靶点的抗细菌活性筛选

目的是以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶(EPT)为靶点筛选其抑制剂,以期寻找抗细菌活性样品。实验是在96％孔酶标板上对来源于169个科、560个属、916种动植物2490个提取物或分离部位样品在EPT模型上进行了批量筛选。结果表明在96.15μg/ml浓度下发现了来源于80个科、169个届、218个种的309个样品有活性,其中14个样品的IC50小于10．00μg/ml,40个样品的IC50在10．01-30．00μg/ml范围,83个样品的IC50在30．01—50．00μg/ml范围,172个样品的IC50在50．01—96.15μg/ml范围。通过以上工作我们认为以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为分子靶点的体外筛选方法稳定、方便、快速、微量、有效,特别适用于天然产物的抗细菌活性筛选。     

粉纹夜蛾离体细胞抗菌肽的抗菌谱测定

用热灭活的大肠杆菌DHSQ诱导粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)离体细胞产生抗菌肽,用三氯乙酸沉淀法提取出该活性物质,采用琼脂糖孔穴扩散法和生长抑制测定法测定其抗菌谱,发现该抗菌物质具有较广的抗微生物活性,其中特别是对革兰氏阴性菌中的沙门氏茵和大肠杆茵,酵母菌中的白色念珠菌,植物病源真茵中的花生白绢病茵和小麦赤霉病茵具有较强的抑菌活性,从而表明该物质是一种既抗细菌,又抗真菌的抗微生物肽。     

红海榄根际土壤来源的青霉属真菌XGH2321及其抑菌活性

本研究根据形态学和ITS序列分析结果,将一株分离自海南东寨港红树林保护区红海榄根际土壤的菌株XGH2321鉴定为青霉属的一种真菌.通过对培养基中的碳源、氮源和盐度的优化,确定了适合该真菌菌株分泌抑菌活性物质的改良查氏培养基(4%玉米浆,0.3%NaNO3,0.05%KC1,0.1%K2HPO4,0.05%MgSO4,pH 7.4,9%盐度).将活化后的菌株XGH2321接种到该培养基中,按28℃、160r/min振荡培养7d,获得的发酵液水萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长具有明显的抑制作用(MIC为400μg/mL),而发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取物对上述微生物的生长也具有一定的抑制作用(MIC为800μg/mL);同时,上述2种萃取物对植物病原菌立枯丝核菌的生长也具有明显的抑制作用,MIC分别为200μg/mL和400μg/mL.     

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Cysteine Protease Inhibitor from Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

The need for replacing traditional pesticides with alternative agents for the management of agricultural pathogens is rising worldwide. In this study, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CPI), 11 kDa in size, was purified from green kiwifruit to homogeneity. We examined the growth inhibition of three plant pathogenic Gram-negative bacterial strains by kiwi CPI and attempted to elucidate the potential mechanism of the growth inhibition. CPI influenced the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens (76.2 % growth inhibition using 15 μM CPI), Burkholderia cepacia (75.6 % growth inhibition) and, to a lesser extent, Erwinia carotovora (44.4 % growth inhibition) by inhibiting proteinases that are excreted by these bacteria. Identification and characterization of natural plant defense molecules is the first step toward creation of improved methods for pest control based on naturally occurring molecules.     

Antitumor potential of natural products from Mediterranean ascidians

Ascidians, invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Urochordata (Tunicata), are renowned for their great chemical diversity, and during the last 25 years, they have been shown to produce an array of cytotoxic molecules. Among the first six marine-derived compounds that have reached clinical trials as antitumor agents, three are derived from ascidians, as evidence of the high potential of these organisms as a new source of antitumor compounds. Reported in this communication are some recent results on the chemistry of Mediterranean ascidians; a number of new molecules with different structural features but all endowed with antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity are discussed. These results strongly evidence the highly significant role that Mediterranean ascidians natural products could play in anticancer drug discovery and development process.     

Seqarching for Antibacterial Activities of Extracts and Fractions Derived from Natural Sources Targeting Enoylpyruvate Transferase

To discover inhibitors of enoylpyruvate transferase with antibacterial activity a batch of 2490 extract or fraction samples from plants and animals belonging to 169 families, 560 genera and 916 species were tested on enoylpyruvate transferase bioassay in 96-well microtiterplates. Finally 309 samples, which belong to 80 families, 169 genera and 218 species, showed inhibitory activity at 96.15ug/ml, in which 14 samples showed IC50 at=<10.00ug/ml, 40 samples showed IC50 at 10.01-30.00ug/ml, 83 samples showed IC50 at 30.01-50.00ug/ml and 172 samples showed IC50 at 50.01-96.15ug/ml. It is indicated that this in-vitro bioassay is convenient, stable, rapid, sensitive and effective in searching for antibacterial activity samples from natural sources.     

池杉叶的二萜成分研究(Ⅰ)

杉科落羽杉属植物池杉 ( Taxodium ascendens Brongn.)原产于美国东南部 ,耐水湿 ,主要分布于沼泽地区及水湿地。我国江苏南京、南通和浙江杭州、河南鸡公山、湖北武汉等地有栽培 ,生长良好 ,作为低湿地的造林树种或用于庭院绿化 [1 ] 。迄今为止有关其化学成分的研究未见报道。在对杉科植物特征化学成分及其活性的系统研究中 ,我们从池杉叶的乙醇提取物中初步分离得到 3个二萜类化合物 ,通过理化性质及波谱分析 ,分别鉴定为1 8-oxoferruginol( 1 ) ,右松脂酸 ( 2 ) ,trans-communic acid( 3 )。化合物 1的质谱显示其分子离子峰为 3 0 0 ,1…     

抗多重耐药病原菌的越南槐内生菌TRPH-35的抗菌活性及其鉴定

以大肠杆ATCC25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923及其临床多重耐药分离株ETEC-AD9、MRSA-DF12共4株人体病原细菌为靶标菌,采用琼脂块法从越南槐内生真菌中筛选抗菌活性菌株,并以改良的微量肉汤稀释法测定其代谢产物的最小抑菌浓度;根据形态和分子特征鉴定拮抗菌株的分类学地位。结果表明,菌株TRPH-35的活菌块对各病原细菌的抑菌圈直径与阳性对照相当;其代谢产物对各病原菌的最小抑菌浓度为20~40μg/mL;初步鉴定该菌株为刺盘孢。本研究结果表明,菌株TRPH-35鉴定为刺盘孢,对参试病原细菌均显示强的抗菌活性,具有较大的开发应用潜力。     

猪源产细菌素芽孢杆菌的筛选及抑菌特性

【背景】抗生素作为生长促进剂在畜牧业中的滥用,出现了严重的耐药基因富集和扩散问题,发掘新兴的生长促进剂作为饲料添加剂市场潜力巨大,目前益生菌制剂的开发最具潜力。【目的】通过对散养健康育肥猪粪便中芽孢杆菌的分离筛选,获得对典型肠道病原菌具有显著抑菌活性的芽孢杆菌,确定其产生的细菌素特性,以此对芽孢杆菌作为猪养殖业生长促进剂的潜力进行评价。【方法】采用梯度稀释涂平板法分离可培养细菌,利用牛津杯法检测菌株的抑菌活性。通过微生物形态及16S r RNA基因序列分析,确认6株产细菌素菌株的分类地位,并对其抗生素耐药性、细菌素稳定性及生理生化特征进行比较分析。【结果】从116株纯培养物中筛选得到6株对指示病原细菌具有显著抑菌效应的产细菌素芽孢杆菌,其中2株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),3株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),1株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。菌株B.licheniformis DY7和B.subtilis FX4对致泻、产肠毒素、出血性Escherichia coli均有显著的抑制效果,对头孢噻肟和红霉素高度敏感,其细菌素在p H 3.0-9.0、50-100°C水浴处理后仍具有明显的抑菌活性。【结论】猪源产细菌素芽孢杆菌DY7和FX4具有高效的病原细菌抑菌能力,所产细菌素稳定性较好,具有作为动物生长促进剂的应用潜力。     

Isolation and Antifouling Activity of Azulene Derivatives from the Antarctic Gorgonian Acanthogorgia laxa

Three azulenoid sesquiterpenes ( 1  –  3 ) were isolated from the Antarctic gorgonian Acanthogorgia laxa collected by bottom trawls at −343 m. Besides linderazulene ( 1 ), and the known ketolactone 2 , a new brominated C₁₆ linderazulene derivative ( 3 ) was also identified. This compound has an extra carbon atom at C(7) of the linderazulene framework. The antifouling activity of compounds 1 and 2 was assayed in the laboratory with Artemia salina larvae, and also in field tests, by incorporation in soluble‐matrix experimental antifouling paints. The results obtained after a 45 days field trial of the paints, showed that compounds 1 and 2 displayed good antifouling potencies against a wide array of organisms. Compound 3 , a benzylic bromide, was unstable and for this reason was not submitted to bioassays. Two known cembranolides: pukalide and epoxypukalide, were also identified as minor components of the extract.