链霉菌SO1菌株几丁质酶的纯化及性质

由链霉菌（Streptomycessp.）SO1菌株产生的几丁质酶（Citinase）经硫酸铵盐析、OEAE纤维素柱层析、SephadexG－100柱层桥分离纯化后,得到SDS－PAGE均一样品。用SDS－PAG测得纯化后的几丁质酶分子量为41Ku,用PAGEIEF测得等电点PI为5.4。酶反应的最适pH值为6．0,最适温度为50℃,在pH5．0～9．0、温度30～50℃时酶活性比较稳定。在相当于0.1mol／LNaCl的离子强度下酶活性最高。金属离子中的Mg²⁺、Ca     

黄瓜几丁质酶的诱导,提取纯化及其基本性质（简报）

3周龄黄瓜幼苗经乙烯利处理后,诱导了几丁质酶活力。叶片提取液经20％和60％饱和度的两步硫酸铵沉淀,通过再生几丁质亲和层析后,纯化制备的SDS－PAGE显示单一谱带。酶学特性呈现pH2.7和pH7．1两个最适反应pH和50℃的最适反应温度。纯化的酶对几种病原菌的生长有一定的抑制作用。     

普通脱硫弧菌D-2氢化酶的提纯与性质

从全国土壤腐蚀网站长辛店分离纯化到－株氢化酶活性较高的菌株D-2。经鉴定为普通脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibrio vulgaris)。该菌氢化酶主要位于菌体的周质空间。 用pH9．0的0．1mmol／L Tris—EDTA缓冲液将酶洗脱,经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-纤维素和sepbadex G-150柱层析纯化,酶活力达到205μmolH2·min-1·mg蛋白-1,得率为17．6％,纯化33．1倍。经SDS—PAGE和梯度-PAGE测定,该酶为一条肽链,分子量49 000道尔顿。该酶吸收光谱具有铁硫蛋白特征．Ε400nm和8 280Nm分别为34．8mM-1·cm-1和120mM-1·cm-1,每个酶分子含有12个铁原子和11个硫原子。N-溴代丁二酰胺完全抑制酶活力,Hg2+件的抑制率也达54％,但该酶对巯基封闭性试剂具有抗性。     

普通脱硫弧菌D-2氢化酶的提纯与性质

从全国土壤腐蚀网站长辛店分离纯化到－株氢化酶活性较高的菌株D-2。经鉴定为普通脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibrio vulgaris)。该菌氢化酶主要位于菌体的周质空间。 用pH9．0的0．1mmol／L Tris—EDTA缓冲液将酶洗脱,经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-纤维素和sepbadex G-150柱层析纯化,酶活力达到205μmolH2·min-1·mg蛋白-1,得率为17．6％,纯化33．1倍。经SDS—PAGE和梯度-PAGE测定,该酶为一条肽链,分子量49 000道尔顿。该酶吸收光谱具有铁硫蛋白特征．Ε400nm和8 280Nm分别为34．8mM-1·cm-1和120mM-1·cm-1,每个酶分子含有12个铁原子和11个硫原子。N-溴代丁二酰胺完全抑制酶活力,Hg2+件的抑制率也达54％,但该酶对巯基封闭性试剂具有抗性。     

粘帚霉几丁质酶GcCHI1的结构鉴定及其抑菌作用

【目的】对分离纯化自链孢粘帚霉(Gliocladium catenulatum)HL-1-1菌株的几丁质酶Gc CHI1进行化学结构鉴定,并测定该酶对几种病原真菌的抑菌机制。【方法】几丁质酶Gc CHI1化学结构鉴定采用Nano-ESI-MS/MS技术。该酶对病原真菌菌丝生长、病原菌孢子萌发和病原菌菌核萌发的抑制作用采用牛津杯法等方法。【结果】获得几丁质Gc CHI1胰蛋白酶水解肽段的肽质量指纹谱图,较好的MS/MS图谱,以及3个肽段的氨基酸序列(均15个氨基酸),分别为LYNSNDAIEAFISR、VIGYFTQWGIYGR、LNLGIGYYGR。经Mascot数据库检索认为与来自Stenotrophomonas maltophilials 34S1的几丁质酶A具有高度的相似性。几丁质酶Gc CHI1能明显抑制立枯丝核菌、油菜菌核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌等多种植物病原真菌的菌丝生长、孢子萌发和菌核萌发。【结论】几丁质酶Gc CHI1对多种植物病原菌有抑制作用,因此几丁质酶Gc CHI1是HL-1-1菌株抑菌作用的机制之一。     

产气肠杆菌几丁质酶的分离纯化及性质研究

从自然罹病死亡的草原毛虫(Gynephorap ruoergnesis)体内分离到一株产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes),它在几丁质的诱导下能产生较高活性的几丁质酶。发酵液经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE纤维素柱层析和Sephadex G-100柱层析分离出几丁质酶。用SDSPAGE测得该酶的分子量为425kD。水解几丁质的Km值为2.88mg/mL-1。酶反应的最适温度为55℃,最适pH值为60,金属离子对几丁质酶活性影响较大,其中Zn2+、Ba2+、Ca2+和Mn2+对酶有较强的激活作用,而Hg2+、Co2+和Mg2+则有较强的抑制作用。     

HaSNPV几丁质酶的分离纯化与毒理学研究

利用重组工程菌GS115-pPIC 9k-ChiA 4.0发酵几丁质酶粗液,经(NH₄)₂SO₄盐析、透析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析以及Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析分离纯化,获得电泳纯的棉铃虫单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(HaSNPV)几丁质酶,回收率为19.64%,纯化17.74倍;经HaSNPV几丁质酶毒理学研究,通过触杀作用和胃毒作用,几丁质酶使小菜蛾幼虫细胞液化,导致死亡,其作用效果与几丁质酶浓度和作用时间成正比,且胃毒作用大于触杀作用;经小麦根腐、烟草赤星、番茄灰霉和苹果炭疽等植物病原真菌的抑菌实验,表明几丁质酶可以通过酶解真菌细胞壁中的几丁质达到抑菌作用。     

乳酸菌Enterococcuse faecalis TN-9低温蛋白酶的提纯及性质

对产自乳酸菌Enterococcuze fecalis TN-9的蛋白酶,进行了硫酸铵沉淀,DEAE—Sephadex A-25以及DEAE Cellulofine A-500离子交换层析的3步纯化和特性研究。纯化酶Native PAGE显示1条蛋白带。SDSPAGE和凝胶层析分子量分别为30ku及69ku。纯化酶最适作用温度为30℃,最适作用PH为7．5～8．0,在pH6．0～9．5和45℃以下条件下稳定,在0℃下显示了6．1％的相对活性,60℃以上热处理完全失去酶活。该酶被EDTA-2Na,Hg^2＋、Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Ag^2＋、Co^2＋及Pepstatin A不完全抑制。Zn^2＋对蛋白酶具有明显的激活作用。纯化酶作用于偶氮酪蛋白的Km和Vmax分别为0．098％和72mg／（h·mg）。该酶为N末端VGSEVTLKNS的明胶酶（Gelatinase）的一种,性质属于低温蛋白酶。     

免疫亲和层析法纯化苦瓜几丁酶

用扁豆几丁酶免疫家兔,获得抗扁豆几丁酶的抗体,将此抗体与Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ偶联,制备免疫亲和吸附剂,用以纯化苦瓜几丁酶．苦瓜叶片的粗提液经过免疫亲和吸附柱后,可获得电泳纯的几丁酶,其分子量为３５ ｋＤ,与用几丁质凝胶为亲和吸附剂的纯化结果一致．表明利用植物几丁酶在结构上的保守性,用免疫亲和法可纯化不同植物的同类几丁酶．与几丁质凝胶亲和柱相比,免疫亲和法纯化植物几丁酶具有快速、亲和柱可重复使用等的优点．利用免疫亲和层析获得的纯化样品,研究了苦瓜几丁酶对真菌的抑制试验,研究结果表明,苦瓜几丁酶能分解棉花枯萎病菌的菌丝体细胞壁制备物,并对其孢子芽管的伸长有一定抑制作用．     

工程化抗真菌病原体植株

当植物遭受病原真菌的侵袭时常常提高其几丁质酶的生产.此酶可降解存在于许多植物病原真菌而非植物中的几丁质和聚合物.因此通过响应真菌侵袭的植物诱导提高几丁质酶合成认为是植物防御反应的一部分.由此表明,通过引入外源几丁质酶基因可使植物提高对真菌侵袭的抗性.然而,常常很难检测到提高的几丁质酶活性超过植物基础酶活性.     

疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌热稳定几丁质酶的纯化及其性质研究

采用硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE SepharoseFastFlow阴离子层析、Phenyl Sepharose疏水层析等步骤获得了凝胶电泳均一的疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌 (Thermomyceslanuginosus)几丁质酶。经SDS PAGE和凝胶过滤层析测得纯酶蛋白的分子量在 4 8～ 4 9 .8kD之间。该酶反应的最适温度和最适pH分别为 5 5℃和 4 5 ,在pH4 5条件下 ,该酶在 5 0℃以下稳定 ;6 5℃的半衰期为 2 5min ;70℃保温 2 0min后 ,仍保留 2 4 %的酶活性。其N 端氨基酸序列为AQGYLSVQYFVNWAI。金属离子对几丁质酶的活性影响较大 ,Ca2 、Na 、K 、Ba2 对酶有激活作用 ;Ag 、Fe2 、Cu2 、Hg2 对酶有显著的抑制作用 ;以胶体几丁质为底物的Km 和Vmax值分别为 9 .5 6mg mL和 2 2 . 12 μmol min。抗菌活性显示 ,该酶对供试病原菌有不同程度的抑制作用。     

膜荚黄芪种子中2种几丁质酶的分离纯化及活性测定

运用传统的层析技术对膜荚黄芪种子中两种几丁质酶进行分离纯化,并对分离纯化中各个步骤得到的蛋白进行了活性研究.结果表明:(1)粗提液的硫酸铵沉淀经再生几丁质亲和柱和凝胶过滤层析Sephadex G-75得到几丁质酶A.(2)粗提液的硫酸铵沉淀经离子交换色谱DE-52、CM、凝胶过滤层析Sephadex G-75得到几丁质酶B.(3)几丁质酶A、B的比活性分别为35.6 U/mg和4.1 U/mg.(4)从膜荚黄芪种子中分离纯化的几丁质酶A和B均为糖蛋白,含糖量分别为6.1%和5.8%.(5) SDS-PAGE显示,几丁质酶A、B的分子量分别为35.5 ku、39.6 ku;凝胶过滤层析测定几丁质酶A、B的分子量分别为36.9 ku、40.8 ku;表明几丁质酶A、B均为单亚基蛋白.     

Purification and characterization of chitinase from Alcaligenes xylosoxydans

Extracellular chitinase from Alcaligenes xylosoxydans was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using affinity and gel filtration chromatography. The molecularmass of chitinase was estimated to be 45 kDa and44 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel-filtration, respectively. The enzyme was optimally active at 50 °C (over 30 min) and pH 5. Activity staining after PAGE showed a single band. The Km for chitin was 3 g l^–1. Cu²⁺ and Na⁺ at 5 mM inhibited chitinase activity to 25% while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ba²⁺ had no effect at the same concentration. The purified enzyme degraded mycelia of Aspergillus niger.     

Purification and characterization of chitinase from Streptomyces sp. M-20

Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. M-20 and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. No exochitinase activity was found in the culture filtrate. The molecular mass of the purified chitinase was 20 kDa, estimated by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was confirmed by activity staining with Calcofluor White M2R. Chitinase was optimally active at pH of 5.0 and at 30 degrees C. The enzyme was stable from pH 4 to 8, and up to 40 degrees C. Among the metals and inhibitors that were tested, the Hg(+), Hg(2+), and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid completely inhibited the enzyme activity. The chitinase activity was high on colloidal chitin, chitotriose, and chitooligosaccharide. The purified chitinase showed antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, and lysozyme activity against the cell wall of Botrytis cinerea.     

扁豆几丁酶的特性和诱导

采用再生几丁质亲和层析和两性电解质等电聚焦电泳,纯化了扁豆荚几了酶,其分子量３０ｋＤ,等电点为９．１,主要呈内切酶活性。扁豆荚中不同组织几丁酶比活力有很大差异。在豆荚发育过程中,其酶活性变化呈单峰曲线,而比活力则持续上升,表明扁豆几丁酶活性变化与发育相关。经ＨｇＣｌ２处理后,扁豆荚壳和种子的几丁酶活性均明显提高。在扁豆荚发育的不同阶段,几丁酶的诱导特性也有明显差异,幼嫩豆荚几丁酶诱导活性的增加更为明显。     

Pseudomonas sp. RT-1低温脂肪酶的纯化及酶学特性

Pseudomonas sp. RT-1是从低温环境下分离的低温脂肪酶产生菌,对该菌产生的胞外脂肪酶(PL-1)进行纯化,并对其酶学特性进行初步研究。Pseudomonas sp. RT-1的发酵上清液经60%(NH4)2SO4沉淀、12~14000截留相对分子质量(MWCO)透析袋透析、Sephadex G75分子筛和超滤浓缩后,得到了电泳纯的P-L1。SDS-PAGE电泳估算其表观相对分子质量为4.43×104。对其酶学特性研究表明:PL-1是低温碱性脂肪酶且对有机溶剂的耐受性较好。10~40℃内有较好的催化活性,最适作用温度为18℃;0~50℃该酶的稳定性较好,当温度超过50℃时则容易失活;最适作用pH为10.2,且pH在9~11时较稳定;该酶对有机溶剂的耐受性较好,10mmol/L的Ca2+、K+、Na+和Fe3+对PL1的酶活力有促进作用,其中Ca2+促进作用最大,提高了146.07%,而10mmol/L的Cu2+、Co2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ba2+和Al3+对酶活力具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中Al3+抑制作用最强,抑制了98.55%;PL-1对C链长度小于或等于12的短链脂肪酸形成的甘油三酯具有较强的水解能力;1mmol/L的去氧胆酸盐(desoxycholate)和0.01%的Triton X100对酶活力具有提高作用,分别提高了30.74%和11.83%;0.01%的SDS和Tween-80、1mmol/L的EDTA和尿素对酶活都有抑制作用,其中EDTA的抑制作用最大,抑制了80%。     

Production of Antifungal Chitinase by Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 and Its Potential Role in the Biological Control

Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 produces an antifungal chitinase. Different sources of chitin in the medium were used to test the production of the chitinase. Chitinase production was most effective when colloidal chitin and shrimp shell were used as substrates. The optimum incubation period for chitinase production by Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 was 6?days. The chitinase was purified from the culture medium by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 43?kDa. The highest activity was obtained at 40?°C for both crude and purified enzymes. The crude chitinase activity was stable during 180?min incubation at 40?°C, but purified chitinase lost about 25?% of its activity under these conditions. Optimal pH for chitinase activity was pH 6–6.5. The activity of crude and purified enzyme was stabilized by Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions, but inhibited by Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. Chitinase isolated from Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 inhibited the growth of the fungal phytopathogens: Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. The growth of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum was not affected.     

Purification and characteristics of cytosolic chitinase from Piromyces communis OTS1

Abstract A chitinase was purified from the cytosolic fraction of the anaerobic rumen fungus Piromyces communis OTS1 by affinity chromatography using regenerated chitin, gel filtration and chromatofocusing. The chitinase was most active at pH 6.2 and at 60 °C in a 20-min assay. The molecular mass of the purified protein was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 42 kDa and its pI was 4.9. The enzyme activity, which was of the 'endo' type, was inhibited by A⁺, Hg²⁺ and allosamidin. N -Acetyl- β -glucosaminidase and 'exo' type chitinase activity were absent from the purified preparation.