苎麻酶法脱胶研究

Bacillas sp.No.5黄产生果胶酶的最适条件是氮源1％(NH_4)SO_4,碳源5％麸皮,诱导物2％甜菜渣:34℃、培养34h。酶作用最适温度50℃,最适pH9.6;50℃以下、pH8.4以下,酶的稳定性较好。用粗酶液脱胶时,先将苎麻纤维放入稀酸中煮30分钟,再放入80～100ngu/ml(粗酶液pH9.6,保温50℃、4小时,可脱去麻纤维93％的胶质。在脱胶过程中,可用测定还原基团来指示脱胶程度。     

果胶酶CP-85211菌株的选育及其液体发酵条件的研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger) CP-831经0.03％亚硝基呱在40℃处理30分钟,获得一株高产果胶酶突变株CP-85211。该突变株发酵滤液,当以果胶为底物时,酶活力为308u／m’;当以多聚半乳糖醛酸为底物时,酶活力为842u／ml。产酶活力水平约为出发菌种的5倍。产酶最适培养基组成为：8％麦麸,2％桔皮粉和2％硫酸铵。最适培养条件为：起始pH 3．5,如℃,72小时。     

产果胶酶的菌种选育及发酵条件

炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)AS 3.396经亚硝基胍和Co60r-射线诱变,获得一株高产果胶酶突变株G5512。该菌株的发酵滤液,以高酯果胶为底物的酶活力为860u／ml;以低酯果胶为底物的酶活力为1227u／ml。产酶活力水平约为原出发菌株的2—6倍。产酶最适培养条件为：起始pH4.0—4.5,30℃,72—90小时。酶作用最适条件为：高酯果胶为底物时,pH3.5,50℃;低酯果胶为底物时,pH4.5,50℃。pH稳定范围为2．0-6．5(高酯果胶)和4.5—5.0(低酯果胶)。酶在60℃保温15分钟,高酯果胶为底物的酶剩余活力71％,低酯果胶为底物的酶活力仅剩余1％。     

脱乙酰壳聚糖固定化宇佐美曲霉木聚糖酶及固定化酶的性质和应用(英文)

研究壳聚糖吸附和戊二醛交联对木聚糖酶固定化条件 .将酶液加入到经醋酸溶液处理过的脱乙酰壳聚糖的pH 4 8的悬液中 ,加入浓度为 0 3%～ 0 4 %的戊二醛溶液 ,室温下 ,8h后得到固定化酶 .固定化酶的半失活温度比游离酶高 ,由 5 1℃升至 71℃ ,Km 值由游离酶的 1 2mg ml增加到1 5mg ml ,最适反应温度也由 5 5℃增加到 71℃ ,而最适反应pH由 4 6下降到 3 8.该固定化木聚糖酶可用于制造低聚木糖 .经过 10次连续应用实验后 ,该固定化酶的活力保持 81%     

脂肪酶产生菌Geofrichum sp. AS 2.1135产酶条件及酶一般性质的研究

在92株能同化油的地霉属菌株中,Geotrichum sp. AS2．1135菌株产脂肪酶活力为50—60u／ml,对其产酶条件的研究表明,不饱和长链脂肪酸和油类有利于酶的形成。在4％豆饼粉作为有机氮源的培养基中,加入0．2％尿素,酶活力显著增加,酶活达150u／ml。用聚乙二醇橄榄油乳化系统测定酶的作用最适pH为8．0,最适温度为4O一42℃。在pH4一9时5℃下存放24小时,或在pH 5和8时45℃保持15分钟,酶活力不变。     

利用巨大芽孢杆菌酶系合成L-丙氨酸和L-缬氨酸

本文研究了利用巨大芽孢杆菌ATCC_(39118)酶系合成氨基酸,同时也研究了丙氨酸脱氢酶、缬氨酸脱氢酶及葡萄糖脱氢酶的提纯工艺。所获得的AlaDH、ValDHc和GlcDH的比活性分别为11.2u/mg,7.8u/mg和23.0u/mg。为了进一步探讨由α-酮酸酶法转化成氨基酸的最适条件,我们对以上三种酶的主要性质,包括稳定性,最适pH、动力学常数、底物专一性及底物和产物对酶的抑制作用等进行了测定。同时用粗酶提取液和纯酶进行了由丙酮酸合成L-丙氨酸,由α-酮异戍酸合成L-缬氨酸的批量实验,在转化中葡萄糖脱氢酶作为NADH的再生酶。结果粗酶提取液催化L-丙氨酸产量的克分子转化率为80％,而纯酶催化的克分子转化率增加到92％。L-缬氨酸产量的克分子转化率也类似(93％)。     

高活力β-淀粉酶菌种的选育和发酵条件的研究

产β一淀粉酶的腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)Asl．447,通过紫外线、亚硝基胍和利福平的反复处理诱变,获得一株具有高活力β-淀粉酶的变异菌株M一3,产酶活力从74u／ml提高到5000—7000u／ml。牛肉汁液体培养基成分为：每100ml牛肉汁中加人蛋白胨1g,可溶性淀粉1g,酵母膏0．5g,NaCl 0．5g pH6．0。该变异菌的最适培养条件是：pH6—6．5 30℃48小时。酶的最适反应条件是：温度40℃,pH7 0,pH稳定范围是6—9,酶的抗热性较差,对可溶性淀粉水解率达85％以上。     

柑桔衰退病毒的提纯

从甜橙病株的嫩梢皮组织提纯柑桔衰退病毒(Citrus Tristeza Virus,CTV),冰冻组织按每克鲜组织加入5ml0.1mol/L Tris缓冲液pH8.4(内含0.15％Triton x—100)进行匀浆。经几次差速离心和两次PEG(分子量6,000)沉淀后,将获得的病毒粗提液铺在不连续蔗糖密度梯度液上,HITACHI RPS_(40)T转头30,000r/m离心3小时,收集位于300mg/ml和400mg/ml梯度层之间的分离带,洗脱、浓缩后获得CTV提纯物。提纯的CTV粒子大小为1.000—1,500x12urn,与美国的CTV抗血清起阳性反应。     

短小芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的提纯和性质的研究

由短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)209产生的胞外碱性蛋白酶的粗酶制剂(5×10 4u／g),经硼砂NaOH缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G一25脱盐,DEAE-纤维素柱层析,冷冻干燥获得部分纯化的酶。纯酶的活力为199x10u/g,比活力提高2,6倍。此酶的最适pH8．5—9．0,在pH6一10之间稳定,因此是属于微碱性蛋白酶“’。最适温度为50℃,在50℃以下稳定,在60℃处理10分钟活力损失95％。0.003村c丑件的存在对酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性均有显著提高。Ag+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Hg+,Zn2+ 对酶有抑制作用;Mn2+有明显的激活作用;1×10-3M的PCMB,IAA,O-PTH,PMSF对活力无影响;1×10-3M EDTA对酶有30％的抑制作用;在40℃用NBS(1×10-4M)、DFP(2．5mM)对醢进行10分钟处理,酶活力完全损失。此酶能水解多种天然蛋白,如酪蛋白、血红蛋白、蛇毒蛋白等,不水解鱼精蛋白和溶菌酶。以酪蛋白为底物测得的km值为0．66×10-2g／ml。在pH7．3进行圆盘凝胶电泳,虽然呈现九条带,但均具有大小不等的蛋白酶活力。     

氨基苄青霉素酰化酶产生菌AS1.586产酶条件的研究

选出了一栋产氨基苄青霉素酰化酶的北京棒状杆菌(Corynebacteria pekinense) AS1.586,并对其产酶条件进行了研究。结果表明,最适培养基成份为(％)：L-谷氨酸钠0．2,酵母膏0.2,磷酸氢二钾0.3,氯化镁0.1,硫酸亚铁0.01,葡萄糖2,硫酸镉0.1,牛肉蛋白胨0.7,起始pH7.0,通气量在250ml 三角瓶中装30ml发酵培养基为最适,于28℃,180转／分的旋转摇床上振荡培养24小时,在此条件下最终酶活力可达5．4u／ml。     

固定化果胶酶澄清果汁的条件及效果

利用固定化果胶酶对四种不同果汁澄清条件及效果进行研究,结果表明,固定化果胶酶澄清四种不同果汁的效果明显,其中澄清桔汁的果胶酶重复使用20次以上,酶活力及透光率仍可维持在80%以上,其最适反应条件是:果汁浓度50%;pH 3.0~3.5;温度45~50℃;反应时间2小时;酶量每毫升果汁0.05 g固定化果胶酶;澄清时间20小时。     

聚氨酯泡沫固定化黑曲霉P-6021可同时产果胶酶和澄清果汁

以多孔聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)固定化黑曲霉P-6021可以实现菌丝体的摇瓶重复间歇发酵产酶,重复5个批次,菌体数目增多,产酶量上升,发酵液酶活达到664u/ml。以PUF固定化黑曲霉P-6021进行了同时产果胶酶和澄清苹果汁试验,以浑浊苹果汁基质发酵12h后, 产酶量可达到643u/ml,苹果汁基本澄清,透光率提高,粘度降低。表明固定化黑曲霉可以同时产果胶酶和澄清苹果汁,实现产酶与澄清过程的耦合。     

应用果胶酶澄清甘蔗汁的研究

以甘蔗为原料,采用果胶酶和自然澄清方法进行甘蔗汁澄清比较,结果表明,酶促效果好于自然澄清,100ml甘蔗汁添加200U果胶酶在25℃、12h或45℃、1h条件下,均可使甘蔗汁的澄清度由5%提高到95%,粘度由4.0mPa·s下降到1.1mPa·s。     

余甘原汁中多酚的大孔树脂提取分离及其抗氧化活性

为研究余甘子多酚的分离提取方法,本文以余甘原汁为原料,采用NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂,对上样量、洗脱剂、洗脱体积及洗脱速度等条件进行了考察,并对提取物的抗氧化活性进行了对比分析。通过试验确定了余甘原汁多酚的大孔树脂分离提取条件为:上样速度2BV/h,上样量0.8BV,洗脱剂为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱体积3BV,洗脱速度8BV/h,在此条件下NKA-Ⅱ大孔树脂对余甘原汁中多酚的吸附率可达到88.42%,洗脱率为90.93%,提取率为80.39%;对提取物的抗氧化活性分析显示,与分离前的余甘原汁干燥物相比,提取物的多酚和维生素C含量均提高了0.53倍,类超氧化物歧化酶活性(SODL)提高了1.4倍;铁离子还原能力(FRAP)明显高于分离前,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及脂质氧化的半抑制浓度(IC50)均显著低于分离前的原汁干燥物,表明通过大孔吸附树脂分离,使余甘原汁中的多酚等抗氧化活性成分得到了有效的分离纯化。     

Effects of bentonite clay solids on poliovirus concentration from water by microporous filter methods

To determine whether suspended solids interfere with enteric virus recovery from water by microporous filter methods, the effects of bentonite clay solids at a concentration of 10 nephelometric turbidity units on the recovery of poliovirus type 1 from seeded, activated carbon-treated, filtered tap water were studied. Volumes (500 ml) of virus-laden water at pH 5.5 or 7.5, with and without 50 mM MgCl2, were filtered through 47-mm-diameter, electropositive (Virosorb 1MDS) and electronegative (Filterite) filters that had been pretreated with Tween 80 to minimize direct virus adsorption to filter surfaces. Bentonite solids enhanced virus retention on both types of filters, even under conditions in which viruses were not solids associated. However, bentonite solids also interfered with elution of retained viruses when eluting with 0.3% beef extract-50 mM glycine (pH 9.5). Under some conditions, overall virus recoveries were lower from water with bentonite solids than from solids-free control water. The results of this study indicate that clay turbidity can interfere somewhat with virus recovery by current microporous filter methods.     

AB-8大孔树脂吸附分离红花桑寄生总黄酮的影响因子研究

AB-8大孔吸附树脂对红花桑寄生总黄酮静态吸附和动态洗脱的效果,受提取液质量浓度、pH值及环境温度、振速以及洗脱剂乙醇浓度、流速等因素影响。试验表明,提取液质量浓度和pH值对AB-8树脂的吸附效果有显著影响,其吸附分离总黄酮的工艺条件为:浓度为1.2~2.0 mg/ml、pH 3.0~4.0的红花桑寄生提取液,置于摇床上,于室温条件下振荡(振速160 r/min)吸附2~3 h,然后用5倍于树脂体积(5BV)的50%乙醇以1.5 ml/min流速进行柱上动态解吸。AB-8树脂对红花桑寄生总黄酮的饱和吸附量可达29.0 mg/g,动态洗脱率达95.0%,获得产品中黄酮纯度为46.0%,得率为5.5%。     

Effects of bentonite clay solids on poliovirus concentration from water by microporous filter methods.

To determine whether suspended solids interfere with enteric virus recovery from water by microporous filter methods, the effects of bentonite clay solids at a concentration of 10 nephelometric turbidity units on the recovery of poliovirus type 1 from seeded, activated carbon-treated, filtered tap water were studied. Volumes (500 ml) of virus-laden water at pH 5.5 or 7.5, with and without 50 mM MgCl2, were filtered through 47-mm-diameter, electropositive (Virosorb 1MDS) and electronegative (Filterite) filters that had been pretreated with Tween 80 to minimize direct virus adsorption to filter surfaces. Bentonite solids enhanced virus retention on both types of filters, even under conditions in which viruses were not solids associated. However, bentonite solids also interfered with elution of retained viruses when eluting with 0.3% beef extract-50 mM glycine (pH 9.5). Under some conditions, overall virus recoveries were lower from water with bentonite solids than from solids-free control water. The results of this study indicate that clay turbidity can interfere somewhat with virus recovery by current microporous filter methods.     

小单孢菌叠加诱变与发酵过程的研究

采用庆大霉素产生菌—绛红小单孢菌 (M. purpurea) 在培养36h时添加15μg/ml的青霉素,对培养至48h对数生长期的菌体进行紫外线照射+亚硝基胍复合处理,置培养箱中37℃培养5~8d待长出菌落后再用紫外线照射叠加处理,获得一高产菌株N-14。试管发酵生测效价1913u/ml(对照625u/ml);摇瓶发酵培养120h达2178(u/ml),比对照(1243u/ml)提高75.2%;并进行了5L发酵罐发酵培养,发酵过程中测定了发酵液还原糖、总糖、氨基氮、pH、菌体浓度等代谢参数,探索了适合N-14的培养条件,连续5批次生测效价平均1967u/ml,较对照1171u/ml提高了68%, 效果明显。     

温特曲霉转富马酸为L-苹果酸的初步研究*

从大量霉菌中选育到一株具有较高富马酸酶活性的温特曲霉(Aspergillus wentii) A5-61。在摇瓶培养条件下,32℃ 96小时,产L-苹果酸达10.49g/100ml,对富马酸的转化率达90.80%。利用菌体细胞,进行酶转化试验,结果表明：1.6g湿菌体接入25ml含富马酸10.0%（用NaOH中和至pH7.0）的转化液中,35℃16～24小时,连续转化三次,分别产生L—苹果酸9.61g/100ml、9.73g/100ml、6.93g/100ml。对菌体整体细胞酶学性质的研究表明,其最适反应温度35℃,最适反应pH7.0,Cu2＋对该酶有明显的抑制作用,该酶的Km＝0.154mol/L,Vmax＝0.0571mol/L·h。     

The characterization of a pectin-degrading enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae grown on passion fruit peel as the carbon source and the evaluation of its potential for industrial applications

An extracellular pectinase (PEC-I) was isolated from the crude extract of Aspergillus oryzae when grown on passion fruit peel (PFP) as the carbon source and partially purified by ultra filtration, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography procedures. Pectinase activity was predominantly found in the retentate. The pectinase from retentate (PEC-Ret) was most active at 50?°C and pH 7.0 and stable at 50?°C with a half-life of approximately 8?h. PEC-I showed higher activity at pH 4.5 and 55?°C, 70?°C and 75?°C and was inhibited by cations (Ag⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Hg²⁺), EDTA, tannic acid and vanillin. On the other hand, PEC-I was activated by Cu²⁺, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The gel under denaturing conditions of PEC-Ret and PEC-I samples showed a protein band of ～45?kDa coincident with that found by staining for pectinase activity. In the bioscouring of cotton fabric the PEC-Ret pectinase preparation led to a better wettability and removed more pectin from the cotton fibers than the commercial enzyme preparation Viscozyme L, but was less effective than a commercial alkaline pectate lyase preparation and alkaline scouring. The incubation of PEC-Ret with guava juice resulted in a 4.15% decrease in juice viscosity.