Diplectanids infesting the gills of the barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) (Perciformes: Centropomidae), with the proposal of Laticola n. g. (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae)

Four species of the Monogenoidea, Laticola lingaoensis n. sp., L. latesi (Tripathi, 1957) n. comb. [previously Pseudorhabdosynochus latesi (Tripathi, 1957) Kritsky & Beverley-Burton, 1986], L. paralatesi (Nagibina, 1976) n. comb. [previously Diplectanum paralatesi Nagibina, 1976] and Diplectanum penangi Liang & Leong, 1991, are reported from the gills of Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) from the South China Sea (new geographical records for L. latesi and D. penangi). Collections from off Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Australia, represent a new geographic record for L. paralatesi; Chilka Lake, Orissa, India, is established as the type-locality for L. latesi. Laticola n. g. (Diplectanidae) is proposed for species with a spoon-shaped copulatory organ with two to four concentric incomplete ridges in the base. Laticola lingaoensis, the type-species of Laticola, is described, and L. latesi and L. paralatesi are redescribed based on specimens from the South China Sea. Pseudorhabdosynochus monosquamodiscusi Balasuriya & Leong, 1995 and Pseudorhabdosynochus yangjiangenesis Wu & Li, 2005 are considered junior subjective synonyms of L. latesi and L. paralatesi, respectively.     

Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from the gills of Epinephelus spp. in Brazilian waters

Pseudorhabdosynochus sulamericanus n. sp. from the gills of Epinephelus niveatus has a reniform proximal region of the cirrus-bulb which is divided in four chambers and contains a large, round reservoir of the male accessory glands, a partly sclerotised vagina which is enclosed in a muscular funnel cap and squamodiscs with 15–16 open concentric rows of elements. P. beverleyburtonae (Oliver, 1984) is redescribed from E. marginatus with additional morphological data. These are the first reports of Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. in South American Atlantic waters, where the potentiality for the mariculture of Epinephelus spp. is currently being evaluated. Pseudorhabdosynochus hargisi (Oliver & Paperna, 1984) n. comb. is proposed for Diplectanum hargisi.     

Laticola dae n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from Epinephelus maculatus (Perciformes: Serranidae) off New Caledonia

Laticola dae n. sp. is described from specimens collected from the gill-filaments of the highfin grouper Epinephelus maculatus, a coral reef fish caught off Nouméa, New Caledonia, South Pacific. The species is characterised by a spoon-shaped sclerotised male copulatory organ, with four thin walls and 73–m in outer length, and a sclerotised vagina in form of a disc, 16–m in diameter, with a smaller hemisphere on one side. Laticola Yang et al., 2006 was described to accommodate diplectanids from Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae); this is the first Laticola described from a serranid. Other diplectanids, including several species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958, were also found on the same species of fish; specimens of L. dae represented about half of the diplectanids collected; all other species were rare.

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Résumé Laticola dae n. sp. est décrit à partir de spécimens collectés sur les filaments branchiaux de la loche grisette, Epinephelus maculatus, un poisson de récif corallien pêché au large de Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique Sud. L’espèce est caractérisée par un organe copulateur mâle sclérifié en forme de cuiller, avec quatre parois fines, long de 73–m, et un vagin sclérifié en forme de disque, de diamètre 16–m, avec un hémisphère plus petit d’un côté. Laticola Yang et al., 2006 a été décrit pour rassembler des Diplectanidae de Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) ; ceci est le premier Laticola décrit d’un Serranidae. D’autres Diplectanidae, y compris plusieurs espèces de Pseudorhabdosynochus, ont aussi été trouvés chez ce poisson ; les spécimens de L. dae représentaient environ la moitié des Diplectanidae récoltés, toutes les autres espèces étaient rares.

     

Parasite biodiversity in a coral reef fish: twelve species of monogeneans on the gills of the grouper Epinephelus maculatus (Perciformes: Serranidae) off New Caledonia, with a description of eight new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae)

Coral reefs are known for their high level of biodiversity, but parasite biodiversity has not been evaluated. Cases such as Epinephelus maculatus, described here, show that the numerical estimation of parasite biodiversity in coral reefs could reach more than ten times the number of fish species; consequently, the extinction of certain fish species from endangered coral reefs would result in the co-extinction of at least ten times the number of parasite species. E. maculatus is a grouper of intermediate size (1-2 kg) and common in the coral reefs of New Caledonia, South Pacific. Based on the examination of more than 800 monogenean specimens, 12 species of monogeneans (ten diplectanids and two ancyrocephalids) were differentiated on the gills. These species of diplectanids have not been found in other epinephelines in the same area and thus are considered as specific to this host. In addition, three species of copepods, and isopod larvae, are present on the gills; E. maculatus thus has a total of 16 species of gill ectoparasites, which can be found together on a single individual fish. Diplectanids include Laticola dae Journo & Justine, 2006, which is the most abundant species representing about 50% of the specimens, and nine species which are rare, each representing 2-7% of the specimens: Diplectanum uitoe n. sp. and eight species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958. D. uitoe, provisionally attributed to Diplectanum Diesing, 1858, is characterised by a small conical penis with internal walls. Pseudorhabdosynochus auitoe n. sp., P. buitoe n. sp., P. cuitoe n. sp., P. duitoe n. sp., P. euitoe n. sp. and P. fuitoe n. sp. are differentiated on the basis of the morphology of the sclerotised vagina, but are very similar in other characteristics; P. guitoe n. sp. is characterised by a quadriloculate organ with very thick walls and a very small sclerotised vagina; and P. huitoe n. sp. is characterised by its sclerotised vagina and by very long ventral and dorsal haptoral bars. Two rare (2-3% of specimens) ancyrocephalids, Haliotrema epinepheli Young, 1969 and Haliotrema sp., are briefly described in relation to the male copulatory organs and haptoral bars; H. epinepheli is apparently a generalist species found in various epinephelines and other fish species. A table of the 50 species of diplectanids (Pseudorhabdosynochus, Laticola Yang et al., 2006, Echinoplectanum Justine & Euzet, 2006 and Diplectanum) from serranids is provided.     

Parapharyngodon osteopili n.sp. (Pharyngodonidae: Oxyuroidea) and a revision of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros

Summary Parapharyngodon osteopili n.sp. is described from the Cuban treefrog Osteopilus septentrionalis (Hylidae; Anura). Parapharyngodon Chatterji, 1933 and Thelandros Wedl, 1862 are redefined and distinguished on the basis of male and female caudal morphology and egg structure. Parapharyngodon spp. are found in insectivorous reptiles and amphibians whereas Thelandros spp. are essentially parasites of herbivorous and omnivorous reptiles. The following species are transferred to Parapharyngodon from Thelandros and represent new combinations: Parapharyngodon echinatus (Rudolphi, 1819), P. hemidactylus (Patwardhan, 1935), P. khartana (Johnston & Mawson, 1941), P. trachysauri (Johnston & Mawson, 1947), P. californiensis (read & Amrein, 1952), P. meridionalis (chabaud & Brygoo, 1962), P. mabouia (Rao & Hiregaudar, 1962), P. iguanae (Telford, 1965), P. calotis (Johnson, 1966), P. maculatus (Caballero, 1968) and P. garciae (Schmidt & Whittaker, 1975). Thelandros awokoyai (Babero & Okpala, 1962) n.comb., is transferred from Parapharyngodon. P. megaloon (Linstow, 1906) n.comb., P. seurati (Sandground, 1936) Freitas, 1957, P. waltoni (Read & Amrein, 1952) n.comb., P. cameroni (Belle, 1957) n.comb., P. aspiculus Khera, 1961, T. cinctus (Lonstow, 1897) and T. kuntzi Belle, 1957 are considered species inquirendae. ac]19810406     

A new genus for Diplectanum setosum Nagibina, 1976 (Monogenea: Dipletanidae), a parasite of Psammoperca waigiensis (Cuvier) (Perciformes: Latidae) from Okinawa-jima Island,Japan

Systematic Parasitology - The diplectanid monogenean Diplectanum setosum Nagibina, 1976 is redescribed based on newly collected specimens from Psammoperca waigiensis (Cuvier) (Perciformes: Latidae)...     

Revision of diplectanid monogeneans (Monopisthocotylea, Diplectanidae) in sillaginid fishes, with a description of a new species of Monoplectanum

Five species of diplectanids are described or redescribed on the basis of sclerotised parts, from a survey of 26 species of Sillaginidae in the Indo-west Pacific. Diplectanum sillagonum Tripathi is widespread, and is recorded on Sillago sihama from tropical Australia north to Hong Kong and west to India, as well as on S. vincenti (in India) and S. attenuata (Persian Gulf). Diplectanum blairense Gupta & Khanna infects S. sihama and S. indica and is sympatric with D. sillagonum over some of its range (Hong Kong to India and south to Bali). Diplectanum flagritubus Nagibina is synonymised with D. blairense. Diplectanum puriense Tripathi is redescribed from S. chondropus in western Thailand, but was not found on specimens of its type host, Sillaginopsis panijus from the Bay of Bengal. Monoplectanum youngi sp. n. is described from Sillago analis, S. ciliata, S. sihama, S. parvisquamis, S. lutea and S. attenuata and is more widespread than D. sillagonum , extending into subtropical waters in Australia. Monoplectanum australe Young infects S. maculata and S. burrus , and appears to be endemic to Australia. The diagnosis of Monoplectanum , until now monotypic, is emended, the genus is unlikely to contain more new species on sillaginid fishes, and its two species probably share a common ancestor with D. blairense. Parasitological evidence favours a close relationship between Sillaginidae and Sciaenidae.     

Dactylogyridean monogeneans of the siluriform fishes of the Old World

This is a catalogue and discussion of the known dactylogyridean monogenean genera of siluriform fishes of the Old World. Of a total of 38 nominal genera, only 19 are considered valid. Seventeen of these 19 genera are currently in the Ancyrocephalidae (containing the Ancyrocephalinae and Ancylodiscoidinae), whilst the other two (Neocalceostoma and Neocalceostomoides) are in the Neocalceostomatidae. The 17 genera are Anchylodiscus, Ancylodiscoides, Bagrobdella, Bifurcohaptor, Bychowskyella, Chauhanellus, Cornudiscoides, Hamatopeduncularia, Mizelleus, Paraquadriacanthus, Pseudancylodiscoides, Protoancylodiscoides, Quadriacanthus, Schilbetrema, Schilbetrematoides, Synodontella and Thaparocleidus. Clariotrema Long, 1981 and Neobychowskyella Ma, Wang & Li, 1983 are considered synonyms of Bychowskyella Akhmerov, 1952, Anacornuatus Dubey, Gupta & Agarwal, 1992 is considered a synonym of Quadriacanthus Paperna, 1961, Mizellebychowskia Gupta & Sachdeva, 1990 is considered a synonym of Neocalceostoma Tripathi, 1959 and Hargitrema Tripathi, 1959 is treated as a synonym of Hamatopeduncularia Yamaguti, 1953. It is proposed that the Ancylodiscoidinae be raised to family status within the order Dactylogyridea to accommodate these 17 `ancyrocephalid' genera from siluriforms, together with Malayanodiscoides and Notopterodiscoides from notopterids. A key and the diagnostic characteristics of the 19 recognised dactylogyridean genera from catfishes plus two from notopterids, together with a list of species and synonyms, are included. New combinations made in this work are Thaparocleidus avicularia (Chen, 1987) n. comb., T. calyciflorus (Chen, 1987) n. comb., T. choanovagina (Luo & Lang, 1981) n. comb., T. dissimilis (Chen, 1988) n. comb., T. leiocassis (Reichenbach-Klinke, 1959) n. comb., T. meticulosa (Chen, 1987) n. comb., T. parasoti (Zhao & Ma, 1999) n. comb., T. persculpus (Chen, 1987) n. comb., T. valga (Chen, 1987) n. comb. and T. wulingensis (Yao & Wang, 1997) n. comb. [all from Silurodiscoides] and Bychowskyella glyptothoraci (Ma, Wang & Li, 1983) n. comb. [from Neobychowskyella].     

A new and a rare parasitic copepod from fishes of Kuwait

Summary A new lernaeopodid copepod, Sparidicola papilliferens n.g., n. sp., is described from Acanthopagrus latus (Pisces: Teleostei) taken in Kuwait. This species is designated as a type of its genus, to which is transferred a second species, originally described as Brachiella lithognathae Kensley & Grindley, 1973, renamed Sparidicola lithognathae (Kensley & Grindley 1973) n. comb. A new name, Neobrachiella pillaii nom. nov., is proposed for Brachiella indica Pillai, 1968. The original name is preoccupied by Brachiella indica Tripathi, 1962, which is also transferred to the genus Neobrachiella Kabata, 1979, as N. indica (Tripathi, 1962) n. comb.     

Dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea: Polyonchoinea) parasitising the gills of snappers (Perciformes: Lutjanidae): Species of Euryhaliotrema Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 from the golden snapper Lutjanus johnii (Bloch) off northern Australia, with a redescription of Euryhaliotrema johni (Tripathi, 1959) and descriptions of two new species

Three species of Euryhaliotrema Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) were collected from the gills of four golden snapper Lutjanus johnii (Bloch) (Lutjanidae) from the marine and brackish waters off Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Type-specimens of Ancyrocephalus johni Tripathi, 1959 apparently have not survived and the possibility existed that the species was based on specimens representing more than one species. Euryhaliotrema johni (Tripathi, 1959) (sensu Young, 1968) was redescribed and determined to most likely represent A. johni, originally described from the River Hooghly, Diamond Harbour, India. Two new species were described. Euryhaliotrema longibaculoides n. sp. was most similar to Euryhaliotrema longibaculum (Zhukov, 1976) Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 from Lutjanus spp. from the western Atlantic Ocean. It differed from E. longibaculum by having a male copulatory organ (MCO) with an elongate comparatively delicate shaft and a bulbous base (MCO U- or J-shaped with funnel-shaped base in E. longibaculum). Based on the comparative morphology of the haptoral sclerites, Euryhaliotrema lisae n. sp. was most similar to Euryhaliotrema cryptophallus Kritsky & Yang, 2012 from the gills of the mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål) from the South China Sea. Euryhaliotrema lisae differed from E. cryptophallus by having a copulatory complex with an obvious weakly sclerotised J-shaped MCO (MCO cryptic, delicate, and with a shaft comprising about one counterclockwise ring in E. cryptophallus).     

Bravohollisia Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970 and Caballeria Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Pomadasys hasta (Bloch) (Pomadasyidae), with the description of a new attachment mechanism

Nine species of monogeneans were collected from the fish Pomadasys hasta (Bloch): Bravohollisia magna Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970; B. rosetta n. sp.; B. reticulata n. sp.; B. gussevi n. sp.; B. kritskyi n. sp.; Caballeria pedunculata Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970; C. robusta Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970; C. liewi n. sp.; and C. intermedius n. sp. The anchors of these species contain a canal beginning in the shaft and ending near the point; ducts of haptoral glands enter the canal in the shaft and are associated with net-like structures near the anchor tip. The net-like structures of Bravohollisia spp. are extensive, while those of Caballeria spp. are smaller and more compact. These nets probably assist the monogeneans in attaching to the gill filaments. Caballeria spp. possess four pairs of extensible haptoral digits. Species of Bravohollisia and Caballeria posses two seminal vesicles.     

A redescription of Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938), the type-species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae), and the description of P. satyui n. sp. from Epinephelus akaara off Japan

Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) has been recorded from a variety of hosts, mainly groupers. All type-specimens of Diplectanum epinepheli Yamaguti, 1938, Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1958 and Cycloplectanum hongkongensis Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981 are figured: it is concluded, as did Kritsky & Beverley-Burton (1986), that the three species are synonymous. In addition, numerous monogenean specimens from a deep-sea grouper, Epinephelus chlorostigma, collected off New Caledonia, South Pacific, were prepared using various methods and described. These specimens are also conspecific with P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) and represent a new geographical record. This species has a sclerotised vagina with a very characteristic primary chamber. The simultaneous presence of P. lantauensis (Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981) and P. epinepheli was noted in both type-slides of D. epinepheli from Japan (host: E. akaara) and C. hongkongensis from Hong Kong (host: E. bruneus). Several causes are suspected for the alleged ‘generalist’ character of P. epinepheli, including the misidentification of either fish or monogeneans and the accidental exchanges of monogeneans between fishes of different species kept alive in the same tank. Finally, the confirmed list of hosts of P. epinepheli includes E. akaara, E. awoara and E. chlorostigma; it is suggested that the latter, a widespread deep-sea fish, serves as a reservoir for the infection of the other species, which are associated with shallow waters. P. satyui n. sp. is described from two specimens found on slides from E. akaara (from the Inland Sea of Japan) deposited by Yamaguti; the new species has a sclerotised vagina with characteristic spherical chambers.

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Résumé   Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) a été mentionné chez différents h?tes, surtout des mérous. Tous les spécimens-types de Diplectanum epinepheli Yamaguti, 1938, Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1958 et Cycloplectanum hongkongensis Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981 sont figurés, et on conclut, comme Kritsky & Beverley-Burton (1986), que les trois espèces sont synonymes. De plus, de nombreux spécimens de monogènes collectés chez un mérou de profondeur, Epinephelus chlorostigma, de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique Sud, ont été préparés avec des méthodes variées. Ces spécimens sont aussi conspécifiques de P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) et la Nouvelle-Calédonie représente une nouvelle mention géographique. L’espèce a une vagin sclérifié avec une chambre primaire très caractéristique. La présence simultanée de P. lantauensis (Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981) et P. epinepheli a été notée dans les lames-types de D. epinepheli du Japon (h?te, E. akaara) et de C. hongkongensis de Hong-Kong (h?te, E. bruneus). Plusieurs causes sont soup?onnées pour le caractère prétendument ‘généraliste’ de P. epinepheli, dont les mauvaises identifications de poissons, des monogènes, et l’échange accidentel de monogènes chez des poissons gardés vivants ensemble dans un même contenant. Finalement, la liste des h?tes confirmés de P. epinepheli comprend E. akaara, E. awoara et E. chlorostigma. On fait l’hypothèse que E. chlorostigma, espèce de profondeur, a servi de réservoir pour l’infestation des autres espèces, plus associées aux eaux peu profondes. P. satyui n. sp. est décrit de deux spécimens trouvés dans des lames de parasites de E. akaara (de la mer intérieure du Japon) déposées par Yamaguti. La nouvelle espèce a un vagin sclérifié avec des chambres sphériques caractéristiques.

     

Diplectanum squamatum n.sp. (Monogenea:Diplectanidae) fro the gills of Cynoscion guatucupa (Sciecidae) in southwest Atlantic waters

Diplectanum squamatum n. sp. is described from the gills of the sciaenid Cynoscion guatucupa collected off Mar del Plata, Argentina. The new species is distinguished from other species of the genus by the morphology of the hamuli and the male copulatory organ, and presence of scales on the haptor and body. This is the first species of Diplectanum to be reported from southwest Atlantic waters and, with the possible exception of D. cayennense Euzet & Durette-Desset, 1974, the only species from the Atlantic coast of South America.     

A new monogenean genus from an ephippid fish off Peninsular Malaysia

Sundatrema langkawiense n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the gills of the orbfish Ephippus orbis (Bloch) (Ephippidae) off the Island of Langkawi, Malaysia, in the Andaman Sea. This new genus has the ancyrocephalid characteristics of four anchors, 14 marginal hooks and two bars, but differs from other four-anchored monogenean genera, and notably from Parancylodiscoides Caballero & Bravo Hollis, 1961 (found on the ephippids Chaetodipterus spp. off Central and South America), by having a unique combination of features. These include a muscular genital sucker and a vas deferens and vagina on the same (sinistral) side of the body. It is similar to Parancylodiscoides in having four haptoral reservoirs opening at the anchoral apertures, four anchors, similar connecting bars and small marginal hooks. The new species is characterised by the above generic features and by possessing a small, short copulatory organ lacking an accessory piece. Diplectanum longiphallus MacCallum, 1915 (previously attributed to Ancyrocephalus Creplin, 1839, Tetrancistrum Goto & Kikuchi, 1917 and Pseudohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1953) is transferred to Parancylodiscoides as P. longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) n. comb.     

Bryophytes of St Helena,South Atlantic Ocean. 6. Cheilolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (Jungermanniales: Lejeuneaceae), including C. microscypha (Hook.f. & Taylor) M.Wigginton,comb. nov. and C. rotalis (Hook.f. & Taylor) M.Wigginton,comb. nov.

Abstract

Two little known species of Cheilolejeunea, C. microscypha (Hook.f. & Taylor) M.Wigginton, comb. nov. (a reinstated St Helena liverwort), and C. rotalis (Hook.f. & Taylor) M.Wigginton comb. nov., endemic to St Helena, South Atlantic Ocean, are described and illustrated, and oil bodies of C. ascensionis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Grolle are newly described and illustrated.     

Alesiella gen.n. and a newly discovered relict lineage of Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

This study aimed to identify the sister group of the poorly known and morphologically isolated Burmese species Quedius lineipennis within the tribe Staphylinini (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) using morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of a broad taxon sample demonstrated that this Asian species is not a member of the genus Quedius but forms the sister taxon to the Neotropical genus Quediomacrus. Both taxa were shown to be members of a hitherto unrecognized lineage with a highly disjunct distribution. The lineage is hypothesized to be Asian in origin, with dispersals to the Americas during the early Eocene climatic maximum via Beringia and to Australia via land connections in the late Miocene. The current distribution of the lineage is considered to be relictual. New phylogenetic hypotheses within ‘Quediina’ and Staphylinini as a whole are proposed and the general tree topology of Staphylinini recovered by recent morphological studies is refined. Phylogenetic relationships within the Quedius complex remain unclear. Alesiella Brunke and Solodovnikov gen.n. , is erected for Quedius lineipennis and the Quedius subgenus Quedionuchus is reinstated to genus level with new combinations as follows: Quedionuchus atl (Smetana, 1975), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus calli (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus cipactli (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus coatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus ehacatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus ollin (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus ozomatli (Smetana, 1975), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus reitterianus (Bernhauer, 1944), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus samuraicus (Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus schultzei (Smetana, 1975), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus tecpatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus xochitl (Smetana, 1976). Quedius lugubris Lokay, 1913 is transferred from the subgenus Quedionuchus to the subgenus Distichalius and placed in synonymy: Quedius punctatellus (Heer, 1839) = Quedius lugubris Lokay, 1913, syn.n . This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C7D3C90‐FCB9‐414F‐911B‐194A1A6602DE .     

Monostephanostomum georgianum n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes) (Perciformes: Arripidae) off Kangaroo Island,South Australia,with comments on Monostephanostomum Kruse, 1979 and Stephanostomum Looss, 1899

Monostephanostomum georgianum n. sp. is described from Arripis georgianus off Kangaroo Island, South Australia. It differs from its congeners by the presence of a short second row of oral spines. M. manteri Kruse, 1979 is reported from A. georgianus off southern Western Australia and Kangaroo Island, South Australia and A. trutta off northern Tasmania. It is considered that the other two species, M. yamagutii Ramadan, 1984 and M. krusei Reimer, 1983, should probably be removed from this genus. Two new combinations are formed, M. gazzae (Shen, 1990) n. comb. (from Stephanostomum) and M. mesospinosum (Madhavi, 1976) n. comb. (from Stephanostomum). A key to the four recognised species of Monostephanostomum is given.     

A taxonomic revision of the Nematotaeniidae Lühe, 1910 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)

A taxonomic revision of the Nematotaeniidae, involving the examination of over 400 specimens, was undertaken. Some new taxonomic characters have been introduced to allow distinction of the various species. The family contains 18 recognized species in four genera. The genusNematotaenia Lühe, 1910 contains four species, namelyN. chantalae Dollfus, 1957,N. dispar (Goeze, 1782) Lühe, 1910,N. hylae Hickman, 1960, andN. tarentolae Lopez-Neyra, 1944.N. kashmirensis Fotedar, 1966,N. dollfusi, Yuen & Fernando, 1974 andN. viride Mokhtar-Maamouri & Chakroun, 1984 are considered junior synonyms ofN. dispar. N. aurangabadensis Chincholikar & Shinde, 1975,N. lopezneyrai Soler, 1945 andN. mabuiae Shinde, 1968 are consideredspecies inquirendae: the latter species probably belongs in the genusOochoristica Lühe, 1898 (Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae). The genusCylindrotaenia Jewell, 1916 is shown to possess two testes per segment and not one as originally proposed:Baerietta Hsü, 1935 is consequently synonymized withCylindrotaenia. Cylindrotaenia is divided into five species-groups on the basis of adult morphology. The first group contains two American species, namelyC. americana Jewell, 1916 andC. idahoensis (Waitz & Mehra, 1961) n. comb. The second group contains species from Australia and New Zealand, namelyC. allisonae (Schmidt, 1980), n. comb.,C. criniae (Hickman, 1960) n. comb.,C. decidua (Ainsworth, 1985) n. comb.,C. hickmani (Jones, 1985) n. comb. andC. minor (Hickman, 1960) n. comb. A third species group consists ofC. jaegerskioeldi (Janicki, 1926) n. comb.,C. magna n. sp. andC. philauti Crusz & Sanmugasunderam, 1971 and occurs in Africa, Sri Lanka and Japan. The fourth group, apparently restricted to Japan, contains a single species,C. japonica (Yamaguti, 1938) n. comb. The fifth group containsC. montana (Yamaguti, 1954) n. comb. and occurs in Japan and Tibet.C. quadrijugosa Lawler, 1939 is synonymized withC. americana, andBaerietta claviformis Yamaguti, 1954 is synonymized withC. japonica. C. baeri (Hsü, 1935) n. comb.,C. chilensis (Puga & Franjola, 1983) n. comb.,C. diana (Helfer, 1948) Lehmann, 1960,C. malayi (Yuen & Fernando, 1974) n. comb. andC. roonwali Nama, 1972 arespecies inquirendae. The genusDistoichometra, Dickey 1921 contains a single species, namelyD. bufonis Dickey, 1921.D. kozloffi Douglas, 1958 andBaerietta enteraneides (Helfer, 1948) Yamaguti, 1959 are reduced to synonymy withD. bufonis. Bitegmen n. g. is proposed to accomodate a single species,B. gerrhonoti (Telford, 1965) n. comb., which was previously included in the genusBaerietta. The present distribution of the Nematotaeniidae is largely related to that of their anuran hosts. Nematotaeniids probably arose in Gondwanaland.     

A revision of Hexacanalis Perrenoud, 1931 (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) and description of H. folifer n. sp. from the zonetail butterfly ray Gymnura zonura (Bleeker) (Rajiformes: Gymnuridae)

Hexacanalis Perrenoud, 1931 was erected for H. abruptus (Southwell, 1911) Perrenoud, 1931 based on the presence of six excretory vessels, a unique feature among the Lecanicephalidea. The genus has since been considered a junior synonym of Cephalobothrium Shipley & Hornell, 1906 or Lecanicephalum Linton, 1890, or as a genus inquirendum. Based on examination of the syntype series of H. abruptus, this species is redescribed and a lectotype designated. Examination of cestodes from the zonetail butterfly ray Gymnura zonura (Bleeker) from off Indonesian Borneo resulted in the discovery of a second species. Hexacanalis folifer n. sp. is unique among lecanicephalideans in its possession of an ovary that is U-shaped in cross-section and craspedote proglottids with prominent posterior dorso-ventral processes in the form of large lappets. The presence of six excretory vessels, confirmed in both species, supports the validity of Hexacanalis. An additional species, H. pteroplateae (Zaidi & Khan, 1976) n. comb., also from a butterfly ray, G. micrura (Bloch & Schneider) [as Pteroplatea micrura (Bloch & Schneider)], is transferred to this genus from Cephalobothrium Shipley & Hornell, 1906. A revised diagnosis of Hexacanalis is presented. Seven species of this genus remain species inquirendae. Hexacanalis appears to parasitise species of the Gymnuridae van Hasselt; however, specific identifications of the hosts are in need of re-evaluation. A summary of the cestode parasites of the Gymnuridae is presented.     

Phylogenetic relationships of the Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridea): the need for the systematic revision of the Ancyrocephalinae Bychowsky, 1937

Phylogenetic analyses based on partial 18S rDNA sequences of polyonchoinean monogeneans were conducted in order to investigate the relationships between selected families and subfamilies of the Dactylogyrinea, mainly within the Dactylogyridae. We tested the status of the Ancyrocephalidae sensu Bychowsky & Nagibina (1978) and the Ancyrocephalinae sensu Kritsky & Boeger (1989). Within the Dactylogyrinea, the Diplectanidae and Dactylogyridae are well supported by maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses, but their phylogenetic relationship with the Pseudomurraytrematidae remains unresolved. Phylogenetic relationships between the Pseudodactylogyrinae, Ancyrocephalinae, Ancylodiscoidinae and Dactylogyrinae indicate paraphyly of the Ancyrocephalidae sensu Bychowsky & Nagibina (1978). The group of species recently considered as the Dactylogyridae sensu Kritsky & Boeger (1989) comprises two sister groups. The first group includes the freshwater Ancyrocephalinae and the Ancylodiscoidinae. The second group includes the Pseudodactylogyrinae, Dactylogyrinae and the Ancyrocephalinae from the fish species Siganus doliatus and Tetraodon fluviatilis. The non-monophyly of the Ancyrocephalinae (i.e. the non-monophyly of the group of species recently considered as members of Ancyrocephalinae), previously suggested by Kritsky & Boeger (1989) using the morphological characters, indicates that classification of the Dactylogyridae needs to be revised.