云参化学成分研究——Ⅳ.云参、党参脂溶性成分和水溶性成分的薄层层析图谱比较

本文比较了云参和党参脂溶性成分和水溶性成分的薄层层析图谱。结果表明,云参、党参的脂溶性成分(乙醚、乙酸乙酯提取物)和水溶性成分(95％乙醇、水提取物、糖类成分)均基本相同,为云参代替党参使用提供了可靠的科学依据。     

越南槐植物体内生物碱的分布

对豆科植物越南槐Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep．(中药山豆恨的原植物)中的生物碱的分布进行了分析研究,发现其根茎中的生物碱含量为1．86％;地上茎中的含量为0．47％．叶中的含量在0．1％以上．根茎和地上茎中的生物碱的薄层层析谱一致。     

“COSY”谱用于昆明山海棠生物碱的鉴定

昆明山海棠(Tripterygium hypoglaucum)的生物碱可从甲醇中结晶析出,是多元混合物。高压液相色谱分析出现5个峰,用制备性烷化硅胶RP-18薄层层析板分离纯化,5个生物碱逐一分开。用化学和光谱法证明为:雷公藤次碱、雷公藤碱乙、雷公藤碱丁、雷公藤碱及卫矛碱(1—5)。高压液相色谱分析指出,前二者为其中的主要成分。用高分辨核磁共振谱及COSY谱指定了它们的质子及其在分子中的取向,说明了它们之间结构和构型的关系。     

麝香中脂溶性成分的提取与麝香质量鉴别

采用薄层层析和气相色谱技术,比较了超声、冷浸和热回流3种提取方法及乙醇、乙醚、正己烷3种溶剂对麝香提取液中脂溶性成分及麝香酮含量的影响。结果显示用不同提取方法和溶剂提取的麝香脂溶性成分经薄层层析后均呈现6或7个斑点。而经气相色谱分析,其结果却有较大的差别,麝香乙醚提取液的色谱峰较乙醇和正己烷更丰富,超声提取的效果较冷缦和热回流好,色谱峰达到20个。麝香酮的定量分析显示冷浸法提取的麝香酮含量高于超声和热回流提取。通过薄层层析和气相色谱分析,对10个麝香样品的质量进行了鉴别。     

马铃薯糖苷生物碱的薄层层析及扫描测定

 马铃薯糖苷生物碱的薄层层析及扫描测定段光明,冯育林,叶荩（山西大学生物学系,太原０３０００６１,山西大学测试中心,太原０３０００６）马铃薯糖苷生物碱（ｇｌｙｃｏａｌｋａｌｏｉｄｓ）是一类含氮甾族化合物,有明显的剧毒性和潜在的慢毒性［１］,其测定方法的...     

鸡足葡萄黄酮类成分的分析

通过高效液相色谱、紫外双光束检测手段对鸡足葡萄样品中的黄酮类化学成分进行了分析。结果表明其嫩叶、成熟叶中均含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,且分析其主要化学成分为二氢黄酮类。通过对其黄酮类成分的薄层层析鉴别,确定最佳薄层系统为石油醚∶乙酸乙脂∶甲酸=3∶12∶1,通过薄层层析比较了湖南邵阳与衡山的样品中黄酮类成份种类,发现湖南邵阳的鸡足葡萄中黄酮类成分种类比后者丰富;运用液相色谱法、紫外双光束分光光度法等初步探明其黄酮类成分为二氢黄酮类,并含有黄酮、黄酮醇(芦丁)类等其它成分,其中产自湖南邵阳的鸡足葡萄的芦丁含量为4.27 mg/g。     

毛纺织品中辛硫磷含量的两种测定方法

辛硫磷作为纯毛纺织品的防蛀药剂,经一年试验已初步证实有效。为了找出辛硫磷合理使用的有效浓度,我们采用了薄层层析显色法和酶抑制法进行了测定,效果较好。可供有机磷农药残留量分析的参考。 一、薄层层析显色法 (一)提取 称毛织品2克(可根据辛硫磷含量而     

一种链霉菌产蓝色素各成分的分离与分析

用薄层层析(Thin Layer Chromatography,TLC)、柱层析(column chromatography)及高效液相层析(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)法对一种链霉菌产天然蓝色素的各成分进行了分离并进行了初步鉴定。结果显示,该蓝色素至少含有5种不同的成分,其中2种分别为放线紫红素、γ-放线紫红素,其他3种未知成分是以放线紫红酸为主要成分的γ-放线紫红素的降解产物。     

伊贝母组织培养中次生代谢产物的研究

以组织培养和细胞液印迹直接荧光观察法相结合,建立了伊贝母组织培养生物合成高含量贝母碱的技术,并通过薄层层析和薄层扫描对贝母生物碱的组成进行了比较分析。结果表明,不论是组织培养物还是栽培贝母中都含有母碱的主要成分－西贝素。但根中贝母碱的成分要比其它组织或器官中更为复杂,含量和活性也较高。继代培养８代的不定芽和不定根中贝母碱的含量分别高于栽培５年贝母根的０．０１％和０．０２％。     

中国蒺藜科植物黄酮类化学成分分析 及其化学分类学意义

采用薄层层析和高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)等方法,对中国蒺藜科5属的代表性植物中的黄酮类成分进行了分析研究,并结合其它分类学性状进行了初步讨论,我们同意(1)支持Engler(1931)骆驼蓬亚科(Peganoideae)地位;(2)支持Takhtajan(1987)白刺科(Nitrariaceae)的恢复;(3)支持EI-Hadidi(1977)刺蒺藜科(Tribulaceae)的建立。     

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Non-ionic Surfactant-degrading Micro-organisms

A rapid colorimetric test, involving the use of Dragendorff's reagent, has been developed for the detection of alcohol ethoxylate-utilizing micro-organisms on agar media. A number of putative surfactant-utilizing bacteria were detected using this screening test and their ability to utilize surfactants was confirmed by more detailed growth studies. Suggestions are made concerning the use of this method in enumerating surfactant-degrading micro-organisms in natural environments.     

Quantitative estimation of betaines in commercial seaweed extracts using overpressured layer chromatography

An off-line, overpressured layer chromatographic procedure has been developed for the evaluation of betaines in commercial seaweed extracts using Dragendorff's reagent for the detection of the compounds and densitometry for their quantitative estimation. Using continuous development and a low sample volume, the amounts of -aminobutyric acid betaine and -aminovaleric acid betaine can be estimated, but a larger sample volume is necessary for the estimation of glycinebetaine and minor betaines.The critical steps of this analytical method are the visualization and the quantitative evaluation of the spots produced. Temperature plays a major role in the resolution, sensitivity and precision after derivatization with Dragendorff's reagent; this has led to the adoption of standardized conditions.Author for correspondence     

Quantitation and purification of quaternary ammonium compounds from halophyte tissue

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric assay for quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) based on Dragendorff's reagent is described. Although not specific for a particular QAC, the assay allows for rapid survey of tissue for QAC content. A separation method for QACs in halophyte tissue containing high levels of cations was developed using ion exchange resins and ninhydrin to remove the amino acid fraction.     

Some chemical properties of maitotoxin, a putative calcium channel agonist isolated from a marine dinoflagellate

Maitotoxion, a putative Ca2+ channel agonist, was isolated from cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus as a colorless amorphous solid. The toxin reacted positively to Dragendorff's reagent but not to ninhydrin reagent. The mouse lethality of maitotoxin determined by intraperitoneal injection was 0.13 micrograms/kg. Chemical features of the toxin were elucidated mainly by various spectroscopic measurements. The molecular weight of maitotoxin as a disodium salt was estimated to be 3,424.5 +/- 0.5 from the negative fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrum. The presence of two sulfate ester groups in the molecule was apparent from the IR and mass spectra, and from analyses of solvolysis products. Despite of its large size, maitotoxin seems to have no known repeating units, such as amino acids and sugars, no carbonyl groups, no side chains other than methyls or an exomethylenes, and no carbocycles.     

Turnover and transport of quinolizidine alkaloids. Diurnal fluctuations of lupanine in the phloem sap,leaves and fruits of Lupinus albus L.

Quinolizidine alkaloids formed in the leaves of Lupinus albus L. are translocated via the phloem to the other plant organs, especially the maturing fruits. Compared with amino-acid transport in the phloem, the alkaloids contribute about 8% to the overall nitrogen being exported from the leaf. Since it is likely that the alkaloids are subsequently degraded in the target tissues a minor role of quinolizidine alkaloids might be nitrogen transport. A marked diurnal fluctuation of alkaloids was observed in the leaves, the phloem sap, the roots and the fruits with an increase during the day and an amplitude of several hundred percent thus providing evidence for a rapid turnover of endogenous alkaloids.Abbreviations QA quinolizidine alkaloids - GLC gas-liquid chromatography     

Transport of ergot alkaloids and quinocitrinins in the producing fungus Penicillium citrinum

The decrease in the concentration of alkaloids in the culture liquid of Penicillium citrinum grown to the early stationary phase was found to be due to the uptake of quinocitrinins and ergot alkaloids by fungal cells. The ability of the fungal mycelium to absorb autogenous quinocitrinins does not depend on the mycelium age, whereas its ability to absorb ergot alkaloids is higher in the young than in the 12-day-old mycelium. The uptake of exogenously added ergot alkaloids by the fungal mycelium is accompanied by excretion of intracellular quinocitrinins. The addition of quinocitrinins to the medium was found to exert different effects in different growth stages. Namely, the uptake of exogenously added quinocitrinins by the actively growing young mycelium inhibits the excretion of ergot alkaloids, but the excretion of ergot alkaloids by the 12- day-old mycelium occurs throughout the cultivation period. The excretion of both ergot alkaloids and quinocitrinins does not require energy.     

Alkaloids of turkish papaver tauricola

The major alkaloids of Papaver tauricola collected in three different parts of Anatolia have proved to be of the rhoeadine type. The three collections possessed different major alkaloids and the existence of chemical strains containing rhoeadine-type alkaloids, is indicated. In addition to the rhoeadine-type alkaloids (rhoeagenine, rhoeadine, oreogenine, oreodine, glaucamine, glaudine and epiglaudine), tetrahydroprotoberberine-(sinactine, scoulerine) and isopavine- (amurensinine) type alkaloids have been isolated as minor products. These findings contrast with the previous literature in which 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline- and proaporphine types were reported to be the major alkaloids.     

GC-MS of Crinum latifolium L. alkaloids

A GC-MS analysis of underivatized alkaloids from leaves of Crinum latifolium was performed. From the identified 15 alkaloids, 9 were found for the first time in this plant. Almost all alkaloids belonged to the crinane type. Substantial changes in the methylation and oxidation pattern of the alkaloids at and after flowering were observed.     

Biodiversity of Convolvulaceous species that contain ergot alkaloids,indole diterpene alkaloids,and swainsonine

Convolvulaceous species have been reported to contain several bioactive principles thought to be toxic to livestock including the calystegines, swainsonine, ergot alkaloids, and indole diterpene alkaloids. Swainsonine, ergot alkaloids, and indole diterpene alkaloids are produced by seed transmitted fungal symbionts associated with their respective plant host, while the calystegines are produced by the plant. To date, Ipomoea asarifolia and Ipomoea muelleri represent the only Ipomoea species and members of the Convolvulaceae known to contain indole diterpene alkaloids, however several other Convolvulaceous species are reported to contain ergot alkaloids. To further explore the biodiversity of species that may contain indole diterpenes, we analyzed several Convolvulaceous species (n = 30) for indole diterpene alkaloids, representing four genera, Argyreia, Ipomoea, Stictocardia, and Turbina, that had been previously reported to contain ergot alkaloids. These species were also verified to contain ergot alkaloids and subsequently analyzed for swainsonine. Ergot alkaloids were detected in 18 species representing all four genera screened, indole diterpenes were detected in two Argyreia species and eight Ipomoea species of the 18 that contained ergot alkaloids, and swainsonine was detected in two Ipomoea species. The data suggest a strong association exists between the relationship of the Periglandula species associated with each host and the occurrence of the ergot alkaloids and/or the indole diterpenes reported here. Likewise there appears to be an association between the occurrence of the respective bioactive principle and the genetic relatedness of the respective host plant species.     

New skeletons and new concepts in Amaryllidaceae alkaloids

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, represent a group of isoquinoline alkaloids, which are produced almost solely by members of the Amaryllidaceae family. The alkaloids of this family have attracted considerable amount of interest due to some important pharmacological activities they were shown to possess. In the last decade, our phytochemical studies on four Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) species of Turkish origin have yielded quite a number of new alkaloids with diverse structures. Among these alkaloids, gracilines and plicamines constitute two new subgroups for the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The gracilines contain an incorporated 10b,4a-ethanoiminodibenzo[b,d]pyrane skeleton. The plicamines are dinitrogenous compounds, where the oxygen atom in position 7 of a tazettine skeleton is replaced by a nitrogen atom substituted by a pendant 4-hydroxyphenethyl moiety. One of the new alkaloids, galanthindole, which possesses a nonfused indole ring, unlike the already known subgroups of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, may be considered as the prototype of a third new subgroup of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Additionally, two known isoquinoline alkaloids which do not possess one of the established skeletons of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, namely ( − )-capnoidine and (+)-bulbocapnine, have been isolated from a Turkish Galanthus species. Totally, 21 new, 20 known alkaloids and 2 known lignans have been characterized. In this review, the isolation and structure elucidation of these compounds with interesting chemical structures are described.