水飞蓟宾抑制TNF-α诱导的MMP-9在胃癌细胞中的表达

目的确定在胃癌细胞株中水飞蓟宾对TNF-α诱导的MMP-9表达的影响。方法应用细胞增殖分析、化学抑制剂处理、免疫印迹、流式细胞分析、腺病毒转移等技术完成实验。结果在SNU216和SNU668胃癌细胞中,MMP-9mRNA和蛋白的表达都被TNF-α剂量依赖性地提高。另-方面,TNF—α诱导的MMP-9表达被水飞蓟宾剂量依赖性地抑制。结论在胃癌细胞中水飞蓟宾可减少TNF-α诱导的MMP-9表达。     

基于PTEN-PI3K-AKT信号通路探讨竹节参总皂苷抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖和转移的机制

目的:竹节参是人参属植物,和人参成分相似,前期研究其对肺癌具有一定的抑制作用,但作用机制不清,因此,本项目拟研究竹节参皂苷对人肺癌细胞系A549增殖、迁移和侵袭能力以及PTEN-PI3K-AKT信号通路的影响。方法:CCK8法测定不同浓度和不同作用时间的竹节参皂苷对A549存活率的影响,划痕实验测定细胞迁移能力,Transwell小室测定细胞的侵袭能力,ELISA试剂盒测定培养基上清中MMP-2和MMP-9水平的变化。Western blot测定PTEN、P-PI3K和P-Akt表达的变化。结果:竹节参皂苷对A549细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,呈浓度和时间依赖关系,与对照组比较具有统计学差异。同时,竹节参皂苷可以浓度依赖性的抑制细胞侵袭和转移,以及MMP-2和MMP-9细胞因子的分泌。Western blot结果表明竹节参皂苷可促进PTEN蛋白表达,抑制P-PI3K和P-Akt蛋白表达,采用PTEN的特异性抑制剂SF1670证实竹节参皂苷通过抑制PTEN发挥作用。结论:竹节参皂苷可抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,以及分泌蛋白MMP-2和MMP-9表达,其作用机制可能是通过调控PTEN抑制PI3K和Akt磷酸化,从而发挥抗癌作用。     

水飞蓟宾抑制肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和迁移能力

目的探讨水飞蓟宾对肝癌细胞生长、增殖和迁移能力的影响。方法用含不同浓度水飞蓟宾的培养基孵育HepG2细胞后,采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,应用MTT法、Ed U掺入实验和细胞克隆形成实验法检测细胞增殖能力,应用细胞划痕试验分析水飞蓟宾对HepG2迁移能力的影响。结果用不同浓度水飞蓟宾刺激HepG2细胞后,倒置显微镜镜检显示:水飞蓟宾刺激使细胞数目减少,胞体皱缩变小,高浓度刺激时出现较多的死亡细胞。MTT分析、Ed U增殖实验和克隆形成实验显示:水飞蓟宾刺激使细胞增殖能力显著降低,细胞的克隆形成数显著减少。细胞划痕试验结果显示:水飞蓟宾对HepG2细胞的迁移爬行能力也产生明显抑制作用。结论水飞蓟宾能抑制HepG2细胞的增殖和迁移能力,这可能是其发挥抗肿瘤作用的机制之一。     

IL-8对肺腺癌A549细胞迁移的影响及其机制探讨

探讨IL-8对肺腺癌A549细胞迁移的影响及其可能机制。用MTT法选择了合适的IL-8使用浓度。分别用划痕试验及Transwell试验证明了IL-8可以促进肺腺癌A549细胞的迁移。Westernblot结果表明:(1)IL-8可以促进MMP-2蛋白的表达,而对MMP-9的表达无明显影响;(2)IL-8可促进JNK/SAPK磷酸化蛋白的表达;(3)抑制剂(SP600125)可以阻断IL-8对MMP-2蛋白表达的影响。划痕试验从反面验证了低表达的MMP-2可以抑制A549细胞的迁移。表明IL-8可通过JNK/SAPK信号通路调控MMP-2蛋白的表达,进一步促进肺腺癌A549细胞的迁移。     

水飞蓟宾对人肝癌HepG2细胞迁移的作用研究

目的观察水飞蓟宾对人肝癌(HCC)HepG2细胞迁移的作用。方法采用MTT法观察水飞蓟宾对HepG2细胞的增殖抑制作用,采用细胞划痕实验和Transwell小室法观察水飞蓟宾对HepG2细胞迁移的作用,通过RT-PCR方法检测迁移相关基因Twist、Snail和Slug的表达水平;采用单因素方差分析方法比较不同浓度水飞蓟宾对细胞活力、细胞迁移距离的和迁移细胞个数的影响,并比较各组间Twist、Snail和Slug的转率。结果 MTT检测结果显示不同浓度(0,30,60,120,240,480μg/ml)水飞蓟宾可以不同程度地抑制HepG2细胞增殖,同时呈现剂量依赖和时间依赖(P0.05);与对照组相比,HepG2细胞在划痕24 h后,水飞蓟宾组(60,120,240μg/ml)的迁移距离分别为(1.50±0.24)cm(P=0.046)、(1.20±0.33)cm(P=0.037)和(1.05±0.24)cm(P=0.029);Transwell实验中水飞蓟宾组(60,120和240μg/ml)细胞迁移个数分别为(100.00±4.25)个、(30.00±5.34)个和(6.00±2.28)个(P均0.05);PCR结果显示,水飞蓟宾不同程度的降低HepG2细胞Snail、Slug和Twist基因的转率。结论水飞蓟宾可抑制人HCC HepG2细胞的迁移。     

SB-431542抑制乳腺癌细胞BT-549的增殖和侵袭及其机理研究

肿瘤转移是导致肿瘤患者死亡的最主要原因,TGF-β超家族成员Nodal分子被证实参与肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移,因而基于Nodal信号为靶标开展抗肿瘤研究成为可能。该研究应用Western blot检测乳腺癌细胞株BT-549、T-47D、MCF-7、SK-BR-3和MDA—MB-231中的Nodal和基质金属蛋白酶-2（matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2）的表达水平,发现它们在BT-549细胞中表达量最高。然后采用不同浓度_Nodal信号抑制剂SB．431542（1-50μmol／L）处理BT-549细胞48h,利用MTT法揭示20～50gmol／L的SB-431542抑制该细胞增殖。进一步利用细胞划痕和Transwell实验证明,10μmol／L的SB-431542可抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。最后,通过明胶酶谱和Westernblot显示,10～30gmol／L的sB．431542可剂量依赖性地抑制MMP-2的表达和活性。上述结果说明,SB-431542通过阻断Nodal信号通路可效抑制乳腺癌细胞BT-549的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其作用机制可能与降低MMP-2的表达和活性有关。     

红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架对肺癌细胞的抗癌作用及机制

前人研究发现红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(N-CWS)具有较好的抗癌活性,然而其对肺癌的抗癌作用机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在揭示N-CWS对肺癌细胞的抗癌作用及机制。通过平板克隆形成实验测定N-CWS对人肺腺癌细胞系A549菌落形成的影响,发现N-CWS可按照浓度依赖性方式降低A549细胞的菌落形成能力(p0.05)。通过5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷(EdU)法测定N-CWS对肺癌细胞增殖能力的影响,发现N-CWS可按照浓度依赖性方式降低EdU阳性细胞比例(p0.05)。通过Transwell小室和伤口愈合实验评估N-CWS对肺癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响,发现N-CWS以A549浓度依赖性方式降低细胞的侵袭和迁移数量及伤口愈合百分比(p0.05)。通过qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测N-CWS对A549细胞E-cadherin、IL-6和MMP-9表达的影响,发现N-CWS以浓度依赖性方式上调了A549细胞的E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白表达(p0.05),但以浓度依赖性方式下调了IL-6和MMP-9的m RNA和蛋白表达(p0.05)。本研究证实红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架可按照浓度依赖性方式降低肺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,其抗癌机制与上调E-cadherin和下调IL-6和MMP-9有关。     

水飞蓟宾诱导肺腺癌Anip973细胞凋亡的分子机制研究

目的：探讨水飞蓟宾诱导肺腺癌Anip973细胞系细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法：采用MTT法、倒置显微镜和电子显微镜等形态学检测以及流式细胞仪（FCM）技术检测、DNALadder分析、凋亡分子PARP的表达检测细胞凋亡,同时进行凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3和caspase-9表达活性分析。结果：（1）水飞蓟宾对人肺腺癌Anip973细胞系细胞的增殖有显著抑制作用;（2）水飞蓟宾作用Anip973细胞48h后,随着浓度的增加,倒置显微镜下可见细胞数目减少,胞体变小、变圆,到高浓度时出现较多的死亡细胞;（3）扫描电镜观察发现,随着水飞蓟宾作用浓度的增加,Anip973细胞中出现增多的凋亡细胞,凋亡细胞表现出典型的超微结构特征;（4）流式细胞仪检测的结果发现,随着药物作用时间的延长,Anip973细胞的G1期细胞比例增多,S期细胞明显减少,G2期细胞略有减少,并出现明显的凋亡峰。（5）水飞蓟宾作用后的Anip973细胞出现明显的DNALadder和PARP降解增加等凋亡特征;（6）水飞蓟宾作用后,Anip973细胞中的凋亡相关蛋白Bax表达增加、caspase-3和caspase-9酶活性增加,而Bcl-2表达降低。结论：水飞蓟宾在体外有抑制人肺腺癌细胞Anip973的增殖作用,并通过激活线粒体依赖的caspase凋亡通路,诱导其凋亡。     

水飞蓟宾诱导肺腺癌Anip973 细胞凋亡的分子机制研究

目的:探讨水飞蓟宾诱导肺腺癌Anip973细胞系细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法:采用MTT法、倒置显微镜和电子显微镜等形态学检测以及流式细胞仪(FCM)技术检测、DNALadder分析、凋亡分子PARP的表达检测细胞凋亡,同时进行凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3和caspase-9表达活性分析。结果:(1)水飞蓟宾对人肺腺癌Anip973细胞系细胞的增殖有显著抑制作用;(2)水飞蓟宾作用Anip973细胞48h后,随着浓度的增加,倒置显微镜下可见细胞数目减少,胞体变小、变圆,到高浓度时出现较多的死亡细胞;(3)扫描电镜观察发现,随着水飞蓟宾作用浓度的增加,Anip973细胞中出现增多的凋亡细胞,凋亡细胞表现出典型的超微结构特征;(4)流式细胞仪检测的结果发现,随着药物作用时间的延长,Anip973细胞的G1期细胞比例增多,S期细胞明显减少,G2期细胞略有减少,并出现明显的凋亡峰。(5)水飞蓟宾作用后的Anip973细胞出现明显的DNALadder和PARP降解增加等凋亡特征;(6)水飞蓟宾作用后,Anip973细胞中的凋亡相关蛋白Bax表达增加、caspase-3和caspase-9酶活性增加,而Bcl-2表达降低。结论:水飞蓟宾在体外有抑制人肺腺癌细胞Anip973的增殖作用,并通过激活线粒体依赖的caspase凋亡通路,诱导其凋亡。     

hCG对绒癌细胞系MMP-2和MMP-8表达的影响

为了探讨人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG)对绒并且吕细胞侵袭性相关基因表达的影响作用。采用逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测方法,观察了不同浓度hCG不同处理时间对JEG-3绒癌细胞系表达基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-2和MMP-8）的影响。结果显示,绒癌细胞系JEG-3表达MMP-2和MMP-8;分别用0、50、500、5000、25000IU/LhCG处理48h后,JEG-3细胞中MMP-2mRNA的含量无明显变化。MMP-8mRNA的表达则被诱导,并随hCG作用浓度增高而增强,进一步研究处理时间对MMP表达的影响。结果发现经25000IU/LhCG处理的JEG-3细胞,MMP-8的表达随处理时间的延长逐渐增强,而MMP-2的表达则在第6h被显著诱导后逐渐降低,以上结果提示,hCG可诱导绒癌细胞系JEG-3中MMP-2和MMP-8两种基质金属蛋白酶的表达,并因此可能对绒癌细胞系的侵袭性具有影响作用。然而hCG对这两者表达的影响规律并不完全一致。     

Silibinin inhibits cell invasion through inactivation of both PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways

Silibinin, isolated from Silybum marianum, has been known for its hepatoprotective properties and recent studies have revealed its antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on several cancer cells. An inhibitory effect of silibinin on tumor invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and urokinasetype plasminogen activator (u-PA) activities in culture medium has been observed in our previous study and the impacts of silibinin on enzyme activities of MMPs, u-PA, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt in A549 cells were continued to explore in this study. Our results showed that silibinin exerted an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of Akt, as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which are the members of the MAPK family involved in the up-regulation of MMPs or u-PA, while no effects on the activities of p38(MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase were observed. A treatment with silibinin to A549 cells also led to a dose-dependent inhibition on the activation of NF-kappaB, c-Jun and c-Fos. Additionally, the treatment of inhibitors specific for MEK (U0126) or PI3K (LY294002) to A549 cells could result in a reduced expression of MMP-2 and u-PA concomitantly with a marked inhibition on cell invasion. These findings suggested that the inhibition on MMP-2 and u-PA expression by silibinin may be through a suppression on ERK1/2 or Akt phosphorylation, which in turn led to the reduced invasiness of the cancer cells.     

Effects of E-cadherin on mouse embryo implantation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9

E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein, which is responsible for adhesion between epithelial cells. Whether it is involved in embryo implantation is still unknown. In a mouse intrauterine horn injection model, one uterine horn in each mouse was injected with different doses of E-cadherin antibody on day 3 of pregnancy. The results showed that embryo implantation was significantly inhibited in the mice injected with 3 microg E-cadherin antibody. The mouse uteri in this group were collected on days 5, 6, and 7 of pregnancy and expressions of MMP-2 and -9 were studied. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR results showed that the expression of MMP-2 and -9 mRNAs in uteri of E-cadherin antibody treated group was increased on days 5-7. The results of gelatin zymography of MMPs showed that the activities of pro-MMP-2, MMP-2, and pro-MMP-9 were increased significantly on days 5 and 6, and pro-MMP-9 activity was increased on day 7. The present study suggested that E-cadherin was involved in embryo implantation through decreasing the expressions and activities of MMP-2 and -9.     

雌二醇通过TGFβ1促进前列腺间质细胞MMP-2的表达

基质金属蛋白酶-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2)在前列腺间质细胞中表达,转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor β1, TGFβ1)可以通过上调基质金属蛋白酶的表达促进肿瘤细胞迁移. 我们近期发现,雌二醇可以诱导原代前列腺间质细胞TGFβ1表达. 由此我们提出,雌二醇通过上调TGFβ1促进前列腺间质细胞MMP-2表达的假说. 用实时定量RT-PCR和酶谱电泳技术分别检测添加雌二醇、TGFβ1、雌二醇和TGFβ1中和抗体、TG Fβ1和放线菌素D或TGFβ1和放线菌酮,对前列腺间质细胞系WPMY-1中MMP-2表达的调节作用及其分子机制;荧光素酶活性实验检测TGFβ1对MMP-2启动子活性的影响. 结果显示,雌二醇和TGFβ1均以剂量依赖方式促进WPMY-1中MMP-2蛋白水平表达,而对其mRNA表达没有调节作用. 雌二醇可以在转录和翻译水平上促进TGFβ1表达;TGFβ1不能促进MMP-2启动子的活性;雌二醇对MMP-2蛋白表达的促进作用可以被TGFβ1中和抗体阻断. 放线菌酮而非放线菌素D可以抑制TGFβ1对MMP-2表达的上调作用. 表明雌二醇可以在TGFβ1的介导下促进WPMY-1中MMP-2的表达;TGFβ1对MMP-2表达的促进作用是一种转录后的调节机制.结果提示,雌二醇上调间质细胞MMP-2的表达可能是雌激素参与前列腺癌转移和进展的机制之一.     

Ionizing radiation enhances matrix metalloproteinase-2 production in human lung epithelial cells

Radiation pneumonitis is a major complication of radiation therapy. However, the detailed cellular mechanisms have not been clearly defined. Based on the recognition that basement membrane disruption occurs in acute lung injury and that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 can degrade type IV collagen, one of the major components of the basement membrane, we hypothesized that ionizing radiation would modulate MMP-2 production in human lung epithelial cells. To evaluate this, the modulation of MMP-2 with irradiation was investigated in normal human bronchial epithelial cells as well as in A549 cells. We measured the activity of MMP-2 in the conditioned medium with zymography and the MMP-2 mRNA level with RT-PCR. Both of these cells constitutively expressed 72-kDa gelatinolytic activity, corresponding to MMP-2, and exposure to radiation increased this activity. Consistent with the data of zymography, ionizing radiation increased the level of MMP-2 mRNA. This radiation-induced increase in MMP-2 expression was mediated via p53 because the p53 antisense oligonucleotide abolished the increase in MMP-2 activity as well as the accumulation of p53 after irradiation in A549 cells. These results indicate that MMP-2 expression by human lung epithelial cells is involved in radiation-induced lung injury.     

Haishengsu, a Protein from Shellfish Tegillarca L. granosa, Inhibits the Growth and the Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in Human Lung Carcinoma

Haishengsu (HSS) is a seashell protein extracted from Tegillarca L. granosa, a type of Malaysian shellfish. Previous in vitro studies showed that HSS might possess biological anticancer activity. In this combined in vitro and in vivo study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of HSS on tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis using human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 and NCI-H292, both intensely positive for matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. HSS significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 and NCI-H292 as estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The transwell chamber assay showed that HSS effectively blocked the invasion and migration of the carcinoma cells through the reconstituted extracellular matrix (Matrigel). Gelatin zymography analysis revealed that the secretion and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the supernatants of the cultured cells A549 and NCI-H292 were decreased after treatment with HSS. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in these cancer cells were further examined by Western blot assay in which a significant decrease of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in A549 and NCI-H292 cells after 24 h of exposure to HSS. The anticancer activity of HSS was verified in a mouse model in which HSS delayed the growth of A549 xenografts after 3 weeks of oral administration. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was also demonstrated in the A549 xenografts as determined by Western blot analysis. These results suggest that HSS is a novel seashell protein that cannot only inhibit tumor growth but also prevent tumor invasion and metastasis through suppressing the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9.     

Antimetastatic potential of fisetin involves inactivation of the PI3K/Akt and JNK signaling pathways with downregulation of MMP-2/9 expressions in prostate cancer PC-3 cells

Fisetin (3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to possess some anti-cancer and anti-inflammation capabilities. In this study, fisetin has exhibited inhibitory effects on the adhesion, migration, and invasion ability of a highly metastatic PC-3 cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Gelatin zymography assay showed that fisetin inhibited the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities. Our result also showed that fisetin could inhibit the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2 (JNK1/2) and Akt. Moreover, fisetin significantly decreased the nuclear levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), c-Fos, and c-Jun, and the binding abilities of NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Also, the results showed that the protein and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly reduced by Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Further, treating specific inhibitors for PI3K (Wortmannin) or JNK (SP600125) to PC-3 cells could reduce the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results showed fisetin could inhibit the metastatic ability of PC-3 by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions through suppressing phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and JNK signaling pathways. This suggested fisetin can serve as a potential candidate for treating cancer metastasis.