缺磷胁迫下烟草中草酸含量的变化（简报）

用1／2Hoagland营养液培养6个不同烟草品种,于缺磷后不同时期,测定根、叶中草酸含量的结果显示,在处理后10d时的根和叶中草酸含量均开始上升,并随胁迫时间的延长而增大,其中以中烟90和牛津26提高最为显著。根中未测出乙醇酸氧化酶活化,叶中此酶的活性较高,但不受缺磷胁迫的影响;缺磷处理的根和叶中异柠檬酸裂解酶活性变化也不明显。     

烟草叶片中草酸形成有其向下运输（简报）

水培条件下烟草根、茎、叶中的草酸含量呈极显著正相关。光照条件下用^14CO2饲喂烟草叶片后,叶中很快有大量^13C-草酸形成,随后分别在茎、根中检测到^14C－草酸,时间上相差约１h。这表明烟草叶片通过光合固定CO2,其光合产物可很快转化为草酸,部分草酸可通过茎向根部运输。     

烟草叶片组织培养及植株再生(简报)

烟草叶片外植体在MS 2,4-D0．5mg／L 6-BA1．0mg,L的培养基上培养15d后,产生絮状疏松的浅黄绿色的愈伤组织,30d后开始从愈伤组织表面分化产生幼芽,60d后平均每块愈伤组织产生30棵幼芽。将幼芽转至含0．2mg/L NAA的MS培养基上形成根,并得到完整植株。     

烟草叶片中草酸形成及其向下运输(简报)

水培条件下烟草根、茎、叶中的草酸含量呈极显著正相关。光照条件下用14CO2饲喂烟草叶片后,叶中很快有大量14C-草酸形成,随后分别在茎、根中检测到14C-草酸,时间上相差约1h。这表明烟草叶片通过光合固定CO2,其光合产物可很快转化为草酸,部分草酸可通过茎向根部运输。     

烟草叶片比叶重及净光合速率的变化（简报）

大田期的烟草比叶重的变化规律呈“S”形曲线,延迟采收期于成熟后期比叶重下降。净光合速率(Pn)呈单峰曲线形式,各部位叶Pn高峰出观时期及峰值不同。比叶重适中是优质烟叶品质的特征之一。     

烟草叶肉原生质体快速再生植株的简易方法

本文介绍了培养烟草叶肉原生质体快速再生完整植株的简易方法。用及时调整培养基中的植物激素使愈伤组织阶段缩短,游离的原生质体能在6—8周内发育成形态正常的完整植株。     

半日花的组织培养及植株再生（简报）

半日花(Helianthemum Songaricum Schrenk)是半日花科半日花属落叶小灌木,分布于新疆、甘肃和内蒙古等荒漠地区海拔1000米至1300米山地。为亚洲中部荒漠特有种和古地中海植物区系孑遗种,是生长了7000万年的远古植物。比具有“活化石”之称的水杉和银杏还要早几千万年。植物学家将它及与     

草酸氧化酶基因转化烟草的研究

为研究草酸氧化酶基因(OxO)对植物抗病的作用,将含有CaMV 35s启动子的植物表达载体以根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的叶盘方法,转化了烟草97131。具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株经PCR检测,得到了与阳性对照一致的470bp的片段,进一步对PCR产物测序表明OxO基因已整合进烟草基因组中。在对草酸的耐受性实验中,转基因烟草对草酸的抗性明显高于未转化烟草。     

Production of Doubled Haploids from Androgenic Embryoids and Plantlets of Tobacco

In four experiments, the chromosome doubling effect of acenaphthene vapour was tested on androgenic embryoids and/or plantlets of tobacco. The maximum rate of plants with doubled chromosome numbers (41.3 % diploids plus 2.7 % tetraploids) was recorded when approx. 100 mg acenaphthene in small and sterilized cheese-cloth bags were hanged for 72 h, into the culture jars (6.0 × 11.5 cm), containing 4 – 6 androgenic plantlets newly transferred from culture tubes. Acenaphthene treatments performed at the earlier stages of culture resulted in lower percentages (from 0.0 to 6.3 %). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Stomatal Morphology during Acclimatization of Tobacco Plantlets to ex vitro Conditions

Image analysis was used in studying stomatal morphology during acclimatization of tobacco plantlets to ex vitro conditions, 45 d after transfer leaf area was 15 times, and total number of stomata per leaf four times increased. During acclimatization stomatal density was decreased considerably on both leaf sides, and was compensated by an increase in stomatal sizes, e.g., in stomatal length and in stomatal area (both guard cells and pore). Elongation of stomata was increased indicating that the originally circular stomata of in vitro plantlets were changed into elliptical ones in ex vitro acclimatized plants. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Leaf Structure of Tobacco In Vitro Grown Plantlets as Affected by Saccharose and Irradiance

Tobacco plantlets were cultured in vitro under high (200 µmol m^–2 s^–1) or low (60 µmol m^–2 s^–1) irradiance with or without saccharose in the medium. Light microscopy and image analysis were used to evaluate the effect of these culture conditions on leaf anatomy. Addition of saccharose resulted in thicker leaves (all leaf layers) and larger mesophyll cells under both growth irradiances. Various irradiance affected leaf anatomy differently when plantlets had been cultivated in presence or absence of saccharose in the medium. While under high irradiance in presence of saccharose leaf thickness and number of chloroplasts per cell section were increased, plantlets grown under high irradiance in absence of saccharose had thinner leaves and less chloroplasts per cell section. The changes were more pronounced in palisade parenchyma layer.     

Responses of Tobacco Plantlets to Change of Irradiance During Transfer from in vitro to ex vitro Conditions

Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics, net photosynthetic rate (P _N), water relations, and photosynthetic pigment contents were studied during acclimation of in vitro grown tobacco to higher irradiance (HL; 700 mol m^–2 s^–1). Plantlets were grown on medium containing sucrose in glass vessels (G-plants) or in Magenta boxes (M-plants) with better CO₂ supply in the latter ones. The effect of HL was studied either (1) in plantlets grown under original in vitro conditions (closed vessels), (2) in in vitro plantlets exposed to ambient CO₂ concentration (covers removed), or (3) in plantlets transplanted to ex vitro into pots with sand and nutrient solution. Higher P _N, and fraction of closed photosystem 2 (PS2) centres (1 – q_P), and lower content of xanthophyll cycle pigments were found in M-plants compared to G-plants. HL treatment caused photoinhibition particularly in plants kept in closed vessels. This was indicated by the decrease in the ratio of F_v/F_m and by the increase in non-photochemical quenching, 1 – qp, and content of xanthophyll cycle pigments. Better CO₂ supply ensured by the removal of closure lead to the moderate reduction of symptoms of photoinhibition, although stomatal conductance (g _s), transpiration rate (E), and P _N were negatively affected. The main reason was the decrease in relative air humidity, which caused similar reduction of P _N, E, and g _s after the transfer of plantlets to ex vitro. Nevertheless, plant response to HL seemed not to be affected by any possible root injury caused by transfer to ex vitro. The differences in contents of xanthophyll cycle pigments, degree of de-epoxidation, P _N, and quenching parameters between M- and G-plantlets were still significant 7 d after ex vitro transfer and HL acclimation.     

Spatial Distribution of Lectin Activity in Perilesional Areas of Tobacco Leaves Inoculated with Tobacco Mosaic Virus

The activities of lectins and peroxidase and lignin content were studied in the perilesional area of leaves in two tobacco species (Nicotiana tabacumL., cultivar Samsun NN, and N. glutinosa L.) inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus. The development of hypersensitivity response proved to be accompanied by a complex spatial and temporal distribution of lectin activity. The area 5–9 mm away from the lesion center was characterized by the highest activity of loosely bound membrane lectins eluted with 0.05% Triton X-100. In the fraction of tightly bound membrane lectins (eluted with 0.5% detergent), lectin activity decreased during the first two days but increased on day 4 after inoculation. The activity of loosely bound membrane lectins increased in the leaf areas distant from the lesion. Two-phase dynamics in the interlesional area were also observed for lectin activity in the tightly bound membrane fraction (decrease on day 2 days and increase on day 4 after inoculation) and for peroxidase activity (increase on day 2 days and decrease on day 4). The relationship between the dynamics and spatial distribution of lectins in the perilesional area and the possible involvement of these proteins in pathogen-induced changes in photosynthesis are discussed.     

虎掌（天南星科）中草酸钙晶体的形态和分布

在光学显微镜下对虎掌（Pinellia pedatisecta）营养器官和繁殖器官中晶体的类型和分布进行了观察和分析,探讨晶体的功能与作用机制。结果表明：（1）虎掌各个器官中都发现有晶体,且晶体类型有针晶、簇晶、砂晶和柱晶4种形态,其中针晶最为常见。（2）虎掌叶中的晶体大多以针晶状分布在叶片上表皮下的叶肉中,少数分布在叶下表皮下的叶肉中,其次砂晶和星芒状簇晶也在叶中较常见,叶中也有少量的柱晶。（3）虎掌的块茎中分布有大量的针晶束,在输导组织附近还有一些大的簇晶;虎掌的不定根中分布有不整齐的针晶和排列不规则的针晶束以及少量大的簇晶。（4）虎掌的佛焰苞中分布有针晶、簇晶和砂晶,且在佛焰苞中的针晶主要分布于上、下表皮之下的叶肉中,砂晶多分布在佛焰苞的上、下表皮上。（5）虎掌的花药壁中分布有针晶束,其方向和花药壁表面垂直,而花粉囊中只有小的簇晶。（6）虎掌的果皮和种皮上分布有大量的针晶。根据晶体在酸中的溶解性,虎掌体内所有晶体的化学成分都为草酸钙。研究认为,虎掌各个器官中的各种草酸钙晶体对于保护虎掌免受食草动物取食具有重要的作用。