Kindlin-3及其生物学功能

Kindlin-3属于Kindlin蛋白家族的一员，分布于造血细胞及内皮细胞。Kindlin家族成员高度同源，但具有不同的亚细胞定位及功能。Kindlin-3与踝蛋白(talin)通过其FERM结构域与整合素相互作用参与整合素的活化聚集，虽同含有FERM结构域，但两者作用位点并不相同，对整合素的影响亦有差异。活化的整合素参与多种细胞反应，介导细胞的黏附、伸展及迁移。之前的研究多集中在踝蛋白，但随着对Kindlin-3的深入研究，发现其作用或许并不亚于踝蛋白，但具体机制尚不明确。Kindlin-3缺失表现为严重出血、白细胞黏附缺陷，导致白细胞黏附缺陷综合征III。本文总结了Kindlin-3在血小板功能、炎症及免疫中的关键作用，还列举了其在多种疾病特别是恶性肿瘤中存在异常表达，且在不同肿瘤表达水平不同，并对肿瘤的生长、侵袭及转移产生影响，提示Kindlin-3除了与整合素结合之外，还可以通过其他机制发挥生物学功能。旨在对血栓与止血、炎症、免疫及肿瘤治疗提供新思路。     

Kindlin家族调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的研究进展

Kindlin家族属于新型的局灶性黏附蛋白家族,是由三个进化上具有高度保守性和同源性的蛋白质(Kindlin-1、2和3)组成,在整合素调节、细胞基质黏附和信号转导中发挥重要作用。尽管由三个不同的基因编码,Kindlin家族成员有相似的结构和序列,在C端均含有1个FERM结构域。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是生物体中普遍存在的调节细胞增殖和细胞分化的重要信号通路之一,在生长发育等生理过程和肿瘤等病理过程中发挥着重要作用。越来越多研究显示,Kindlin家族成员通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与包括肿瘤在内的许多疾病的发生和发展过程。因此,该文围绕Kindlin家族的结构、主要功能以及调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Pyk2介导的细胞信号通路

酪氨酸蛋白激酶在细胞信号传递过程中起重要作用,由酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶和酪氨酸蛋白激酶协同控制的酪氨酸的磷酸化是细胞生长、分化、凋亡、黏附和迁移等生理过程的重要调节机制。酪氨酸蛋白激酶Pyk2是黏着斑激酶家族成员,能被包括整合素在内的多种细胞外信号激活,参与多条信号通路的传递,在细胞信号转导过程中发挥重要作用。     

CCN1与肝脏疾病的研究进展

CCN1即富半胱氨酸61(cysteine rich 61,Cyr61),是CCN家族成员之一,可与多种因子相互作用,是一种重要的细胞外基质调节因子。其与肝素及多种细胞整合素结合,在细胞黏附、迁移与增殖,以及血管生成、炎症反应和组织重构等生理、病理过程中发挥重要的调节作用。本文主要对CCN1与肝脏疾病的研究进展予以综述。分别对CCN1的结构和功能进行介绍,并进一步探讨了CCN1在肝损伤、肝纤维化、肝细胞癌的作用及可能机制,为研究和治疗肝病提供新思路。     

整合素及其信号传导通路

整合素是位于细胞表面的重要黏附分子,通过其双向信号传导通路,介导细胞与细胞外基质及细胞与细胞间的黏附.整合素由胞外域、跨膜域和胞内域3部分组成.胞内域与细胞内信号分子结合,启动胞内一胞外信号传导激活整合素,提高与相应配体亲合力.而胞外域与相应配体结合后,通过胞外-胞内信号传导,调节细胞生存、增殖、黏附、分化功能.近年研究显示,整合素结构功能及信号传导通路异常与多种疾病有关.     

细胞微环境对免疫细胞黏附与迁移的调控

免疫细胞的黏附与迁移是机体免疫与宿主防御的关键环节,在机体免疫监视以及稳态维持中发挥重要作用,甚至参与到癌细胞转移的过程中。免疫细胞在血管内皮表面的滚动、活化、稳定黏附和定向迁移依赖整合素功能,并受到细胞微环境,包括生物微环境、化学微环境以及物理微环境的多因子协同作用和调控。细胞微环境的紊乱往往导致免疫细胞黏附与迁移的异常,引发炎症性疾病,甚至肿瘤。将对细胞微环境通过整合素调控免疫细胞黏附与迁移进行概述,重点介绍生物微环境、化学微环境和物理微环境对免疫细胞黏附与迁移的调控机制。     

磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸调控细胞迁移的研究进展

磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate,PIP2)是细胞膜上一种重要的磷脂酰肌醇,通过作为第二信使前体及自身信号分子的作用,控制其效应物的靶向定位和活性从而调节细胞迁移、囊泡运输、细胞形态发生、信号传导等过程.细胞迁移异常会导致人类多种疾病包括神经发育异常、阿尔茨海默病、癌症和纤毛疾病等.作为细胞骨架的调节剂,PIP2在细胞迁移的关键作用已经被广泛证实,本文将从由PIP5KIs介导的PIP2产生与踝蛋白、Rho家族小GTP酶等效应物关联调节黏附作用和肌动蛋白聚合的角度,讨论PIP2在细胞迁移中发挥作用的具体机制.     

整合素β3亚单位胞内区在骨桥蛋白诱导血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移中的作用

为阐明整合素β3亚单位胞内区及其不同保守序列在骨桥蛋白（OPN）诱导血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）黏附和迁移中所起的作用, 构建了整合素β3亚单位胞内区肽段真核表达载体（p-EGFP-C3-β3CD）, 并人工合成了含有β3亚单位胞内区不同保守序列（NXXY）的寡肽（肽-747和肽-759）, 通过导入VSMC, 观察它们对OPN诱导VSMC黏附和迁移的影响.结果显示, 整合素β3胞内区在VSMC中强制性表达可使细胞在OPN上的黏附和迁移明显下降（分别为对照组的34.3%和31.7%）,导入肽-747、肽-759和肽-747+肽-759均可显著抑制VSMC的黏附和迁移, 其中肽-747+肽-759的作用更强(分别为对照组的36.4%和31.1%). 免疫荧光结果显示, 在转染p-EGFP-C3-β3-CD或肽-747+肽-759的VSMC中, 黏着斑蛋白的磷酸化水平降低, 黏着斑形成明显减少.研究结果表明, 整合素β3亚单位胞内区及其NXXY保守序列在黏着斑相关蛋白募集、黏着斑形成及VSMC黏附和迁移方面发挥重要作用.     

半乳凝素-1的神经保护作用

半乳凝素-1(galectin-1)是半乳凝素家族成员之一,具有高度保守性,参与细胞生长、黏附、迁移以及肿瘤发生发展等过程.近年来研究还发现半乳凝素-1可能具有神经保护作用.     

蛇毒去整合素的研究进展

去整合素是蛇毒中的一类蛋白质,能识别和作用于多种细胞膜上的整合素家族粘附分子,从而影响某些生理和病理过程,如血小板聚集、骨吸收、细胞迁移和血管生成等。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.