四川九寨沟自然保护区兽类调查

2002 年至2003 年, 对九寨沟自然保护区兽类进行了6 次野外考察。调查确认, 保护区有兽类78 种, 其中东洋界种类50 种, 古北界种类25 种, 广布种3 种; 有10 种分布型。保护区兽类物种分布体现了较高的南北类群渗透性和残遗性; 有20 种国家I、II 级保护动物, 其中I 级6 种, 珍稀性较明显; 有四川林跳鼠、四川毛尾睡鼠、沟牙田鼠等稀有小型种类; 随着海拔增加, 兽类分布呈现古北界种类增多, 东洋界种类减少的趋势, 但在海拔3 200～3 600 m , 古北界和东洋界种类都仍然丰富, 仍然表现出区系的过渡性特征。     

四川栗子坪自然保护区的兽类区系与资源

2005年3~11月和2006年7~8月对四川栗子坪自然保护区的兽类区系和资源进行了调查,结合历史文献统计,表明保护区内共有兽类76种,隶属7目27科,其中,属国家Ⅰ级重点保护的兽类有5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护的有12种,中国特产兽类19种。区系组成以东洋界种类为主(60种),占全区兽类种数的78.95%,古北界种类(11种)和广布型种类(5种)分别占14.47%和6.58%。     

四川小寨子沟自然保护区兽类区系初报

2002年7月在小寨子沟自然保护区进行本底调查,结合前人有关资料,对该地兽类区系进行初步报道。该保护区迄今发现兽类共110种,属一类保护的5种,属二类保护的19种,属四川省重点保护的8种,另有我国特产的兽类达36种。区系组成以东洋界为主,并出现了南北混杂的现象。     

四川毛寨自然保护区兽类资源调查

2005年10～11月年和2006年4月,对四川青川县毛寨自然保护区兽类资源进行了调查。根据调查并结合访问、查阅历史资料,确认毛寨保护区有哺乳动物66种,隶7目26科。东洋界有45种,古北界有15种,广布种6种。兽类以东洋界成分为主,出现了一定程度的南北混杂现象。66种兽类中,啮齿目种类最多,有7科22种,占保护区兽类总数的33.33%;其次是食肉目,有7科16种,占24.24%;食虫目3科10种,占15.15%;偶蹄目4科8种,占12.12%;翼手目2科6种,占9.09%;灵长目和兔形目各2种,各占3.03%。保护区有国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物6种,Ⅱ级10种。有东洋界特有科2科,即熊猫科和刺山鼠科。保护区分布有两个值得关注的物种,即猪尾鼠和可能为藏鼠兔的一个新亚种的藏鼠兔。     

四川海子山自然保护区兽类资源调查初报

2003~2005年对四川海子山自然保护区兽类资源进行了3次野外调查,结合历史文献确认保护区有兽类64种。其中东洋界种类有32种,古北界种类30种,广布种2种。保护区兽类有11种分布型,有国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物6种,Ⅱ级保护动物20种。有我国特有或主要分布于我国的兽类31种。保护区兽类的特点是大型兽类如白唇鹿、水鹿、林麝、马麝、黑熊、马熊等资源非常丰富,种群数量大、密度高,具有很高的保护价值;小型兽类资源丰富,有较多的珍稀物种。     

四川雪宝顶自然保护区的兽类

2002年8月和9月,对四川雪宝顶自然保护区的兽类进行了调查,并结合历史文献,确认保护区有兽类90种,分属7目27科。区系分析表明：该保护区的兽类属东洋界的有66种,占73．3％;属古北界的有21种,占23．3％;广布种有3种,占3．4％。该保护区有国家Ⅰ级重点保护兽类7种,国家Ⅱ级保护兽类17种。     

四川喇叭河自然保护区的兽类资源

2002年7～9月对四川喇叭河自然保护区的兽类资源进行了初步调查,结果统计保护区共有兽类76种,隶属7目23科.保护区内有国家I级保护兽类5种,国家II级保护兽类16种.在76种兽类中,古北界种类14种,占18.4%;东洋界59种,占77.6%;3种为广布种,占4.0%.保护区兽类种类丰富,种群数量大.数量最多、分布最广的是牛羚、水鹿,其次有藏酋猴和金丝猴.兽类主要集中分布在保护索索棚一带.     

四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区兽类资源调查

1997年7～8月和2006年10月,对若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区兽类资源进行了野外调查.结合历史文献确认保护区有兽类39种,东洋界种类10种,古北界26种,广布种3种;有国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护动物9种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种;有我国特有或主要分布于我国的特有兽类15种.总体上看,保护区兽类资源比较贫乏、种类少.大型兽类藏原羚、藏狐和鼬科动物常见;小型兽类黑唇鼠兔、鼢鼠等种群数量大,已对高寒湿地生态系统造成一定的危害,建议进行控制.     

四川冶勒自然保护区大型真菌调查

在调查和分类的基础上发现冶勒自然保护区野生大型真菌共有143种.按Anisworth G.C.(1973)系统,隶属于2个亚门,11个目,34科,70个属.对优势科、食(药)用、有毒菌以及它们的营养类型进行了分析,结果显示:①该地区大型真菌的物种丰富(占四川的11.09%);②潜在的经济和生态价值较高(食用菌82种,药用菌26种,外生菌根菌55种);③营养类型多样化(木生,土生,粪生,外生菌根,虫生).     

黄龙寺自然保护区兽类资源的初步调查

对黄龙寺自然保护区的兽类资源进行了初步调查和研究,报道兽类共635肿,分属6目23科,其中北方类型的兽类与南方类型的比例为38．1：53．97,保护区内有我国特产兽类30种,属国家重点保护动物19种,四川省缓重点保护动物5种,最后,还对区内兽类资源的保护提出了建议。     

陕西马家山自然保护区大中型兽类的资源及区系与生态分布

马家山自然保护区(105°28′~105°40′E,32°50′~32°56′N)属秦岭西段的南坡山地。采用样线调查法和访问调查法,于2004年10~11月,对该保护区大中型兽类(包括灵长类、食肉动物和偶蹄动物)的资源、区系和生态分布进行了研究。该保护区共有23种大中型兽类,其中属我国Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级重点保护动物的兽类分别有5种和9种。它是秦岭物种多样性保护的关键地区之一。金丝猴和猕猴在此同域分布,大熊猫和羚牛四川亚种也分布于此地,该保护区是这4个珍稀濒危物种的一个新分布区。区内的23种兽类中没有古北界的区系成分,而属于东洋界成分的兽类有17种,占73.9%;其余6种为广布种,占26.1%。分析该区域23种兽类的生态分布发现,常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林和针阔叶混交林中分别有16种、20种和12种动物活动。这些物种的垂直分布幅度有很大的差异。垂直分布幅度在海拔高差1000 m以上、500~1000 m、500 m以下的物种分别有5种、13种和5种。区内不同海拔带的兽类物种数随海拔升高的变化比较平稳,没有表现出明显上升或下降的规律性变化。     

牛背梁自然保护区食肉目和偶蹄目动物的区系特征与生态分布

牛背梁自然保护区(108°45′~109°04′E,33°47′~33°56′N)位于秦岭山脉东段,地跨秦岭南北坡。采用样线调查法和访问调查法,于2003年5月~2004年8月,对该保护区食肉动物及偶蹄动物的区系特征和生态分布进行了研究。该保护区共有18种食肉动物及偶蹄动物,其中属我国级、级重点保护动物的兽类分别有2种和7种。分析表明,保护区的有蹄类动物物种丰富,秦岭分布的有蹄类在该区域均有分布,但食肉动物种数仅占整个秦岭地区的45.5%。这些兽类中,属于东洋界的兽类有12种,占66.7%;属古北界的仅1种,占5.5%;其余5种为广布种,占27.8%。牛背梁保护区在动物地理区划上应属古北界和东洋界物种交汇的区域,且为东洋界逐渐向古北界过渡的区域。分析该区域食肉动物及偶蹄动物的生态分布发现,这些物种的垂直分布幅度有很大的差异。垂直分布幅度在海拔高差1300m以上、1000m左右、450~700m之间的物种各占1/3。结果还表明,区内这些兽类物种的丰富度随海拔的升高具有先升后降的垂直变化规律。不论是秦岭南坡还是北坡,分布在海拔1800~2200m区域的兽类物种最多,所占比例大于80%;而在海拔2600m以上区域,兽类种数降至最少,仅占50%左右。兽类丰富度的海拔梯度也体现于这些兽类在各植被类型中的分布上。中山针阔叶混交林中分布的兽类种数最多,而在中低山落叶阔叶林、亚高山针叶林及亚高山灌丛草甸中分布的兽类则较少。     

Fauna characteristics and ecological distribution of Carnivora and Artiodactyla in Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve, China

Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve (NNR, 108°45′–109°04′E, 33°47′–33°56′N) is located on the eastern range of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China and spans the southern and northern slopes of Mt. Qinling. A transect survey and investigation were carried out in NNR to determine the fauna characteristics and ecological distribution of carnivora and artiodactyla from May 2003 to August 2004. The NNR has 18 mammals (carnivore and artiodactyl), two of which belong to the first class and seven to the second class of state key protected wildlife in China. The results of this study indicated that ungulates were abundant in the NNR, as all ungulates that were distributed within Mt. Qinling could be found within the reserve. However, only 45.5% of the carnivores distributed within Mt. Qinling were detected within the NNR. Among the mammals, there were 12 oriental species (66.7%), 1 palearctic specie (5.5%) and 5 widely-distributed species (27.8%). The NNR is a crossing area of palearctic species and oriental species on the zoogeographical regions, and it is a transitional area from the oriental realm to the palearctic realm. The results of the analysis on the ecological distribution of carnivore and artiodactyl in the area showed that their elevation ranges had large differences. The species whose elevation ranges above 1 300 m, about 1 000 m, and in 450–700 m occupied one third respectively. The results also indicated that species richness for the memals in the NNR peaked at a middle elevation (rising at first, then descending with the increase in elevation). Not only on the southern slope, but also on the northern slope of Mt. Qinling, the number of species distributed in the area at 1 800–2 200 m a.s.l. was the largest (more than 80%), while the number of species distributed in the area above 2 600 m a.s.l. was the smallest (about 50%). Elevation gradients of species richness for the mammals in the NNR also embodied the mammal distributions among the vegetation types. The number of species distributed in the mixed coniferous and broadleaf deciduous forest at middle elevations was the largest, while the number of species distributed in the broadleaf deciduous forest at middle and low elevations, subalpine coniferous forest, subalpine shrubbery and meadow was relatively smaller. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9): 2249–2255 [译自: 生态学报]     

Fauna characteristics and ecological distribution of Carnivora and Artiodactyla in Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve,China

Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve (NNR,108°45'-109°04'E,33°47'-33°56'N)is located on the eastern range of the Qinling Mountains in Shannxi Province,China and spans the southern and northern slopes of Mt.Qiuling.A transect survey and investigation were carried out in NNR to determine the fauna characteristics and ecological distribution of carnivora and artiodactyla from May 2003 to August 2004.The NNR has 18 mammals (carnivore and artiodactyl),two of which belong to the first class and seven to the second class of state key protected wildlife in China.The results of this study indicated that ungulates were abundant in the NNR,as all ungulates that were distributed within bit.Qiuling could be found within the reserve.However,only45.5%of the carnivores distributed within Mt.Qinling were detected within the NNR.Among the mammals,there were 12 oriental species (66.7%),1 palearctic specie (5.5%)and 5 widely-distributed species (27.8%).The NNR is a crossing area of palearctic species and oriental species on the zoogeographical regions,and it is a transitional area from the oriental realm to the palearctic realm.The results of the analysis on the ecological distribution of carnivore and artiodactyl in the area showed that their elevation ranges had large differences.The species whose elevation ranges above 1300 m,about 1000 m,and in 450-700 m occupied one third respectively.The results also indicated that species richness for the mammals in the NNR peaked at a middle elevation (rising at first,then descending with the increase in elevation).Not only on the southern slope,but also on the northern slope of Mt.Qinling,the number of species distributed in the area at 1800-2200 m a.s.l.was the largest (more than 80%),while the number of species distributed in the area above 2 600 m a.s.l.was the smallest (about 50%).Elevation gradients of species richness for the mammals in the NNR also embodied the mammal distributions among the vegetation types.The number of species distributed in the mixed coniferous and broadleaf deciduous forest at middle elevations was the largest,while the number of species distributed in the broadleaf deciduous forest at middle and low elevations,subalpine coniferous forest,subalpine shrubbery and meadow was relatively smaller.