江西虾脊兰属一新变型——异钩距虾脊兰

描述了产自江西的兰科(Orchidaceae)虾脊兰属(Calanthe R. Br.)植物一新变型——异钩距虾脊兰 (Calanthe graciliflora f. jiangxiensis B. Li, L. J. Kong et B. Y. Yang),并绘制了线条图。该新变型与原变型钩距虾脊兰(C. graciliflora Hayata)的主要区别为距末端分裂为2个不等的短尖。     

刚毛盆距兰, 中国兰科一新记录种

报道了中国兰科盆距兰属一新记录种: 刚毛盆距兰(Gastrochilus setosus Aver. & Vuong),并提供彩色照片及详细特征描述。该种形态上与红松盆距兰(G. raraensis Fukuuama)近似,但前者植株小,唇瓣具短刚毛,距为圆筒状等特征极易与红松盆距兰区分开。该种原仅分布于越南,现首次在中国西藏发现其分布。凭证标本保存于西藏农牧学院标本馆。     

中国长足兰属(兰科)一新记录（英文）

报道了中国兰科植物一新记录,即筒距长足兰[Pteroceras teres(Blume)Holttum],并提供了描述与图片。该种与滇南长足兰[P.compressum(Blume)Holttum]相似,但以花序轴圆柱形;花黄色,螺旋状排列;距的先端囊状,两侧压扁并多少扭转等特征与之区别。     

四川省兰科植物新资料

报道了近期在四川地区进行生物多样性与植被考察过程中发现的兰科植物8种，包括华西羊耳蒜（Liparis pygmaea King&Pantl.）——100多年后再次在中国西部发现的物种；4个四川省新记录种，冷兰[Herminium humidicola (K. Y. Lang&D. S. Deng) X. H. Jin, Schuit., Raskoti&L. Q. Huang]、套叶兰[Oberonia sinica (S. C. Chen&K. Y.Lang) Ormerod]、台湾吻兰（Collabium formosanum Hayata）和河边绶草（Spiranthes sunii Boufford&Wen H. Zhang）；另补充了近年发表的3个四川省兰科新记录种兜蕊兰（Androcorys ophioglossoides Schltr.）、翘距虾脊兰（Calanthe aristulifera Rchb. f.）和卡氏对叶兰（Neottia karoana Szlach.）的新分布地点。凭证标本均存放于中国科学院成都生物研究所植物标...     

中国兰科植物新资料

报道了中国兰科(Orchidaceae)一新记录种——白苞石豆兰（Bulbophyllum albibracteum Seidenf.）,它的主要特征是花苞片白色,大且显著,外弯,边缘具细锯齿;萼片背面沿中脉具短毛;蕊柱齿直立细长,长达1 mm。鞍唇沼兰（Malaxis matsudai (Yamamoto) Hatusima）与全唇叉柱兰（Cheirostylis takeoi(Hayata) Schltr.）为中国大陆新记录。     

西藏兰科植物名录增补

对2017年11月至2022年1月报道于西藏自治区的15个兰科植物新种、77个兰科植物新记录种统计表明,绝大部分(85.9%)发现于墨脱县。该研究于2021年进一步对墨脱县野生兰科植物资源进行调查,经查阅标本和文献比对鉴定,共发现采自墨脱县的兰科植物西藏新记录属1个——叉柱兰属(Cheirostylis Blume),西藏兰科新记录种10个——巡胡石豆兰(Bulbophyllum sinhoense Aver.)、葡萄天麻(Gastrodia putaoensis X.H.Jin)、中华叉柱兰(C.chinensis Rolfe)、弯瓣大苞兰[Bulbophyllum sasakii(Hayata)J.J.Verm.,Schuit.&de Vogel]、独龙石斛(Dendrobium praecinctum Rchb.f.)、直立山珊瑚[Cyrtosia falconeri(Hook.f.)Aver.]、红唇鸢尾兰(Oberonia rufilabris Lindl.)、白肋菱兰[Rhomboda tokioi(Fukuy.)Ormerod]、带唇兰(Tainia dunnii Rolfe)和绿叶线柱兰(Zeuxine agyokuana Fukuy.),其中巡胡石豆兰和葡萄天麻为2个中国新记录种。结合最新文献及野外植株形态,对以上物种分别进行了描述,提供花期照片和解剖图,并总结了新记录种与相似种之间的差异,以方便鉴别。凭证标本均存放于华东师范大学植物标本馆(HSNU)。     

广东省兰科植物新记录

报道1个广东兰科植物新记录属:长喙兰属(Tsaiorchis),5个新记录种:江口盆距兰(Gastrochilus nanus),尾唇羊耳蒜(Liparis krameri),小沼兰(Malaxis microtatantha),长轴白点兰(Thrixspermum saruwatarii),长喙兰(Tsaiorchis neottianthoides)。凭证标本均保存在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。     

西藏兰科植物分布新记录

报道了西藏兰科植物6种分布新记录种,分别为石斛属( Dendrobium Sw.)的单葶草石斛( D. porphyrochilum Lindl.)、曲唇兰属[ Panisea (Lindl.) Steud.]的云南曲唇兰( P. yunnanensis S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi)、苹兰属( Pinalia Lindley)的长苞苹兰[ Pi. obvia (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood]、白点兰属( Thrixspermum Lour.)的长轴白点兰[ T. saruwatarii (Hayata) Schltr.]和石豆兰属( Bulbophyllum Thou.)的柄叶石豆兰( B. apodum J. D. Hooker)、细柄石豆兰[ B. striatum (Griff.) Rchb. f.],并附有新记录种的描述及特征照片。凭证标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(XZE)。     

兰科植物新分类群

本文报导了兰科植物6新种、即海南盆距兰Gastrochilus hainanensis Tsi,sp.,nov.,中华盆距兰;Gastrochilus sinensis Tsi,Sp.nov.;镰叶盆距兰Gastr-ochilus acinacifolius Tsi,Sp.nov.;南贡隔距兰Cleisostoma nangongense Tsi,sp.nov.勐海石斛Dendrobium minutiflorum S.C.Chen et Tsi,sp.nov.;云北石豆兰Bulbophyllum tengchongense Tsi,sp.nov.。     

湖北单子叶植物新记录

于2011~2013年对湖北神农架国家级自然保护区进行了第四次全国中药资源普查,发现若干湖北植物新记录。该研究报道了湖北单子叶植物2个新记录属——顶冰花属(Gagea Salisbury)和筒距兰属(Tipularia Nuttall),8个新记录种分别为:少花顶冰花[Gagea pauciflora(Turczaninow ex Trautvetter)Ledebour]、凤凰蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra fenghuangensis K.Y.Lang)、卷瓣重楼(Paris undulata H.LiV.G.Soukup)、筒距兰(Tipularia szechuanica Schlechter)、大黄花虾脊兰(Calanthe sieboldii Decaisne ex Regel)、小杜若[Pollia miranda(H.Léveillé)H.Hara]、长耳南星(Arisaema auriculatum Buchet)、大针薹草(Carex uda Maximowicz)。包含3种国家二级保护植物——卷瓣重楼、筒距兰、大黄花虾脊兰。IUCN将筒距兰列为易危级别,卷瓣重楼和大黄花虾脊兰被列为极危级别,其中大黄花虾脊兰还是我国极小种群野生植物资源。该文对这些物种分布新区域的报道,扩大了这些植物的分布范围,也丰富和加深了对湖北植物多样性的认识与了解。     

广西凭祥口岸首次截获有害生物台湾坡天牛Pterolophia formosana

台湾坡天牛一般随着木制品及包装制品进行远距离传播入境。目前我国台湾地区和日本有分布,在我国大陆地区尚未见该虫的发生报道。2019年5月凭祥口岸从来自越南的相思木板上截获了台湾坡天牛,为我国大陆首次截获。通过显微形态特征的观察和测量进行台湾坡天牛种类鉴定。台湾坡天牛与近似种的主要区别:其鞘翅基部具明显的黑褐色宽横带。通过入侵可能性分析,来自我国台湾地区、日本的台湾坡天牛入侵我国大陆地区的可能性很大。台湾坡天牛在我国广东、广西、福建等地区定殖和扩散风险很大。一旦传入我国,将对我国的农林安全造成巨大威胁,各口岸应对进境的木制品及包装加强检验检疫。     

白毛算盘子(叶下珠科)在中国无分布

长期以来,白毛算盘子(Glochidion arborescens Blume)被认为广布于中国云南西部至南部地区。该研究基于多年野外考察及标本查阅工作发现,由于白毛算盘子在中国的分布实为标本错误鉴定所致,相关错误鉴定的标本绝大部分属于绒毛算盘子[G.heyneanum(Wight&Arn.) Wight],少部分属于里白算盘子(G.acuminatum var.acuminatum Müll. Arg.)、毛果算盘子(G.eriocarpum Champ. ex Benth.)、艾胶算盘子[G.lancolarium(Roxb.) Voigt]或厚叶算盘子[G.zeylanicum var.tomentosum(Dalzell) Trimen]等物种,故在此将白毛算盘子在中国的分布予以排除。另外,对白毛算盘子进行了后选模式指定,并提供了白毛算盘子与相关混淆种的物种检索表。     

中国算盘子属(叶下珠科)一些种的分类学处理

算盘子属(Glochidion J.R.G.Forst.)是叶下珠科(Phyllanthaceae)叶下珠族(Phyllantheae)中一个分类极为困难的类群。基于广泛野外考察与馆藏标本查阅,对中国该属部分物种进行分类学处理。其中,长柱算盘子[G.khasicum(Müll.Arg.)Hook.f.]与倒卵叶算盘子(G.obovatum SieboldZucc.)在中国的分布予以排除,菲岛算盘子[G.philippicum(Cav.)C.B.Rob.]在中国被发现仅分布于台湾地区;G.bodinieri H.Lév.,G.pseudo-obscurum var.glabrum Pamp.与G.pseudo-obscurum var.lanceolatum Pamp.这三个名称被处理为湖北算盘子(G.wilsonii Hutch.)的新异名;G.vaniotii H.Lév.被排除在算盘子属外,并接受为芸香科臭常春(Orixa japonica Thunb.)的异名。另外,对G.khasicum(Müll.Arg.)Hook.f.,G.obovatum SieboldZucc.,G.philippicum(Cav.)C.B.Rob.,G.pseudo-obscurum var.lanceolatum Pamp.及G.wilsonii Hutch.这五个名称进行了后选模式的指定。     

Population genetic structure and interspecific differentiation between Acer davidii Franchi. and A. morrisonense Hayata (Aceraceae) based on SSR markers

Acer davidii Franch. and A. morrisonense Hayata are two important forest tree species (Aceraceae) endemic to mainland China and the Taiwan area, respectively. To investigate population structure and interspecific differentiation between them, we characterized a set of novel microsatellite markers using Illumina sequencing technology. The cross-species amplification analysis showed that 11 out of 21 polymorphic SSR primers of A. davidii also exhibited polymorphisms in A. morrisonense. At the species level, A. davidii has a slightly higher genetic diversity (mean observed heterozygosity, H_O = 0.180) than A. morrisonense (H_O = 0.119). AMOVA showed that most of the variations in A. davidii occurred among individuals within populations and within individuals. Bayesian clustering analyses demonstrated that the two maple species formed two clear genetic lineages. PCoA showed that A. davidii and A. morrisonense were significantly divided into two genetic groups. In addition, asymmetrical weaker gene flow was detected among the two forest tree species. These results suggest that the long term geographic isolation between the mainland and Taiwan may have resulted in a high level of genetic differentiation between these two important maple species.     

Refugia and phylogeography of Taiwania in East Asia

Aim The East Asia endemic Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata is an iconic and relictual monotypic conifer whose main extant populations are now restricted to the Yunnan–Myanmar border, northern Vietnam and Taiwan. It has also been reported from several localities in Guizhou, Hubei and Fujian Provinces, China. Its fossil record indicates that, while it was more widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and grew under a range of different ecological conditions, it has remained almost unchanged in its morphology for over 100 Myr. We investigate whether these remaining extant, disjunct populations have diverged genetically; when such a divergence may have occurred; and which, if any, of the extant populations exhibit refugial characteristics. Location East Asia. Methods Sequences of five chloroplast DNA markers (petG–trnP, trnH–psbA, trnV–trnM, trnC–ycf6 and trnL–trnF) from all extant populations of T. cryptomerioides were analysed to reveal their phylogeography. Molecular clock models with fossil calibrations were used to estimate divergence times between extant populations. Results Extremely low nucleotide diversity was found in the overall population (π = 0.00077) with only nine haplotypes distinguished. The mainland Asia populations share one major ancestral haplotype. The insular populations in Taiwan all possess a unique haplotype with at least an eight‐mutational‐step difference to the mainland Asia haplotype. Molecular clock estimations demonstrated that the mean divergence time between the predominant insular population haplotype and the mainland Asia haplotype occurred at c. 3.23–3.41 Ma, followed by a split into Vietnamese and Yunnan–Myanmar populations (c. 1.0–1.39 Ma). Main conclusions Strong genetic differentiation exists between insular (Taiwan) and mainland Asia populations. The split between insular and mainland haplotypes can be dated back to the end of the Pliocene. The Yunnan–Myanmar border area, northern Vietnam and Taiwan are identified here as potential refugia for T. cryptomerioides. Other populations in mainland China are unlikely to be the result of historical fragmentation and their origins require further investigation.     

警惕杰克贝尔氏粉蚧Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller在中国大陆扩散

杰克贝尔氏粉蚧原产于新热带区,是新近传入中国大陆的一种外来生物,主要危害水果、蔬菜、园林植物和粮食作物。该虫于2012年首次在我国海南乐东被发现,寄主植物为丝瓜;之后又在新疆乌鲁木齐的花卉市场被发现,寄主植物为来自广东或福建的盆景人参榕。杰克贝尔氏粉蚧寄主范围广泛,涉及50科200多种,且极易随农产品的贸易活动进行远距离传播扩散,对我国农林产业的安全生产构成了潜在巨大威胁。概述了杰克贝尔氏粉蚧的地理分布和生物学特征,浅析了其在我国的传播扩散趋势,并从物种鉴定、生物防治和检验检疫处理等方面提出了防控建议,以期为有效预防和控制该种粉蚧在我国的进一步传播扩散提供参考。     

中国星文衣属地衣型真菌的分类研究

星文衣属(Sarcographa)隶属于真菌界(Fungi)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)、厚顶盘目(Ostropales)、文字衣科(Graphidaceae),该属地衣体为壳状,子囊盘为放射分支状,多具子座,子囊含8孢子,子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型或亚砖壁型,主要分布于热带亚热带地区。该文通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子生物学等方法进行该属分类学研究,共报道了中国该属9种,其中变黄星文衣[Sarcographa flavescens(Dal-Forno & Eliasaro)L. W. Chen & Z. F. Jia]为新组合(≡ Phaeographis flavescens Dal-Forno & Eliasaro); 曲线星文衣[Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.)Müll. Arg. ]为中国大陆新记录种。同时,该文对近似属拟星文衣属(Sarcographina)的1物种——异孢拟星文衣[Sarcographina heterospora(Nyl.)Z. F. Jia & Lücking]进行了描述,并提供了10个物种的特征提要及与其近似种的区别特征,并编制了分种检索表。该研究为中国地衣型真菌生物多样性研究提供了基础资料。     

The genus Gottschelia Grolle (Jungermanniopsida,Lophoziaceae) in China,with a description of G. grollei,sp. nov.

Abstract

The genus Gottschelia Grolle is reported as new to mainland China, from Yunnan Province. Previously G. schizopleura (Spruce) Grolle was the only known Chinese species, reported from Taiwan. However, two further species have recently been found in the Gaoligong Shan range, Yunnan Province, G. patoniae Grolle, Schill & D.G. Long, previously known from the East Himalaya of Nepal and India (Sikkim) and G. grollei D.G. Long & Váňa, described here as a new species endemic to China, the fourth known species in the genus. The differences between the three Chinese species are enumerated with notes on distribution and ecology.     

宽囊异型兰,中国大陆兰科一新记录种

报道了中国大陆兰科异型兰属一新记录种:宽囊异型兰(Chiloschista parishii Seidenf.),并提供特征描述及彩色图片.凭证标本保存于福建农林大学林学院树木标本室(FJFC).     

湖北蕨类植物新记录

该文报道了湖北蕨类植物1个新记录属:冷蕨属(Cystopteris Bernhardi)及对应的新记录种宝兴冷蕨(Cystopteris moupinensis Franchet); 4个新记录种:台湾剑蕨(Loxogramme formosana Nakai)、扇羽阴地蕨[Botrychium lunaria (Linnaeus) Swartz]、耳状紫柄蕨[Pseudophegopteris aurita (Hooker) Ching]、巢形鳞毛蕨[Dryopteris transmorrisonense (Hayata) Hayata]; 2个新记录变种:尾头凤尾蕨(Pteris oshimensis var.paraemeiensis Ching)和西藏粉背蕨[Aleuritopteris subvillosa var. tibetica (ChingS. K. Wu) H. S. Kung]。这些蕨类新记录在湖北的发现,大大丰富了湖北的植物区系及物种多样性,同时对这些蕨类的经济价值或药用价值进行了简要分析,为其资源的进一步合理开发和利用提供了一些理论依据。