基于水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)的溶瘤病毒研究进展

溶瘤病毒利用肿瘤细胞抗病毒信号通路缺损或病毒受体过表达的特点,实现在其中选择性高复制进而杀伤肿瘤细胞,同时刺激机体产生特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应,是目前肿瘤治疗研究领域的热点。水疱性口炎病毒(vesicular stomatitis virus,VSV)能依赖肿瘤细胞干扰素信号通路的缺陷特异性靶向肿瘤细胞,具有复制高效、广泛组织嗜性、人群低致病性、基因组较小且易操纵等优势,是一种具有发展潜力的溶瘤病毒载体。对水疱性口炎病毒的病毒学特征以及目前基于VSV溶瘤病毒关于提高肿瘤选择性、延长半衰期、增强溶瘤效果的研究进展进行综述,为基于VSV溶瘤制剂的开发提供依据,为肿瘤治疗提供新的策略。     

HTLV-1 TaX蛋白与T细胞的细胞周期调变

人1型T细胞白血病病毒(HTLV-1)能引发成人急性T细胞白血病(ATL)以及一种慢性渐进性的中枢神经系统疾病——热性痉挛性下身截瘫/白血病病毒相关脊髓病(TSP/HAM)。成人T细胞白血病(ATL)表现为成熟T淋巴细胞恶性增生。由于HTLV-1 Tax蛋白与T细胞增殖调控有重要关系,本文将主要综述HTLV-1 Tax蛋白如何参与调变T细胞细胞周期从而探讨Tax在T淋巴细胞转化中的作用。     

靶向CD123抗原嵌合受体T细胞治疗急性髓系白血病的研究

急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种预后较差的血液系统恶性肿瘤,迫切需要新的治疗手段。随着嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞(CAR-T)技术的发展并在B细胞肿瘤中取得显著疗效,人们把目光投入更多的实体瘤与血液肿瘤靶点中。CD123分子是CAR-T治疗AML的潜在靶点,抗CD123 CAR-T具有靶向清除白血病干细胞(LSCs)及原始细胞的能力。本研究总结了目前在靶向CD123 CAR-T治疗急性髓系白血病目前的研究进展。     

HBZ在人类T淋巴细胞白血病1型病毒HTLV-1致癌中的功能

人类T淋巴细胞白血病1型病毒(Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1,HTLV-1)是与人类疾病发生密切相关的逆转录病毒,HTLV-1的感染可引起成人T细胞白血病(Adult T-cell leukemia,ATL)。HBZ(HTLV-1bZIP factor)是由HTLV-1前病毒反义链编码的病毒蛋白。在HTVL-1所编码的病毒基因中,HBZ是唯一一个在所有ATL病人样品中持续、稳定表达的病毒基因。而且,HBZ在HTLV-1诱发肿瘤的过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。近十年来对HBZ结构及其功能的研究成为白血病研究领域的热点。因此,本文就HBZ在HTLV-1致癌机制方面的相关研究成果作一综述。     

肿瘤靶向治疗的新型细胞载体

肿瘤靶向性病毒作为一种特殊的肿瘤治疗药物和基因治疗载体近年来已得到长足发展,许多高效、靶向性病毒载体已被相继研究开发,但仍不能满足临床上肿瘤靶向治疗的需要,如何将这些靶向病毒准确而高效地运输到肿瘤病变部位仍然未得到充分解决.细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(cytokine-inducedkillercells,CIK)作为肿瘤的细胞治疗方法之一已成功地在临床上得到了广泛应用.最近科学家使用CIK细胞作为病毒运载工具,成功地将病毒运载到肿瘤组织部位并显示出高效的抗肿瘤作用,该方法为病毒运输定位于肿瘤病变部位找到了突破口,实验资料显示其具有潜在的应用价值.     

HTLV-1病毒蛋白Tax和HBZ协同促进成人T细胞白血病发生的机制

人类T细胞白血病1型病毒(Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1,HTLV-1)是与人类疾病发生密切相关的逆转录病毒。该病毒的感染可引起成人T细胞白血病(Adult T-cell leukemia,ATL)等多种疾病的发生。Tax和HBZ(HTLV-1 basic zipper protein)是由HTLV-1前病毒编码的两个关键病毒蛋白,它们被认为在HTLV-1病毒的复制、生存和致癌过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。本文就Tax和HBZ的蛋白结构以及它们在调控病毒转录、细胞生长和凋亡、病毒潜伏期,最终协同促进成人T细胞白血病发生过程中发挥的作用作一综述。     

重组水疱性口炎病毒的改造策略及在病毒学研究中的应用进展

水疱性口炎病毒（Vesicular stomatitis virus,VSV）是一种在家畜中流行,给畜牧业造成严重经济损失的病毒。然而,随着研究的深入,VSV不仅作为负链RNA病毒的代表种帮助阐明了负链RNA病毒的复制机制,并且随着通过cDNA克隆拯救VSV技术的建立,VSV成为了病毒学研究、疫苗研发及肿瘤治疗的有力工具。本文对VSV的基因组结构、增殖方式、重组VSV的构建技术以及重组VSV在基础研究和临床方面的应用进行了综述。     

HTLV-1感染T细胞克隆扩增和转化在成人T细胞白血病表达分析

摘要 目的：探究人类T细胞白血病1型病毒（Human T-cell leukemia virus type，HTLV-1）感染的T细胞克隆扩增和转化在成人T细胞白血病（AdultT-cellleukemia，ATL）中的表达分析，探究HTLV-1在T淋巴细胞中发生克隆扩增和转化的机制，为ATL的临床治疗提供理论基础。方法：选择2015年2月至2018年2月于我院接受治疗的38例ATL患者为研究对象，按照其病程差异将其分为急性ATL组（20例）和慢性ALT组（18例），分别采集其血样并检测两组患者血样中HTLV-1病毒载量的差异性，对比两组患者样本中Tax蛋白和HMGB1蛋白的表达情况，并就两组患者血样中肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor，TNF-α）、癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA）的水平进行对比。结果：（1）急性ATL组患者HTLV-1病毒载量明显高于慢性ATL组患者HTLV-1病毒载量（P<0.05）；（2）对比显示，急性ATL组患者血样中Tax蛋白和HMGB1蛋白表达量明显高于慢性ATL组患者（P<0.05）；（3）急性ATL组患者中TNF-α和CEA水平均明显高于慢性ATL组患者（P<0.05）。结论：HTLV-1感染ATL患者病程的差异会影响T淋巴细胞的克隆扩增和转化进程，分析其机制可能与HTLV-1能够调控Tax蛋白和HMGB1表达有关。     

以CD27的胞外结构域为嵌合抗原受体构建靶向CD70的CAR-T细胞

该研究以CD27分子的胞外段的部分肽段为嵌合抗原受体构建靶向CD70的嵌合抗原受体T(chimeric antigen receptor T,CAR-T)细胞并在体外验证其功能。通过流式细胞术检测急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)细胞系的CD70靶抗原的表达情况,利用基因工程方法构建包含4-1BB共刺激因子的第二代Anti-CD70慢病毒表达载体,并制备相应慢病毒,感染激活的人CD3⁺T细胞,获得靶向CD70的第二代CAR-T细胞。流式细胞术检测靶向CD70 CAR-T细胞对AML细胞系的体外杀伤功能;CBA试剂盒测定其细胞因子(包括IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ)的分泌水平。研究结果表明,AML细胞系均表达CD70,并且在效靶比为1?1、2?1和5?1时,CD70 CAR-T细胞都能明显且特异性地杀伤表达CD70的AML细胞系。相比于对照组,CD70CAR-T细胞在杀伤靶细胞时分泌更高水平的IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ等细胞因子(P<0.05)。综上所述,该研究成功构建了靶向CD70...     

CD4+T细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用

近年来,人们对CD4 T细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用给予了极大的关注,CD4 T细胞不仅可通过IFN-γ依赖性等机制直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,而且在CD8 T细胞的激活、记忆性的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)应答的产生、维持以及促进其存活等过程中发挥着重要作用,同时激活CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞是免疫治疗的理想策略;另外,CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)可能被肿瘤表达的自身抗原所诱导,与肿瘤免疫耐受的维持和抗肿瘤应答的下调有关,被认为是免疫治疗失败的主要原因,抑制该细胞亚群可增强治疗性肿瘤疫苗的临床效果.现就CD4 T细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用的研究进展作一综述.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.