基于ISSR标记的62个朱顶红品种的遗传关系分析及指纹图谱构建

采用ISSR标记方法分析了62个朱顶红(Hippeastrum spp.)品种(包含60个引自荷兰的品种和2个苏州本地品种)的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA法对62个朱顶红品种进行聚类分析.在此基础上,通过特异性条带的比较及筛选,采用黑白方格示意图法构建了供试品种的ISSR指纹图谱.扩增结果显示:用11条引物从62个朱顶红品种的基因组DNA中共扩增出118条带,其中多态性条带109条,多态性条带百分率达92.4％,有5条引物扩增条带的多态性条带百分率达100.0％.62个品种间的遗传相似系数变幅较大,为0.371 4～0.842 9,表明各品种间存在丰富的遗传变异和遗传多样性.聚类分析结果显示:在遗传相似系数0.63处62个品种被分为7组,多数形态相似的品种被聚在一起;其中形态相似的白色单瓣品种间遗传相似系数较高(约0.8),大多聚在一起,表明它们同源性较高;而2个苏州本地品种间遗传相似系数最高(0.842 9),表明它们可能具有同一来源.品种‘小红星’在引物UBC873扩增图谱的450 bp处有1条特异性条带,而品种‘精灵’在引物UBC835扩增图谱的3 000 bp处有1条特异缺失条带,这2条特异性条带可分别用于品种‘小红星’和‘精灵’的鉴定.基于引物UBC835和UBC873的ISSR扩增条带组合构建了供试的62个朱顶红品种的ISSR指纹图谱,采用这一指纹图谱可对供试的所有朱顶红品种进行鉴定.     

43个福建省茶树品种指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

为了解福建省茶树品种的遗传多样性,从38对SSR引物中筛选出扩增条带清晰,多态性较好的引物23对,对43个茶树品种的遗传多样性进行了分析,并选取扩增条带少、多态性较高的7对SSR引物构建茶树品种指纹图谱。聚类结果表明,43个茶树品种可聚成10个类群,遗传距离最远的品种是‘八仙茶’,距离最近的品种是‘福鼎大毫茶’与‘九龙大白茶’;福建省选育的乌龙茶品种比绿茶品种的遗传多样性丰富;同时来源于共同亲本的品种表现出较高的相似系数,聚为一类;来源地相同的品种也因有较高的相似系数而聚为一类;地理距离越远的品种,遗传距离也越大。这为茶叶生产选种和茶树遗传改良提供参考依据。     

基于SRAP标记的大花蕙兰种质资源遗传多样性分析

采用SRAP技术分析了来源于不同国家和地区的42个大花蕙兰品种及4个国兰原生种之间的遗传亲缘关系。34对引物组合中筛选出29对带型稳定、多态性较好的引物组合,共扩增出398条谱带,其中387条为多态带,多态性比率97.2%,平均每个引物组合扩增多态性带13.3条。46份种质之间的相似系数变化范围为0.60～0.99,平均为0.76。基于29个SRAP标记的扩增结果,利用NTSYS 2.10e软件计算Dice遗传相似系数,并建立UPGMA聚类图,结果表明:在遗传相似系数0.69处将供试材料分为4类,较好地揭示了大花蕙兰品种及国兰原生种间的遗传多样性与亲缘关系,可为大花蕙兰种质资源利用及杂交育种中亲本选择提供科学依据。     

银杏观赏品种遗传关系的AFLP分析

从64对EcoRⅠ／MseⅠ引物（其中MseⅠ引物为荧光标记物）中筛选出8对扩增产物多态性高、谱带清晰的引物,对来自美国、荷兰、日本、法国和我国的21个银杏观赏品种的遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明：8对引物共产生1117条谱带,229个特异位点（其中缺失带54条、单态带175条）,多态带983条,多态带的比例为88％;每对引物鉴别效率为100％。14个国外银杏观赏品种平均多态带的比例35．86％,7个国内品种平均多态带的比例31．51％。21个观赏品种之间相似系数为0．4899-0．8499。当相似系数为0．7300时,供试观赏品种可分为四类,来源地相同的品种并不单独聚成一类,中国和法国的品种分别属于其中的三类。根据对观赏品种的特异位点、相似系数、聚类结果等进行综合分析表明,‘塔形银杏’、‘垂乳银杏’、‘筒叶银杏’、‘大耳银杏’、‘斑叶银杏’、‘展冠银杏’、‘垂枝银杏’、‘沂源叶籽银杏’这8个品种是银杏观赏品种中的重要特异种质。     

新疆石榴品种的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对23个石榴品种进行亲缘关系鉴定和品种分类研究.从50条10 bp随机引物中筛选出7条扩增效果较好的引物进行扩增,共扩增出88条带,其中多态性带为61条,多态率达69%.根据扩增结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,聚类结果将23个品种分为5大类群,第1类包括库尔勒市甜石榴与喀什市大籽甜石榴等甜石榴品种;第2类是阿图什市酸石榴;第3类包括喀什市阿奇克阿娜尔、叶城酸石榴等酸石榴品种;第4类包括吐鲁番市甜石榴、库车酸甜石榴等种间杂交和来源不详品种;第5类包括皮亚曼石榴和策勒1号等新疆优质石榴品种.研究结果表明:石榴品种间的遗传多态性有明显差异,即使父母本相同的品种也能区别.     

红掌品种亲缘关系SRAP分析

利用相关序列扩增多态性（SRAP）分子标记,从100对引物组合中筛选出 26对多态性高、条带清晰的SRAP引物,对33个红掌品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果如下：（1）26对引物共扩增出366条条带,其中有314条多态性条带,多态性比率为85.79%。引物组合产生的条带数在9～23之间,平均每对引物组合扩增出14.1条和12.1条多态性条带。（2）根据SRAP扩增结果,利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,33份材料的遗传相似系数在0.55～0.94之间,在遗传相似系数0.786处可将33个红掌品种分为5个类群。结果表明,供试品种遗传多样性丰富,本研究为品种鉴定和杂交育种提供了参考信息。     

基于EST-SSR标记的莲属种质资源遗传多样性分析

利用EST-SSR分子标记对30个亚洲莲、6个美洲莲及14个亚美杂交莲品种(野生居群)进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明:从123对EST-SSR引物中筛选出52对(42.3%)扩增稳定、具有多态性的引物;利用这52对引物对50个不同类型代表的莲属品种进行扩增,共获得177条多态性条带,引物的等位基因数和多态性信息量(PIC)的范围分别为2~8个和0.63(NNFB-1059)-0.91(NNFB-750),平均为3.4个和0.79。利用NTSYS-pc2.11软件对扩增结果进行Jaccard相似性系数分析,50个荷花品种材料遗传相似系数为0.24~0.86;通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.37处供试荷花材料可分为4大类群:亚洲莲品种均聚类在I、II类群中,III类群绝大部分为亚美杂交莲品种,IV类群为美洲莲,亚美杂交莲品种与亚洲莲品种的亲缘关系相对较近,与传统分类及前人研究结果相一致。     

53个猕猴桃品种(品系)亲缘关系的SCoT分析

现有主流猕猴桃品种的遗传背景相对单一,亲本来源地理分布狭窄,亲缘关系不清晰。为充分利用杂种优势,该研究以广西植物研究所猕猴桃种质资源圃收集的53个猕猴桃品种(品系)叶片为材料,使用SCoT分子标记进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:(1)10条引物在53份猕猴桃供试材料中共扩增出110条条带,各引物扩增的条带在8～15条之间,引物平均扩增条带数为11条;其中多态性条带101条,引物平均扩增多态性条带数为10.1条,多态性比例为91.81%。(2)聚类分析显示猕猴桃品种(品系)没有按类型、倍性或选育地等形成明显有规律的聚类关系。但相对来说,同一杂交后代个体之间的亲缘关系比亲本与后代个体之间的亲缘关系更近;芽变品种与原品种并没有表现出特别近的遗传距离,说明芽变材料的突变可能在基因组或染色体层面发生了较大范围的重组、复制或丢失;‘楚红’‘桂红’‘湘吉红’和‘龙藏红’4个红肉品种与‘红阳’亲缘关系明显较远,说明其可能由不同亲本衍生而来;初步验证了‘桂海四号’可能为‘Hort16A’亲本之一的推测。     

无籽西瓜品种SSR指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记构建了27份中国无籽西瓜主栽品种的DNA指纹并进行了遗传多样性分析。24对多态性引物共扩增出66种基因型,基因型数2-5个不等,平均2.75个。平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.37,变化范围为 0.19～0.66。有4个品种具有特征谱带。27个品种遗传相似系数变化范围为 0.7045～1.0,平均0.8683。组合24对引物,除无法区分‘郑抗无籽1号’与‘雪峰花皮无籽’,其余品种均能一一区分开。采用类平均法进行聚类分析,在相似系数0.83处,可将27个品种分为3大类。     

紫斑牡丹遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对一个居群内的16个紫斑牡丹品种材料进行基因组多态性分析,从100条引物中筛选出15条用于紫斑牡丹的ISSR扩增。共扩增出134条带,其中多态性条带96条,多态性百分率为71.6%。根据ISSR扩增结果,利用NTSYSpc 2.10e软件进行Jaccard相似性系数分析,16个紫斑牡丹品种的遗传相似系数为0.45～0.93。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,在遗传相似系数0.534处,16个紫斑牡丹品种材料可分为4类。第Ⅰ类中的6个紫斑牡丹品种材料中有5个为皇冠型品种,1个单瓣型,其他类中也有皇冠花型品种但未聚在Ⅰ类中;第Ⅱ类仅有1个‘粉盘托桂’,它是所选材料中唯一的托桂型品种,单独聚为一类;第Ⅲ类由不同花色、花型品种聚为一类,可见亲缘关系较近的紫斑牡丹品种性状变异性也很大;第Ⅳ类中A组品种材料均为白色,花型有单瓣型、荷花型和绣球型;B组仅有一个‘银线女’,它是所选材料中唯一的红色绣球型材料。研究表明,不同相似系数的遗传聚类划分与花色、花型之间并非完全具有相关性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.