珠江三角洲水域底泥中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物分析

分析孔雀石绿(MG)、隐色孔雀石绿(LMG)、结晶紫(CV)、隐色结晶紫(LCV)标样的稳定特性(光、热), 结果表明: LMG、LMG、CV 和LCV 在自然光下照射40 h, 出现不同程度降解, 降解率分别为21.6%, 26.5%, 18.19%,29.28%。四种标样在0-50 ℃避光处理2 h, 均未出现明显降解。同时, 采用高效液相色谱技术对珠江三角洲水产养殖池塘和珠江出海口底泥的MG、LMG、CV 和LCV 含量进行了分析。样品采用乙腈: 二氯甲烷=1︰1 萃取两次, 经PbO2 柱后衍生后检测, 检测方法回收率为76.3%-89.9%, RSD≤3.9%, 检出限为0.001-0.0043 g·mL–1, 结果表明:水产养殖池塘10 个取样点的底泥均有MG 残留, 残留量最高的达0.0307 g·g–1, 其它样品残留量在 0.0011-0.0152 g·g–1之间; 其中有3 个取样点底泥有LMG 残留, 残留量在0.0073-0.0309 g·g–1 之间。珠江河口的虎门、蕉门、鸡啼门、磨刀门、虎跳门和崖门均检测到CV, 含量在0.0028-0.0361 g·g–1, 洪沥门和横门均未检出CV。所有取样点均未检出到LCV。     

结晶紫的抗肿瘤作用

恶性肿瘤是全球公共卫生领域的重大挑战,严重威胁着人类健康。尽管现代医学在肿瘤治疗方面取得了显著进展,但新型抗肿瘤药物的研发仍面临高成本、长周期及可及性问题,尤其在经济欠发达地区更为突出。因此,探索价格低廉且高效的抗肿瘤药物具有重要意义。结晶紫（gentian violet, GV）是一种传统的三芳基甲烷染料,早期被广泛用于组织染色、抗菌和抗真菌治疗。近年来,研究发现GV具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,其作用机制涉及多条细胞信号通路。此外,GV在多种肿瘤类型中均表现出抑制作用,包括淋巴瘤、肝癌、黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌及胶质瘤等。GV因其低耐药性、低毒性、低成本及药物监管要求较少等优势,成为“老药新用”策略下具有潜在应用价值的抗肿瘤药物。总结了GV的抗肿瘤作用及其潜在机制,重点介绍了其对T细胞淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胶质瘤等多种肿瘤的抑制作用及可能的分子机制,以期为未来的基础机制研究和临床应用提供科学依据。     

再力花残体活性炭的制备及对结晶紫的吸附

以多年生水生植物再力花残体为原料,磷酸为活化剂制备活性炭,其BET比表面积达1174.13 m2·g-1,微孔面积为426.99 m2·g-1,平均孔径为3.23 nm.考察了不同pH、结晶紫初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度下,活性炭对结晶紫的吸附性能.结果表明:吸附量基本不随pH变化;吸附过程主要分为快速吸附和慢速吸附2个阶段,符合伪二级动力学方程;在温度为293、303、313 K条件下,吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大吸附量分别为409.83、425.53和438.59 mg.g-1,且吸附是一个熵增的自发吸热过程.     

胡萝卜素产生菌粘红酵母ZR－5的培养优化条件研究

本文报道胡萝卜素产生菌粘红酵母（Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａｇｌｕｔｉｎｉｓ）ＺＲ－５的培养优化条件。结果表明培养基组分、糖浓度、通气量、培养时间、培养基起始ｐＨ值等对该菌细胞生物量和胡萝卜素含量均有影响。在确定的优化条件下,细胞生物量为２７．７ｍｇ干重／ｍｌ培养基;胡萝卜素含量为３７５μｇ／ｇ干重细胞。     

海洋红酵母Y2发酵产类胡萝卜素条件的研究

目的 对海洋红酵母Y2高产类胡萝卜素的发酵条件进行优化.方法 在摇瓶条件下,研究培养基成分和培养条件对海洋红酵母Y2生长和类胡萝卜素合成的影响,同时进行海洋红酵母Y2发酵过程的动态分析.结果 海洋红酵母Y2优化培养基组合为葡萄糖45 g/L,蔗糖15 g/L,酵母粉5 g/L,蛋白胨2.5 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1 g/L,磷酸二氢钠3 g/L,硫酸镁7.5 g/L,氯化钾3 g/L,氯化钠5 g/L.最适培养参数为:温度20℃,培养基初始pH为5,接种量为10％,250 mL摇瓶装液量为10～50 mL.类胡萝卜素的合成主要集中在对数生长期和稳定期.海洋红酵母Y2最适收获时间为72 h.种龄以36 h为宜.结论 利用优化培养基,在最适条件下培养海洋红酵母Y2,类胡萝卜素产量达到4.97 mg/L,比基础培养基提高了60.32％.     

红酵母COS—5产胡萝卜素条件的研究

研究碳源、氮源和添加剂对红酵母（Rhodotorulasp．）COS－5产胡萝卜素的影响,并通过正交试验优化其产胡萝卜素的培养基组成。结果表明,COS－5产胡萝卜素的适宜培养基：蔗糖50g、蛋白胨5g、酵母膏5g、桔子皮15g、盐酸硫胺素0．002g、定容1L,pH6．0.250mL三角瓶装培养基30mL。在上述条件下28℃振荡培养96h,细胞生物量为27．5mg干重／mL发酵液,胡萝卜素含量达492．7μg／g干重细胞。COS－5胡萝卜素在474．4nm、338．6nm和310．2nm处有     

一株红酵母产类胡萝卜素的研究

对自然分离得到的产类胡萝卜素菌株Ｈｍ６８进行了菌种鉴定,色素成份分析,确定其产生的类胡萝卜素中含有β胡萝卜素。该菌株在１％麦芽糖为唯一碳源的培养基中生长良好,类胡萝卜素产量达６２５μｇ／ｇ。     

海洋红酵母的研究进展

海洋红酵母富含氨基酸、维生素及类胡萝卜素等多种营养物质,有较好的耐盐性,是天然色素源、极具潜力的饲料蛋白和食品添加剂,具有很高的应用价值。概述了海洋红酵母的主要特性,总结了国内外海洋红酵母菌种、培养条件及工业应用等方面的研究进展及发展前景。     

黑曲霉RAF106菌丝球形成的影响因素及对结晶紫的吸附作用

【背景】黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）作为一种代表性丝状真菌已被广泛用于酶制剂、有机酸、抗生素等高价值代谢产物的工业生产、食品发酵、环境治理等行业,其代谢能力、发酵性能等与菌体形态密切相关。然而,黑曲霉对染料、重金属等的吸附能力与菌体形态的关系鲜有报道。【目的】探究黑曲霉菌丝球形成的影响因素及其对结晶紫的吸附作用。【方法】以从普洱茶分离的黑曲霉RAF106为研究对象,实时监测马铃薯葡萄糖培养液中黑曲霉菌丝球的形成过程;探究培养液的初始pH （4.0-10.0）、培养温度（25-45°C）、孢子接种量（5×10⁴-5×10⁶个/m L）、摇床转速（140-220 r/min）、碳源（葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、乳糖、醋酸钠）和氮源（硝酸钠、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取粉、氯化铵）对菌丝球形成的影响;以结晶紫为对象,研究不同菌体形态及菌丝球大小对黑曲霉吸附废水染料能力的影响。【结果】在黑曲霉RAF106中,孢子聚集、菌丝聚集均可形成菌丝球;菌丝球的大小与培养液初始p H、孢子接种量成反比,与摇床转速无关;当温度低于35°C时,菌丝球大小与温度成正比,...     

Fabrication of hybrid biosorbent nanoscale zero-valent iron-Sargassum swartzii biocomposite for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution

A novel nanoscale zero-valent iron-Sargassum swartzii (nZVI-SS) biocomposite was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to adsorb crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. Involvement of various functional groups of the biosorbent in preferential adsorption of cationic dye was observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Morphological changes occurring on the biocomposite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant increase (～90%) in the biosorption of cationic dye was observed with gradual increase in pH of the medium from 3 to 12. The effect of biosorbent concentration, initial pH, temperature, agitation rate, adsorption time, and initial dye concentration was studied for the biosorption of CV using nZVI biocomposite. During the optimization study, maximum biosorption capacity was observed at pH of 8. At various initial CV concentrations (20–100 mg/L), attainment of batch sorption equilibrium was observed within 120 min of reaction time. The Langmuir isotherm model expressed high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.999). The maximum dye uptake of 200 mg/g was reported at pH 8. Kinetics and temperature profiles were evaluated and reported. Desorption study was carried out with 0.1 M HCl. Investigations proved that nZVI-SS is an excellent biosorbent for the sequestration of CV in aqueous media.     

Evaluation of four colourimetric susceptibility tests for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates

The purpose of this study is to evaluate four rapid colourimetric methods, including the resazurin microtitre assay (REMA), malachite green decolourisation assay (MGDA), microplate nitrate reductase assay (MNRA) and crystal violet decolourisation assay (CVDA), for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. Fifty Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were used in this study. Eighteen isolates were MDR, two isolates were only resistant to isoniazid (INH) and the remaining isolates were susceptible to both INH and rifampicin (RIF). INH and RIF were tested in 0.25 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The agar proportion method was used as a reference method. MNRA and REMA were performed with some modifications. MGDA and CVDA were performed as defined in the literature. The agreements of the MNRA for INH and RIF were 96% and 94%, respectively, while the agreement of the other assays for INH and RIF were 98%. In this study, while the specificities of the REMA, MGDA and CVDA were 100%, the specificity of the MNRA was lower than the others (93.3% for INH and 90.9% for RIF). In addition, while the sensitivity of the MNRA was 100%, the sensitivities of the others were lower than that of the MNRA (from 94.1-95%). The results were reported on the seventh-10th day of the incubation. All methods are reliable, easy to perform, inexpensive and easy to evaluate and do not require special equipment.     

Simultaneous determination of malachite green, gentian violet and their leuco metabolites in catfish or trout tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography with visible detection

A sensitive analytical procedure for the determination of residues of leucomalachite green (LMG)-malachite green (MG) and leucogentian violet (LGV)-gentian violet (GV) in catfish or trout tissue is presented. Frozen (−20°C) fish fillets were cut into small pieces and blended in a Waring blender. A 20-g amount of homogenized fish tissue was extracted with acetonitrile-buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and cleaned up on tandem neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Samples of 100 μl (0.8 g equiv.) were chromatographed isocratically in 10 min using an acetonitrile-buffer mobile phase on a short-chain deactivated (SCD) reversed-phase column (250×4.6 mm I.D.) in-line with a post-column PbO₂ oxidation reactor. The PbO₂ post-column reactor efficiently oxidized LMG to the chromatic MG, and LGV to the chromatic GV permitting visible detection at 588 nm for all four compounds. Linearity was demonstrated with standards over the range of 0.5–50 ng per injection. Recoveries of LMG, MG, LGV and GV from catfish tissues fortified at 10 ng/g were 75.4±3.0, 61.3±4.1, 72.6±3.7 and 87.9±2.5, respectively, while trout tissues fortified at 10 ng/g yielded recoveries of 82.6±2.3, 48.6±1.8, 72.1±2.1 and 83.8±4.6 (mean±S.D., N=4), respectively.     

Inorganic phosphate assay with malachite green: An improvement and evaluation

An improvement over existing procedures for the determination of nanomole quantities of inorganic phosphate (P_i) is described. The protocol is simplified, and the effective concentration range of P_i in which the assay may be used is increased to 60 nmol/ml. Many of the substances commonly used in association with P_i assays (i.e. phosphohydrolase studies) are shown not to interface with the measurement of P_i by this method. The effects of detergents and protein on the assay also were investigated, and methods for avoiding interferences by them are described.     

用复合孔雀绿分析无机磷的改良方法

在研究酸度、钼酸钠浓度及孔雀绿浓度对显色影响的基础上,用复合孔雀绿试剂分析无机磷,该方法平行程度很好．测定10个标准管光吸收的标准差=0.0065,变异系数=1.26%,可以用于测定Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活力等．