巴巴拉百合花的天然香气成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对巴巴拉百合花挥发油进行了提取．通过毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法分离并鉴定了其化学成分．并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量。共分离出62个峰,确定了其中60种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的99．71％．主要化学成分为：萜二烯(59．43％);3,7-二甲基-1．6-辛二烯-3-醇(20．10％);(R)-4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯1醇(11．32％);3异丙烯基-5,5-二甲基环已烯(4．05％);2-氨基苯甲酸-3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-酯(3．52％);( )-α-萜品醇(p-薄荷-1-酮-8-醇)(2．22%);β-月桂烯(1．08％)。以上7种化合物占总挥发油的94．72％。     

益母草挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取益母草的挥发油,并用气相色谱．质谱联用分析鉴定了其中62个化学成分。其主要化学成分是：1-辛烯-3-醇(18．96％)、吉马烯-D(10．78％)、α-蒎烯(9．57％)、β-石竹烯(7．31％)、双环吉马烯(3.37％)和芳樟醇(2．32％)。通过对益母草挥发油含量和有效成分的分析和评价,为更好的开发和综合利用益母草资源提供了部分科学依据。     

下田菊挥发油化学成分的研究

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取下田菊(Adenostemma lavenia(L.)O.Ktze.)地上部分的挥发油,提取10h的挥发油得率为0.990%。采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术结合计算机检索对该挥发油的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共分离出36个峰,鉴定了其中的35种成分,占总量的99.56%,其中α-荜澄茄油烯(32.62%)、石竹烯(24.97%)和γ-榄香烯(5.53%)为主要成分,此外α-石竹烯(3.97%)、α-恰米烯(3.57%)、双环[4,3,0]-7-亚甲基-2,4,4-三甲基-2-乙烯基-壬烷(3.41%)、γ-萜品烯(3.07%)、d-柠檬烯(2.57%)、α-蒎烯(2.49%)及2-蒈烯(2.28%)的含量也较高。     

西伯利亚百合花挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对西伯利亚百合花挥发性化学成分进行分析和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出49个峰,共确认了其中47种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的99．89％。用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对百分含量,其化学成分主要为：( ／-)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯)-环己烯(66．00％);3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(19．37％);4-甲基-l-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯-1-醇(3．33％);1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4-环己二烯(2．72％);2-氨基苯甲酸-3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-酯(1．76％)。以上5种化合物占总挥发油的93．18％。     

花椒挥发油的超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的比较

采用超临界萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法从花椒中提取花椒挥发油,用GC—MS方法测定各种提取方法得到挥发油的化学成分及相对含量。结果表明,水蒸气提取挥发得率为3．8％（W／W）,主要成分为柠檬烯（22．75％）、沉香醇（21．70％）、罗勒烯（3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯）（14．27％）等。超临界CO2萃取法挥发油得率为5．9％（W／W）,主要成分为柠檬烯（14．01％）、沉香醇（13．18％）、罗勒烯（3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯）（26．23％）等。两种方法所得到的挥发进行比较,水蒸气蒸馏法分离法得到的挥发油中分离出78个峰,其中含量和相似度高的成分有31种,占86．31％。超临界CO2萃取法提取的花椒挥发油中分离出了152个峰,含量和相似度高的成分有36种,占74．72％。两种提取方法所得到的主要挥发油中有27种成分相同。     

假烟叶树叶挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对茄科植物假烟叶树(Solanum verbascifoliumL.)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析和鉴定。其新鲜叶片提取10 h的挥发油得率为0.0611%。经毛细管色谱分离出18个峰,共鉴定出17种化合物,占挥发油总量的99.73%;用气相色谱面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量,其主要化学成分为:大牻牛儿烯D(37.07%),咕巴烯(26.29%),1β-(1-甲基乙基)-4,7-二甲基-1α,2,4a()β,5,8,8a()α-六氢萘(13.63%),石竹烯(8.03%),1-β乙烯基-1-α甲基-2,β4-β双(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烷(5.81%),-γ榄香烯(2.16%),α-筚澄茄油烯(2.06%),异喇叭烯(0.98%)。以上8种化合物占总挥发油含量的90.22%。     

苍术及其麸炒品挥发油化学成分及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶比较研究

为了研究苍术麸炒前后挥发油的化学成分及降血糖活性的变化,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取苍术生品和麸炒品的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱技术分析,并采用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型进行酶抑制活性研究.结果表明生苍术麸炒后挥发油含量显著降低,烯类、苯类、萘类及环己烯类化合物的显著减少,而[2R-(2α,4aα,8aβ)]-十氢-α,α,4a-三甲基-8-亚甲基-2-萘甲醇和联苯甲酯明显增加;α-葡萄糖苷酶活性降低,抑制强度依次为生苍术＞麸炒苍术＞阿卡波糖(阳性对照).表明苍术挥发油有较好的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性作用.     

贵州老鹰茶（红果黄肉楠）挥发油成分研究

利用常压水蒸气蒸馏提取贵州老鹰茶（Actinoaphne cupularis(Hembsl.)Gamble)的挥发油,挥发油得率0．21％,用气相色谱－质谱联用仪进行定性分析。结合计算机检索技术,对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,NIST化合物谱库检索,应用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量。从Actinodaplme cupularis挥发油中检出138种成分,鉴定出66种成分,占挥发油组成的47．83％,主要成分是异丁子香烯（I*socaryophillene),含量8＝28％;其次是大根香叶烯B（Germacrene,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-(1.α.,4a.α.,8a.α.)-),含量6．57％,其挥发油成分主要是萜类。     

皱叶留兰香挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从皱叶留兰香（Mentha crispate Schrad．）中提取挥发油,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析。皱叶留兰香挥发油中鉴定出46种化学成分,占总挥发油的92％。其中含量最高的为2-甲基-5-（1-甲基乙烯基）-2-环已烯-1-酮（49．15％）、右旋柠檬烯（19．099％）、1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-（1-甲基乙基）-1,6-环癸二3．749％）。     

藏药毛蕊杜鹃挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的：通过研究毛蕊杜鹃挥发油的化学成分,为毛蕊杜鹃的药用及开发利用提供依据.方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取毛蕊杜鹃挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分离,归一化法测其相对含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定.结果：共鉴定出38个化合物,鉴定出的化合物含量占总挥发油的92.96％.结论：毛蕊杜鹃挥发油主要成分为δ-杜松烯（相对含量为15.90％）;胡萝卜醇（15.09％）;α-杜松醇（15.02％）;τ-杜松醇（9.66％）;α-衣兰油烯（4.25％）;1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-[1-甲基乙基]-萘（4.14％）;1,7-二甲基-4-异丙基-2,7-环癸二烯-1-羟基（3.27％）;石竹烯（2.86％）;5-甲基-9-亚甲基-2-异丙基-二环[4.4.0]癸-1-烯（2.62％）;1,4-二甲基-3-[2-甲基-1-丙烯-1-基]-4-乙烯基-1-环庚烯（2.42％）;γ-衣兰油烯（2.21％）;愈创醇（1.50％）;β-古芸烯（1.34％）.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.