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植物甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)是一种依赖NAD+的酶,它催化甲酸氧化成二氧化碳的可逆反应,是植物一碳代谢的一部分,在植物响应各种环境胁迫、低氧或缺氧过程中发挥着重要的作用。综述了植物FDH的生理作用、酶学特性及调控机制方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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以化石资源为原料的化学品制造行业在消耗不可再生资源的同时,还对生态环境造成了破坏,这给以可再生资源为原料的生物制造带来了发展机遇。与传统化工制造不同,生物制造把细胞作为"生产车间","车间"内每一道工序由酶催化完成。"细胞工厂"除了反应条件温和,还具有较强的可塑性,可根据需求调整或者重构代谢途径来合成各种目标化学品。"细胞工厂"的设计过程遵循如下的准则:1)构建一条由原料到产品的最优合成途径;2)平衡代谢途径中每步反应的代谢流,使该途径代谢通量远高于细胞基础代谢;3)足量地供应合成途径的前体,多个前体根据需要调整供应比例;4)酶促反应往往有各种辅因子的参与,顺畅的代谢通路需要平衡或者再生各种辅因子;5)通过遗传改造或者工艺改进解除产物和代谢中间体的反馈抑制,以获取更高的产量。 相似文献
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对生物炼制细胞工厂的发展进行了简要回顾,从微生物糖代谢的分子机制、细胞工厂的代谢网络及调控、细胞工厂的构建技术及细胞工厂的优化4个方面介绍了本期专刊发表的17篇生物炼制细胞工厂方面的论文。 相似文献
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受到人口增长过快、社会经济发展水平不平衡、人口老龄化和不健康饮食方式等影响,人类面临着食品和营养缺乏、部分人群中营养相关疾病高发等问题。同时,社会低碳发展的需求呼唤一种可持续的食物供给模式。因此,既能满足消费者口感和营养需求,又是绿色可持续食物供给模式的技术,例如功能糖、人造肉等未来食品技术,受到了广泛的关注。近年,新兴的生物制造技术及产品得到了迅猛发展,将会支撑形成绿色、低碳的未来食品产业,引发传统生产模式的深刻变革,是新兴生物经济的重大战略发展方向。本文聚焦于未来食品——功能糖、微生物蛋白及人造肉等关键辅配料的生物制造技术研究,追踪其在细胞工厂构建、工业环境下菌种测试与过程优化和衍生产品开发等研究的最新进展,展望未来的发展趋势,旨在为微生物制造未来食品的产业发展提供指导。 相似文献
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多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs)是一类对环境有严重危害的持久性有机污染物。具有高生物富集性、致癌性、致毒性和难降解性,修复治理PAHs污染环境备受国内外政府及学者的关注。目前主要采用物理、化学以及生物方法对多环芳烃污染的土壤和水体进行修复。其中生物修复是一种高效、经济和生态可承受的环保技术,具有成本低、无二次污染等优点。本文从植物修复、微生物修复以及植物-微生物联合修复方面,阐述了国内外生物修复PAHs污染的最新研究进展。指出了生物修复PAHs污染环境需要进一步解决的问题,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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人乳寡糖(Human milk oligosaccharides,HMO)是母乳中重要的免疫活性成分,对婴幼儿健康起到显著促进作用。2’-岩藻糖基乳糖(2’-FL)是HMO的主要组分,极具应用价值,3-岩藻糖基乳糖(3-FL)与2’-FL的合成途径相似,两者的研究具有相互借鉴意义,近年来针对它们的研究取得了较多进展。以微生物细胞工厂为核心理念的新型生物合成途径有望将2’-FL和3-FL产业化,未来将对乳制品行业产生重要的影响。文中综述了生物技术制备2’-FL和3-FL的最新研究进展,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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Formic acid is a highly energetic electron donor but it has previously resulted in low power densities in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Three different set anode potentials (-0.30, -0.15, and +0.15 V; vs. a standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) were used to evaluate syntrophic interactions in bacterial communities for formic acid degradation relative to a non-controlled, high resistance system (1,000 Ω external resistance). No current was generated at -0.30 V, suggesting a lack of direct formic acid oxidation (standard reduction potential: -0.40 V). More positive potentials that allowed for acetic acid utilization all produced current, with the best performance at -0.15 V. The anode community in the -0.15 V reactor, based on 16S rDNA clone libraries, was 58% Geobacter sulfurreducens and 17% Acetobacterium, with lower proportions of these genera found in the other two MFCs. Acetic acid was detected in all MFCs suggesting that current generation by G. sulfurreducens was dependent on acetic acid production by Acetobacterium. When all MFCs were subsequently operated at an external resistance for maximum power production (100 Ω for MFCs originally set at -0.15 and +0.15 V; 150 Ω for the control), they produced similar power densities and exhibited the same midpoint potential of -0.15 V in first derivative cyclic voltammetry scans. All of the mixed communities converged to similar proportions of the two predominant genera (ca. 52% G. sulfurreducens and 22% Acetobacterium). These results show that syntrophic interactions can be enhanced through setting certain anode potentials, and that long-term performance produces stable and convergent communities. 相似文献
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Apajalahti J Rademacher M Htoo JK Redshaw M Kettunen A 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2009,3(6):817-825
Management of intestinal microbiota of monogastric animals has increased in importance since the ban of growth promoting antibiotics in many countries. Organic acids have been used as alternatives to antibiotics by many feed manufacturers. Regardless of the wide usage, the effect, dose response and mode of action of acids on intestinal microbes is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of three commonly used products, namely formic acid (FA) (90%), dl-methionine (DLM) (99%) and liquid methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid (88%), on ileal microbiota of pigs. Laboratory simulation system, mimicking swine ileum, was used to study the products at various concentrations and combinations. Furthermore, selected combinations were tested in a piglet trial to confirm the findings made in in vitro studies. FA turned out to have a dual effect on ileal microbiota. At concentrations below 0.5%, it significantly stimulated bacteria, but at higher inclusion rates it was highly inhibitory. This finding, which was consistent in in vitro and in vivo studies, implies that reducing the dose of FA does not lead to a diluted inhibitory effect, but in fact, an opposite, stimulatory effect on intestinal microbiota. It is highly important that feed compounders acknowledge this finding. Unlike FA, the inhibitory effect of methionine hydroxy analogue on ileal bacteria was linearly dose dependent and significant at inclusion levels above 0.2%, in vitro. Partial replacement of methionine hydroxy analogue by FA, or FA by methionine hydroxy analogue, led to an unpredictable outcome due to the dual effects of FA; e.g., a minor inclusion of added FA changed the inhibitory effect of methionine hydroxy analogue into microbial stimulation by FA. Inhibition of ileal microbiota by methionine hydroxy analogue was detected only in in vitro studies, suggesting that intact methionine hydroxy analogue may not have reached the ileum, in live animals. Therefore, if the target is to ensure the inhibitory effect of FA, the FA level in feed should be kept above 0.6%, and not reduced, if methionine hydroxy analogue is used as a methionine source instead of DLM. DLM was totally inert with regard to bacterial growth and metabolism, both in vitro and in vivo. The results of these studies reveal the importance of knowing how each acid product works. Inconsistent results in animal trials may have been partly due to quadratic dose-response effects of products, and unpredictable product combination effects. 相似文献
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胆固醇是动物体内积累的主要甾醇化合物,在维持细胞膜功能、合成甾体激素、生产甾体药物中间体等方面具有重要的生物学意义和医学应用价值。传统动物组织提取胆固醇的方法费时费力并存在严重的环境污染问题,而甾醇分子结构的复杂程度也限制了其化学全合成。近些年,人们利用合成生物学方法构建的微生物细胞工厂已成功用于萜类、甾醇类等天然产物的开发与合成。文中综述了胆固醇微生物细胞工厂的研究进展,包括胆固醇生物合成途径的解析、底盘菌株的选择、异源基因元件的挖掘与优化、相关代谢通路的调控等方面,并讨论了当前研究面临的问题,以期为胆固醇的高效生物合成提供参考。 相似文献
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Yeon Ki Hong Won Hi Hong Yong Keun Chang 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2001,6(5):347-351
A study was made on the extraction equilibria of succinic and formic acids from aqueous solutions using tri-n-octylamine (TOA)
in 1-octanol. It was shown that the loading values of TOA decreased with increasing pH values. The apparent equilibrium constants
for each acid-amine complex were determined by an equilibrium model. In the case of succinic acid, the formation of a bisuccinate
anion played an important role in the stoichiometry of the acid-amine complex. 相似文献
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Gunnel Clevström Tord Möller Bo Göransson Annika Liljensjöö Hans Ljunggren 《Mycopathologia》1989,107(2-3):101-109
In recent yearsAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production have been noted on several occasions in grain preserved with formic acid. Samples of mouldy barley treated with formic acid and stored in an open bin were investigated for the presence of fungi. In the lower part of the bin there was a clear dominance ofFusarium sporotrichioides, and deoxynivalenol and neosolaniol were detected.A. flavus andA. fumigatus were also present.Paecilomyces variotii occurred, almost as a pure culture, in the upper part of the bin, but no patulin was found. Cultivation of four fungal isolates from these genera on laboratory substrates containing formic acid showedP. variotii to be the most tolerant to formic acid, withstanding 150 mM, but still without patulin production.F. sporotrichioides andA. fumigatus tolerated only 6 mM formic acid. The growth ofA. flavus was reduced and atypical at 60 mM formic acid. Pretreatment ofA. flavus spores with formic acid increased aflatoxin production about 800 times. 相似文献
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The rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation of alkene is one of the most useful C–H bond activation processes. The C–C bond-forming reactions via C–H bond activation have extensively been the focus of study in the fields of organic and organometallic chemistry. In this work, density functional theory has been used to study Rh(I)-catalysed hydroacylation and hydrogenation of ethene with formic acid. All the intermediates and the transition states were optimised completely at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level (LANL2DZ(d) for Rh, P). Calculation results confirm that Rh(I)-catalysed hydroacylation of ethene is exothermic and the released Gibbs free energy is ? 60.39 kJ/mol. Rh(I)-catalysed hydrogenation of ethene is also exothermic and the released Gibbs free energy is ? 150.97 kJ/mol. Rh(I)-catalysed hydroacylation of ethene is the dominant reaction mode for Rh(I)-catalysed hydroacylation and hydrogenation of ethene with formic acid. In Rh(I)-catalysed hydroacylation of ethene, the H-transfer reaction is prior to the C–C bond-forming reaction. Therefore, the reaction mode ‘a’ (i.e. ca → M1 → TS1 → M2 → TS2a → M3a → TS3a → M4 → P1) is the dominant reaction pathway for Rh(I)-catalysed hydroacylation and hydrogenation of ethene. The theoretically predicted dominant product is propane acid. 相似文献