适合于胞质基因组扩增的红麻成熟叶片DNA提取改良方法

为了从成熟红麻叶片中提取高质量、高产量的基因组DNA,针对红麻成熟叶片中多糖、多酚含量较高的特性,利用改良CTAB法及改良SDS法分别提取红麻品种福红952成熟叶基因组DNA,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度计测定进行DNA质量检测。结果表明:改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA电泳时点样孔干净,条带整齐无拖带,OD260/OD280为1.9左右,产率可达1.84μg/g,其质量、产量都高于改良SDS法,所提取的DNA可用于红麻RAPD分子标记、线粒体DNA、叶绿体DNA通用引物PCR扩增。改良CTAB法是提取成熟红麻叶片DNA的有效方法,并且可用于红麻分子标记及胞质基因组学研究。     

花生DNA提取方法比较

目的:旨在筛选优化花生DNA提取方法。方法:采用SDS法、改进SDS法;CTAB法、改进CTAB法四种方法对花生叶DNA进行提取,并从电泳结果、纯度、得率、等方面对其进行比较研究,从而确定花生DNA提取适用流程;结果:CTAB法DNA平均得率为55.0μg/g.Fw,略小于SDS的60.3,但其A260/A280平均值为1.81,比SDS的1.55更接近标准要求。结论:综合考虑CTAB法是提取花生DNA的最佳方法,可提取到较高质量的DNA,符合分子检测要求;虽然改良CTAB法也相对好于SDS法,但由于步骤增加反而加剧DNA降解。     

短序十大功劳基因组总DNA提取方法研究

以短序大功劳嫩叶为材料,采用CTAB法、CTAB改良法1、CTAB改良法2、SDS法和试剂盒法五种方法提取短序十大功劳基因组总DNA,用分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测所得总DNA的纯度和得率,用ISSR-PCR扩增的方法检测所得总DNA的质量。结果表明,五种方法均能从短序大功劳叶片中提取到基因组DNA,但不同方法提取得的基因组DNA的纯度、浓度和得率存在明显的差异。CTAB改良法2和试剂盒法提取的DNA纯度高,可直接用于下游分子生物学实验,CTAB法、CTAB改良法1和SDS法提取的总DNA质量较差,不利于下游的分子生物学实验;五种方法提取的总DNA的得率在10.836~451.709μg/g之间,呈CTAB法>SDS法>CTAB改良法1>CTAB改良法2>试剂盒法的现象。此实验获得的结果可以为短序十大功劳分子生物学研究提供基础。     

高粱基因组DNA提取方法的比较与优化

目的：比较CTAB法和高盐低pH法提取高粱总DNA效果,进一步优化建立高盐低pH值法提取高粱基因组DNA的方法。方法：采用CTAB法、高盐低pH法对高粱叶片DNA进行提取,并从电泳结果、纯度、得率三方面进行比较研究。通过提取缓冲液中SDS浓度的优化,不同组织器官的DNA提取纯化以及不同沉淀方法的优化,比较不同方法对高粱基因组DNA提取的影响。结果：高盐低pH法DNA平均得率为689.36μg/g,略小于CTAB法的718.26μg/g,但其A260/A230平均值为1.854,比CTAB法的2.164更接近标准要求。高盐低pH法提取高粱基因组DNA的适宜条件确定如下：提取液中含有2%SDS、2%PVP、2%β-巯基乙醇;水浴时间30min;沉淀方法采用0.7体积异丙醇室温沉淀的沉淀方法。结论：综合考虑高盐低pH法是提取高粱基因组DNA的最佳方法。     

响应面法优化荷叶离褶伞DNA提取条件

为了高效获得荷叶离褶伞DNA,比较了CTAB法、改良CTAB法、SDS法和改良SDS法4种方法提取DNA的效果,结果表明以SDS法提取率较高且纯度最好。在单因素试验基础上,对SDS法进行优化,选取SDS提取液p H、提取时间和提取温度为影响因子,利用中心组合进行3因素5水平的试验设计,以DNA提取率为响应值,进行响应面分析。结果表明:荷叶离褶伞DNA提取的最优条件为SDS提取液p H 8.2、水浴温度81.7℃、水浴时间56.2 min。在此条件下,DNA的提取率为0.141 9μg/g。     

基因工程菌里氏木霉染色体DNA的提取方法

研究基因工程菌株里氏木霉(Trichoderma Teesei)染包体DNA的提取方法。采用冷冻研磨CTAB法、氯化苄SDS法和冷冻研磨SDS法三种提取DNA的力法。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳埘提取的DNA进行检测。结果表明：冷冻研磨CTAB法更适合此类DNA的提取。对冷冻研磨CTAB法提取条件进行了优化。用该法提取的DNA上的外源基因t—PAcDNA部分片段进行PCR扩增,获得良好结果。用本实验冷冻研磨CTAB法提取的DNA完全适用于PCR和其它的分子生物学操作的要求。     

乌桕不同组织DNA提取方法及其效果(简报)

以乌桕嫩叶和胚乳为材料,采用改良CTAB法和SDS法提取乌桕基因组DNA,研究提取条件对DNA提取效果的影响,确定β-ME用量、PVP用量、RnaseA酶用量。结果表明,用改良CTAB法提取乌桕叶片和种子时,DNA获取量和提取纯度明显优于SDS法。     

松科植物基因组总DNA提取方法的比较

目的:研究对比了用不同方法提取红松、樟子松和红皮云杉等3种松科植物叶片基因组DNA的效果,以寻找适合提取松科植物叶片基因组DNA的方法。方法:分别比较了用传统的CTAB法、SDS法以及3种改良的CTAB法提取的上述3种松科植物叶片基因组DNA的电泳、纯度和酶切效果。结果:采用不同方法提取的3种松科植物叶片基因组DNA的质量差异较大。结论:常规CTAB法和SDS法无法提取出高质量松科植物基因组DNA,而改良后的CTAB法的提取效果较好。     

小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子总DNA提取方法比较

目的：研究提取不同时期小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子总DNA的最佳方法。方法：应用改良过的四种方法（CTAB法、SDS-CTAB法、SDS法和尿素法）对小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子总DNA进行提取。结果：提取当年小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA,纯度（OD260/OD280）：CTAB法〉SDS-CTAB法〉SDS法〉尿素法=1.876〉1.7815〉1.7789〉1.6095;产率（μg/g）：SDS-CTAB法〉SDS法〉尿素法〉CTAB法=796.25〉664〉306〉291.5。提取15年的小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA,纯度（OD260/OD280）：CTAB法〉SDS-CTAB法〉SDS法〉尿素法=1.91795〉1.8876〉1.65985〉1.55925;产率（μg/g）：尿素法〉CTAB法〉SDS法〉SDS-CTAB法=1529.25〉799〉687.25〉372.5。结论：SDS-CTAB法是提取当年小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA的最佳方法。CTAB法是提取15年的小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA的最佳方法。     

茶园土壤微生物总DNA不同提取方法的比较

传统的微生物分离培养方法,在反映茶园土壤微生物基因信息上有很大的局限性,因此,目前逐步被分子生态学的方法替代,而获得高质量、大片段、无偏好的土壤微生物总DNA则是茶园土壤微生物分子生态学研究的基础.本文采用SDS高盐法、变性剂加SDS高盐法、脱腐SDS高盐法、CTAB法和Krsek改进法5种土壤微生物DNA提取方法分别从茶园土壤微生物中提取总DNA,并对5种方法提取的DNA的片段大小、质量和产量进行了综合评价.结果表明,Krsek改进法提取到的DNA片段最大(>23 kb)、纯度最高(OD260/OD280>1.70;OD260/OD230>1.35)、产量较高(>34.50μg/g dry soil)且不需纯化就可以用于PCR扩增和RFLP分析.因此,Krsek改进法是一种高效、可靠且适合于茶园土壤微生物分子生态学研究的DNA提取方法.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism