LC-MS/MS法检测人头发中利培酮及其代谢物9-羟利培酮含量的实验研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法检测人头发中利培酮(RIP)及其代谢物9-羟利培酮(9-OH-RIP)含量的方法。方法:采用同位素内标氘4-利培酮(RIP-d4)及氘4-9-羟利培酮(9-OH-RIP-d4),流动相A为10 mmol/L醋酸胺溶液(甲酸调p H值为4.0),流动相B为乙腈,A/B=70/30,流速为0.3 m L/min,等度洗脱4.00 min。色谱柱为安捷伦Zorbax SB C18(2.1×50 mm,1.8μm),柱温30℃。准确称取20 mg丙酮清洗过晾干剪碎成粉末的头发样本,加1N氢氧化钠(Na OH)超声2 h,等量酸中和后,加200μL1N氢氧化钠溶液及5.0 m L的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)提取涡旋1分钟,3000×g离心5 min后取上清液在40度水浴下氮气吹干后用100μL流动相复溶,进样2μL经LC-MS/MS检测。MRM监测离子对:RIP:m/z 411.2→191.0,9-OH-RIP:m/z 427.2→207.1,RIP-d4:m/z 415.2→195.2,9-OH-RIP-d4:m/z 431.2→211.1。结果:利培酮及9-羟利培酮线性范围分别为0.5-25 ng/mg,0.0025-0.15 ng/mg,提取回收率均70.0%,方法回收率均在85.0%-115.0%之间,线性r均0.999,精密度和重现性RSD均15%。结论:本研究建立了采用LC-MS/MS法检测人头发中利培酮及9-羟利培酮含量的方法,该法快速、简单、准确、重现性好。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测基因组DNA甲基化方法的建立

目的:建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)检测基因组DNA甲基化水平的方法。方法:以5-mdC和dG为标准品,采用全自动高效液相色谱系统进行分离,串联电喷雾质谱检测,选择多反应监测模式(MRM)测定标准品,绘制标准工作曲线。结果:在MRM模式下选取5-mdC(m/z 241.9→126.3)和dG(m/z 268.1→152.3)分别作为定量检测的母子离子对,各化合物能实现良好的基线分离;5-mdC和dG碰撞能均为15 eV,去簇电压分别为40和45 V,最低定量限分别为1.65和2.47 fmol;标准品的响应值比为90%~110%;5-mdC含量的天内相对标准偏差和天间相对标准偏差均小于8%。结论:HPLC-ESI-MS/MS是能应用于检测基因组DNA甲基化的一种高通量、高准确率、高分辨率、高灵敏度且重复性好的方法。     

LC-MS/MS测定小鼠血浆中多靶点抗AD bis-MEP-乙二酰胺杂合物ZLA浓度及药动学研究

目的:建立检测小鼠血浆内新型多靶点抗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)药物双美普他酚-乙二酰胺杂合物(ZLA)浓度的高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS),并研究其在小鼠体内的药代动力学。方法:样品经甲醇沉淀去蛋白,应用Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(2.1×100 mm,3.5μm),以甲醇-水(含5 m M甲酸铵,p H 9.8)(85:15,v/v)为流动相,流速0.25 m L/min;采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,选择正离子模式多反应监测,待测物分别为m/z 304.3→107.0(ZLA)和m/z 621.7→232.1(内标)。分别给予KM小鼠腹腔和尾静脉注射ZLA 5mg/kg,不同时间点采集血浆用于ZLA定量分析。结果:ZLA和内标保留时间分别为3.2 min和2.5 min。血浆中ZLA线性范围为1-1000 ng/m L。血浆中提取回收率超过91%,日内和日间精密度RSD均小于6%。药动学研究结果显示,腹腔注射时ZLA可快速分布到血浆中,在10.2 min达到峰值,且能达到良好的生物利用度(47.6%)。结论:本研究建立的ZLA血药浓度测定方法快速、灵敏,特异性好,并成功应用于小鼠血浆中ZLA的药代动力学研究。本研究资料将为ZLA在AD治疗中的进一步临床前评估提供依据。     

魔芋中神经酰胺类物质的HPLC-ELSD分析及其含量测定

建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器分析神经酰胺的方法并进行了含量的测定.色谱柱:ZORBZX Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),洗脱方法:梯度洗脱,柱温:35℃,流动相:甲醇/水,流速:1ml/min;检测器:蒸发光散射检测器,漂移管温度:40℃,氮气流速:1.5L/min.系统探讨了梯度洗脱的起始浓度、洗脱的时间和洗脱梯度的程序设置,最佳的梯度洗脱条件为5min内,甲醇浓度从60%线性增加为90%,从5min到25min,甲醇浓度线性增加为95%,在此条件下样品和标准品的分离色谱峰对称性较好.随后测定了各种样品中神经酰胺的含量,并进行了方法学验证,结果神经酰胺在0.2～2μg之间线性关系良好,最低检测限为0.01mg/ml,R2=0.9992;平均回收率为93.3%,RSD=1.65%(n=5).本法灵敏、方便、准确,重现性好,可用于魔芋神经酰胺类物质的分离及其含量的测定.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法分析微生物降解植物甾醇为雄甾烯酮

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC/MS)分析测定植物甾醇侧链降解过程中产物雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮(ADD)及雄甾4-烯-3,17-二酮(AD).其中液相色谱的条件为色谱柱Alltima C18ODS-2(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm);流动相甲醇:水(V/V=7:3);流速1 mL/min;柱温室温;紫外检测器的检测波长244 nm.质谱为ZMD Micromass电喷雾质谱仪.结果测得ADD与AD标准样品的保留时间分别为9.70 min与11.13 min,发酵样品的HPLC与MS图谱与ADD与AD标准样品的图谱一致.采用高效液相色谱法定量ADD与AD的线性范围在0.01 mg/mL～0.09 mg/mL,产物回收率分别为102.6%与105.90%,日内精密度分别为3.02%与3.08%,日间RSD分别为3.50%与3.24%.该方法灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便、定量准确,适用植物甾醇微生物侧链降解过程中产物的分析及产品质量控制.     

LC-MS/MS测定荷瘤裸鼠血浆中和厚朴酚脂质体浓度及其药代动力学研究

目的:建立测定荷瘤裸鼠血浆中和厚朴酚脂质体的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法,并进行荷瘤裸鼠体内药代动力学研究。方法:采用YMC C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,流动相B为0.025%氨水乙腈,A为0.025%氨水,在线脱气,流速0.8 m L/min。梯度洗脱:0~2 min,B相85%~85%;2~4 min,B相85%~10%;4~6 min,B相10%~85%;6~8 min,B相85%~85%,柱温40℃。进样量10μL。质谱条件:离子源电喷雾电离源(ESI),负离子电离模式,扫描方式多级反应监测(MRM),监测离子对m/z和厚朴酚(265.0→223.0)和内标(253.0→225.0)。结果:血浆中无干扰测定的内源性物质,每个样品的分析时间为8 min;和厚朴酚在0.500~1000 ng/m L呈良好的线性关系,定量下限为0.500 ng/m L,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于15%,低、中、高3种浓度的提取回收率64.71%。稳定性实验中,在各种贮存条件下血浆中和厚朴酚均较稳定。结论:本方法操作简便,特异性强,灵敏度高,可用于和厚朴酚脂质体的药代动力学研究,以期为临床应用提供参考。     

UPLC-QTof-MS测定不同提取条件下柴胡皂苷a和柴胡皂苷d的转化规律

使用UPLC-QTof-MS研究了不同提取条件下柴胡皂苷a、d的转化规律。色谱柱为Acquity UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);流动相为乙腈-0.01%甲酸水溶液;流速为0.45 mL/min。以四极杆串联飞行时间质谱(Q-Tof)为检测器,使用负离子检测模式,对经过12种不同提取方法提取的柴胡样品(1~12)进行检测。得到柴胡皂苷a、d不同提取方法下的转化规律:酸性常温条件下水解生成柴胡皂苷b1、b2,酸性加热情况下糖苷键水解生成皂苷元;中性、碱性条件下均较稳定。实验结果对柴胡皂苷a、d的提取、分离、分析提供了参考依据。     

LC-MS测定黑豆中异黄酮和花色苷的含量

采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS),建立黑豆异黄酮和花色苷含量测定方法。应用Waters Xselect HSS T3色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%乙酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱黑豆异黄酮;应用X-Terra MS C18色谱柱,以10%甲酸水溶液-甲醇/乙腈/水/甲酸(22.5/22.5/40/10,V/V)混合液为流动相梯度洗脱黑豆花色苷;以电喷雾离子源(ESI)选择离子监控模式(SIM)检测目标化合物,并通过标准品对照比较,实现黑豆12个异黄酮及8个花色苷单体化合物的定量测定。该方法操作简便、稳定、耗时少,具有良好的灵敏度、重现性和回收率,可用于黑豆种质资源的化学评价及质量控制。     

用气相色谱-质谱联用比较牛耳草代谢物的提取方法

通过比较不同的提取方法对牛耳草新鲜和脱水叶片中代谢物的提取效率,旨在建立一种可以有效鉴定并分析牛耳草脱水过程中关键小分子代谢物的种类和含量变化的方法,为研究植物耐脱水分子机制提供技术方法。本研究以气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)为分析方法,对复苏植物牛耳草代谢物提取方法进行比较。从提取总色谱峰数目、提取效率、代谢物保留时间和提取效率稳定性等方面比较甲醇溶液(A法)和甲醇-氯仿-水溶液(B法)两种提取方法的提取效果。对牛耳草新鲜样品提取结果表明,B法提取的总色谱峰数目多于A法;对9种共有代谢物的提取效率比较结果表明,B法的提取效率高于A法;对10种色谱峰的保留时间和提取效率的方法学考察结果表明,两者保留时间RSD(相对标准偏差)值均小于1%,A法提取效率的RSD值≤10%的比例为50%,B法的为100%。A法对干样的提取色谱峰数目远少于鲜样,而B法对干样的提取色谱峰数目和鲜样没有显著差异,保留时间RSD值均小于1%,提取效率的RSD值与鲜样没有差异,稳定性良好。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人尿液中5-羟吲哚乙酸浓度方法学验证

目的:采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)建立人尿液中5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的检测方法。方法:采用人工尿液UR-N-CONTROL LEVEL 2 NP配制标准曲线,质控样品采用人工尿液和天然尿液配制而成,以5-HIAA的同位素氘标记物5-HIAA-d5为内标,尿液样品采用乙腈进行稀释处理后,采用UPLC-MS/MS检测。色谱柱为Waters HSS T3(100×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相A为含0.02%乙酸的2 m M醋酸铵水溶液,B相为:含0.02%乙酸的乙腈溶液,在2.5 min内使用5%的B相至100%的B相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.5 m L/min,进样量3.0μL,柱温50℃;采用电喷雾负离子模式电离,5-HIAA和5-HIAA-d5内标的监测离子分别为m/z 190.1→146.2和m/z 195.1→151.0。结果:该方法测定的5-HIAA在0.0500至50.0μg/m L范围内线性良好,r≥0.9948,最低定量限(LLOQ)为0.0500μg/m L。5-HIAA批内、批间准确度在89.3%~99.8%之间,精密度(CV)≤8.4%。平均回收率为100.3%~102.3%。结论:该方法专属性强、灵敏度高,快速。人工尿液和天然尿液在定量分析时无差异,适合于人尿液中5-HIAA的浓度测定。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.