快速鉴别菱角水螟雌雄蛹的方法

【目的】本研究拟建立一种快捷、准确地鉴别菱角水螟Parapoynx crisonalis(Walker)蛹性别的方法。【方法】基于蛹的腹部末端第8、9两腹节的腹面外部形态学特征进行判别。【结果】雌雄蛹的腹面外部形态学特征主要区别在于雄蛹第8腹节平滑无裂缝,第9腹节中央具一较短纵裂缝,其两侧具明显的半圆形瘤状突起,而雌蛹第8腹节中央具一长纵裂缝,其两侧较为平坦、无明显凸起。依据该特征鉴别菱角水螟蛹雌雄的准确率为100%。【结论】该方法在田间进行雌雄蛹快速鉴别行之有效,对提前掌握菱角水螟田间性比、下一代种群动态的预测预报工作具有重要意义。     

Suppression of the aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae) by a leaf-cutting moth Parapoynx diminutalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Jozini Dam,South Africa

A classical biological control programme against Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae) was initiated in South Africa following the discovery of extensive mats in Jozini Dam in northern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in 2006. However, in mid-2008, high densities of a phytophagous insect, Parapoynx diminutalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were discovered on the H. verticillata infestation, causing high levels of defoliation and dieback of the weed. In order to quantify the impact of the moth and to assess the long-term threat of H. verticillata to South African water bodies, a monitoring programme was initiated in 2013. Although P. diminutalis did not demonstrate a preference for H. verticillata over a native aquatic plant, Potamogeton schweinfurthii A. Bennett (Potamogetonaceae), moth populations followed a cyclical pattern of abundance, with rapid population increases coinciding with increases in the abundance of H. verticillata. High damage levels to H. verticillata were associated with high densities of immature P. diminutalis, which consistently led to population crashes of H. verticillata. Parapoynx diminutalis appears to have great potential to contribute to the management of H. verticillata in South Africa. However, the moth's oligophagous habits will probably preclude its intentional introduction into water bodies with H. verticillata where it does not already occur.     

基于外部形态特征量化分析判别菱角水螟幼虫龄期

【目的】本实验拟为田间准确快速判别菱角水螟Parapoynx crisonalis(Walker)幼虫龄期提供一种新方法,以便监测其发生规律、预测其发生时间。【方法】本研究通过对幼虫头壳宽、复眼距、体宽和体长4项外部形态指标的测量,运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归分析方法,结合各项指标的频次分布进行分析。【结果】各龄幼虫头壳宽平均值的变异系数和Crosby指数最小,为判别幼虫龄期的最佳分龄指标,幼虫期共分为5龄,1~5龄的头壳宽分别为(0.2493±0.0053)、(0.3454±0.0018)、(0.5079±0.0031)、(0.7419±0.0190)和(1.1287±0.0369)mm,其与龄期数呈线性关系。通过实验室饲养观察菱角水螟幼虫蜕皮次数验证该虫幼虫期分为5个龄期。【结论】头壳宽为判定菱角水螟幼虫龄期的最佳指标,复眼距次之。     

Larvae of Nymphulinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) associated with Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in North Queensland

Abstract  Australian Nymphulinae are a diverse group of moths with aquatic caterpillars that probably play an important role in determining the composition and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in Australian freshwater systems. Less than 10% of the nymphuline larvae in Australia have been described. As part of a project to develop biological control agents for hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata , we encountered a variety of Nymphulinae larvae feeding on this and other aquatic plants. We illustrate, describe and provide a key to five species of Nymphulinae larvae ( Ambia ptolycusalis (Walker), Parapoynx diminutalis Snellen, Hygraula nitens Butler, Margarosticha repititalis (Warren) and Theila siennata (Warren)) that feed on hydrilla in North Queensland. Information on their host plants also is included. Our field research indicates that none of these species should be considered as potential biological control agents for hydrilla.     

Leaf mechanics and herbivory defence: How tough tissue along the leaf body deters growing insect herbivores

Research on herbivory defence often focuses on leaf chemistry but less on how plant mechanical properties like leaf veins deter herbivores. Herbivores often eat tough, complex plant tissue, yet how mechanical properties affect feeding performance as the consumer grows is unclear. We measured the toughness and strength of five types of leaf tissue – the midrib, the secondary and marginal veins and the lamina inside (inner) and outside (outer) the marginal vein – in mature Eucalyptus viminalis and Eucalyptus ovata leaves with punch tests. Leaf veins were, on average, 6.2 times tougher than lamina. Marginal veins were uniformly strong and tough along the leaf body, while midribs were less strong and secondary veins less tough toward leaf tips. We correlated the force required to puncture leaf tissue with the feeding performance of a chewing insect herbivore (the spiny leaf insect, Extatosoma tiaratum (Phasmida)) across four instar stages to explore the role of tough leaf veins as potential feeding barriers. Larvae more often ate less tough leaf tips and tougher tissue as they grew. However, younger larvae were capable of penetrating the tough marginal vein when starved. We suggest tough leaf veins and consumer position along the leaf body influence insect herbivore feeding performance over their lifetime.     

The complete mitogenome of Parapoynx crisonalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), with phylogenetic relationships amongst three acentropine larval forms

The larvae of Parapoynx crisonalis (Walker, 1859) is an important pest in China, causing significant damage on the aquatic crops. To improve the management of P. crisonalis and demonstrate the phylogenetic relationships amongst Pyraloidea, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences of four aquatic pyralid moths, which belong to three acentropine larval forms – Parapoynx-type, Nymphula-type and Potamomusa-type, and twenty-three terricolous pyralids were compared. The complete mitogenome P. crisonalis, a typical parapoynx larval species, was 15,374 base pairs in length and included 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the aquatic acentropine moths formed a monophyletic clade with strong phylogenetic support via maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods with a bootstrap value of 100% and a posterior probability of 1.00. The Potamomusa-type was more closely related to the Nymphula-type than to the Parapoynx-type.     

Hydroprene prolongs developmental time and increases mortality in wandering-phase Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Wandering phase Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), larvae were exposed to the label rate of hydroprene (1.9 x 10(-3) mg [AI] /cm2) sprayed on concreted petri dishes. Larvae were exposed for 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h and maintained at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 degrees C and 57% RH until adult emergence. Larval developmental time and mortality were significantly influenced by temperature and exposure intervals. Maximum developmental time (47.2 +/- 1.3 d) occurred at 16 degrees C, and the minimum developmental time (7.0 +/- 0.5 d) occurred at 32 degrees C. Larval mortality generally increased at all of the five tested temperatures as exposure period increased. The greatest mortality (82.0 +/- 0.1%) occurred when larvae were exposed for 30 h at 28 degrees C, and minimum mortality (0.0 +/- 0.5%) occurred at 16 degrees C when larvae were exposed for 1 h. The relationships between temperature, exposure period, and developmental time were described by polynomial models, based on lack-of-fit tests. Hydroprene has potential to be an effective alternative to conventional insecticides in surface treatments for Indianmeal moth management. Response-surface models derived from this study can be used in simulation models to estimate the potential consequences of hydroprene on Indianmeal moth population dynamics.     

Comparing the effects of the exotic cactus-feeding moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the native cactus-feeding moth, Melitara prodenialis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on two species of Florida Opuntia

This study examined the effects of the native cactus moth borer, Melitara prodenialis, and the invasive cactus moth borer, Cactoblastis cactorum, on two common cactus species, Opuntia stricta and O. humifusa at coastal and inland locations in central Florida. Opuntia stricta were present only at coastal sites and O. humifusa were present at coastal and inland sites. Throughout the duration of the study, coastal plants were subject to damage solely by C. cactorum and inland plants solely by M. prodenialis. Results showed marginally significantly higher numbers of eggsticks on O. stricta than O. humifusa and significantly higher numbers at coastal sites than at inland sites. There was also significantly higher moth damage on O. stricta than O. humifusa and at coastal sites than inland sites, but not significantly so. However, there was a higher level of plant mortality for O. humifusa than for O. stricta and a significantly higher level of cactus mortality at inland sites when compared to coastal sites. This increased mortality may be due to increased attack by true bugs, Chelinidea vittiger, and by Dactylopius sp., combined with attack by M. prodenialis. Inland plants also tended to be smaller than coastal plants and could be more susceptible to the combined effects of all insects. Further long-term research on coastal cactus survival when attacked and unattacked by Cactoblastis is necessary to fully determine the effects of this moth on Opuntia survival.     

Life history attributes of Indian meal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Angoumois grain moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) reared on transgenic corn kernels

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), are two globally distributed stored-grain pests. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact that corn (Zea mays L.) kernels (i.e., grain) of some Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) corn hybrids containing CrylAb Bt delta-endotoxin have on life history attributes of Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth. Stored grain is at risk to damage from Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth; therefore, Bt corn may provide a means of protecting this commodity from damage. Thus, the objective of this research was to quantify the effects of transgenic corn seed containing CrylAb delta-endotoxin on Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth survival, fecundity, and duration of development. Experiments with Bt grain, non-Bt isolines, and non-Bt grain were conducted in environmental chambers at 27 +/- 1 degrees C and > or = 60% RH in continuous dark. Fifty eggs were placed in ventilated pint jars containing 170 g of cracked or whole corn for the Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth, respectively. Emergence and fecundity were observed for 5 wk. Emergence and fecundity of Indian meal moth and emergence of Angoumois grain moth were significantly lower for individuals reared on P33V08 and N6800Bt, MON 810 and Bt-11 transformed hybrids, respectively, than on their non-Bt transformed isolines. Longer developmental times were observed for Indian meal moth reared on P33V08 and N6800Bt than their non-Bt-transformed isolines. These results indicate that MON 810 and Bt-11 CrylAb delta-endotoxin-containing kernels reduce laboratory populations of Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth. Thus, storing Bt-transformed grain is a management tactic that warrants bin scale testing and may effectively reduce Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth populations in grain without application of synthetic chemicals or pesticides.     

Impact of modified atmospheres on respiration of last instar larvae of the rice moth,Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

Effect of modified atmospheres (MAs) containing CO₂ at 20, 40, 60 and 80% or containing N₂ at 97 and 98% on the mortality of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sixth instar larvae was studied to determine the LT values at 30?°C. The respiration rates of untreated and treated larvae with 60% CO₂ and/or 98% N₂ at LT₅₀ were measured using Q-Box RP1LP low range respirometry package. Total protein and triglycerides of treated and untreated larvae were assayed. Complete larval mortality was recorded after 72 and 144?h of treatment with 60% CO₂ and 98% N₂, respectively. Calculated LT₅₀ values were 39.3 at 60% CO₂ and 87.5?h at 98% N₂ MAs. Respiration quotient (RQ) in the light of consumed O₂ and produced CO₂ of untreated larvae was 1.0 while it was 0.85 at 60% CO₂ and 0.72 at 98% N₂. Duration time necessary for produced CO₂ curve to reach the maximum point (2000?ppm) was significantly shorter at untreated larvae (27.64?min) in comparison with that recorded at CO₂ (35.48?min) which also significantly less than that obtained at N₂ (98.54?min). At all treatments, total protein was decreased while triglycerides were increased in comparison with control.     

Survival of indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at low temperatures

Concerns over insect resistance, regulatory action, and the needs of organic processors have generated renewed interest in developing nonchemical alternative postharvest treatments to fumigants used on dried fruits and nuts. Low-temperature storage has been identified as one alternative for the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner), and navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), common postharvest pests in California dried fruits and nuts. The response of eggs, nondiapausing larvae, and pupae of both species to exposure to low temperatures (0, 5, and 10 degrees C) was evaluated. Eggs of both species were the least tolerant of low temperatures. At 0 and 5 degrees C, pupae were most tolerant, but at 10 degrees C, nondiapausing larvae of both species were most tolerant, with lethal time (LT)95 values of 127 and 100 d for Indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm, respectively. The response of diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae to subfreezing temperatures also was evaluated. Diapausing larvae were very cold tolerant at -10 degrees C, with LT95 values of 20 and 17 d for long-term laboratory and recently isolated cultures, respectively. Diapausing larvae were far less tolerant at lower temperatures. At -15 degrees C, LT95 values for both cultures were <23 h, and at -20 degrees C, LT95 values were <7 h. Refrigeration temperatures of 0-5 degrees C should be useful in disinfesting product contaminated with nondiapausing insects, with storage times of 3 wk needed for adequate control. Relatively brief storage in commercial freezers, provided that the temperature throughout the product was below -15 degrees C for at least 48 h, also shows potential as a disinfestation treatment, and it is necessary when diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae are present.     

Evaluation of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid as seed treatments to control European corn borer and Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Efficacy of thiamethoxam (Cruiser) and imidacloprid (Gaucho) were evaluated as seed treatments for controlling European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) larvae in stored grain. At approximately 22-26 degrees C, all fifth instar European corn borers died after two or 4 d of exposure to corn treated with 250 and 500 ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while mortality of larvae exposed for two and 4 d on corn treated with 6.3-937.5 ppm imidacloprid did not exceed 48% at any concentration. At 29 degrees C, all nondiapausing fifth instars were killed after 3, 4, and 6-d exposure to 400, 300 and 200-ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while survival increased at successively lower concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 ppm. At 29 degrees C, the LC50 decreased from 85.9 to 7.2 ppm as the duration of exposure on treated corn increased from 2 to 6 d. All second and third instar Indianmeal moth larvae died after a 5 d exposure period to corn grain treated with thiamethoxam at 50 ppm or higher, but as the larvae aged, higher concentrations and longer exposure periods were required to give 100% mortality of each larval instar. Similar results were obtained when larval Indianmeal moths were exposed on corn treated with imidacloprid, or on sorghum treated with thiamethoxam. Mature wandering phase fifth instars were the most tolerant larval stage of the Indianmeal moth.     

Predation of codling moth Cydia pomonella L. by the Silvereye Zosterops lateralis (Latham)

Predation of cocooned larvae of codling moth Cydia pomonella by silvereyes Zosterops lateralis was studied in an apple orchard in Nelson, New Zealand. Apple logs with known larval densities were made available to the birds for known periods of time, either in cages or exposed in the apple orchard. The numbers of silvereyes and the natural predation of codling moth were recorded in the same orchard. Predation was density dependent. On caged logs with an initial high density of 32 larvae, 1.1 larvae were consumed per bird‐hour; in contrast, one larva was consumed per 34.5 bird‐hours at three larvae per log. A curvilinear relationship was demonstrated between larval density and the bird‐hours required for predation; this relationship was consistent with the known density dependence of silvereye predation of codling moth. A regression of the total annual winter bird predation of larvae in the orchard on bird numbers was significant. However, the density dependence of predation resulted in declining rates of predation over the winter as larval density declined; the first birds to arrive in the orchard benefitted from particularly high predation rates. As a consequence, fluctuations in bird numbers during the winter had only a secondary influence on predation rates. The numbers of silvereyes in the orchard showed no relationship to the density of the codling moth population present. This study confirmed the importance of silvereyes in the predation of codling moth and a functional, not numerical, rseponse of these birds to codling moth density.     

Microsporidiosis in the wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) caused by Vairimorpha ephestiae (Microsporidia: Burenellidae)

An experimental microsporidiosis of the wax moth caterpillars from laboratory population had been caused by oral infecting of early stages larvae and by intracavity injections of the spores of the microsporidian species Vairimorpha ephestiae. Peculiarities of microsporidiosis proceeding, manifestations of host defence reactions, and also an effect of the temperature of caterpillars cultivation and conditions of spores keeping on liability of the insects to the infection were studied. The effect of the microsporidia on the host organism was the early death or the delay of larvae development, but in several cases external manifestations of the effect of the parasite on the host were absent. The development of the parasites from the moment of infecting to the appearing of the mature spores congestions in the host organism proceeded 6 days. Microsporidia invaded insect fat body and caused its hypertrophy and disappearance of lipid granules. In the intestine and salivary glands microsporidia were not observed in the period from 6 to 16 day of the development. On the final stage of microsporidiosis the all contents of fatty tissue cells were replaced by spores of microsporidia. Under microscope only diplocaryotic spores of the Nozema type had been found in infected and died specimens, but not octospores. The spores threw out polar tubes under the change of pH in incubating solution from neutral to alkaline. The effects of microsporidiosis on the wax moth haemolymph were the increased rate of prohaemocytes, appearing of multinuclear free-circulating cells at 6 day after infection, and suppression of the reaction of haemolymph melanization with the mass sporogenesis of the parasite. The characteristic symptom of the wax moth microsporidiosis had been revealed, accumulation of black points and small spots of irregular form under cuticle ("reaction of attretization"). Increase of the temperature of insect cultivation up to 32 degrees C during 3 days after infection contributed to the full deliverance of the insects from the infection in first and second generations. It can be considered as a method of treatment of wax moth laboratory colonies from microsporidiosis. Oral infection of III and IV stage caterpillars by the spores being kept during 3-6 months under 4 degrees C in form of water suspension caused the death of 63.0-61.5 and 91% of caterpillars being cultivated under 25 and 21 degrees C respectively. Under the temperature of cultivation equal 30 degrees C the mortality did not differ from the control sample (8-10%). The spores extracted from dried bodies of caterpillars lost their vitality. It was demonstrated by the test on infectious ability in vivo and by acridine orange staining. This host-parasite system appears to be perspective in investigations of resistance mechanisms in insects and immunosuppressive features of entomopathogen microsporidia.     

Hydroprene prolongs developmental time and increases mortality of Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs

Eggs of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), were exposed to the labeled rate of hydroprene (1.9 x 10(-3) mg [AI]/cm2) sprayed on concreted petri dishes. These eggs were exposed for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h and until hatching (continuous exposure) at temperatures of 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 degrees C and 57% RH until the emergence of first instars. The developmental time and egg mortality were significantly influenced by temperature and exposure periods. At 16 degrees C, hydroprene did not cause differences in developmental time when eggs were exposed for different periods. At temperatures >16 degrees C, both exposure period and temperature influenced developmental time. The maximum developmental time (15.0 +/- 0.2 d) occurred at 16 degrees C, and the minimum developmental time (3.2 +/- 0.3 d) occurred at 32 degrees C. Mortality increased when eggs were exposed to hydroprene for longer periods at all of the five tested temperatures. The greatest mortality (81.6 +/- 2.1%) occurred when eggs were continuously exposed on treated surfaces at 32 degrees C. We used developmental time instead of rate (1/ developmental time) to fit simple linear or polynomial regression models to the development data. Appropriate models for developmental time and mortality were chosen based upon lack-of-fit tests. The regression models can be used in predictive simulation models for the population dynamics of Indianmeal moth to aid in optimizing use of hydroprene for insect management.     

Purification and characterization of hemolymph prophenoloxidase from Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Prophenoloxidase (PPO) was isolated from the hemolymph of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae and purified to homogeneity. A 369.85-fold purification and 35.34% recovery of activity were achieved by employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibits a band with a molecular mass of 158 kDa on native PAGE and two spots with a molecular mass of 80 kDa and a pI of 5.70, and a molecular mass of 78 kDa and a pI of 6.50, respectively, on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of two subunits are as follows: PPO1, FGEEPGVQTTELKPLANPPQFRRASQLPRD; PPO2, FGDDAGERIPLQNLSQVPQFRVPSQLPTD. The amino acid composition of purified PPO was similar to that from Galleria mellonella. The enzyme kinetic property of the purified protein showed that the affinity of the enzyme for dopamine was higher than that for l-DOPA and N-acetyldopamine. The phenoloxidase (PO) reaction was strongly inhibited by phenylthiourea, thiourea, dithiothreitol and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), but poorly inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid (THAA), and was not inhibited by o-phenanthroline and ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethylether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Both Mg(2+) and Cu(2+) stimulated PO activity when compared with controls. The beta-sheet content of PPO treated with Mg(2+) and Cu(2+) increased significantly (P<0.05). The purified PPO has magnesium level of 5.674+/-2.294 microg/mg and copper level of 1.257+/-0.921 microg/mg as determined with ICP-MS, suggesting that the purified PPO is a metalloprotein.     

Influence of host plant stages on carob moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) development and fitness

Different generations of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller), use different date, Phoenix dactylifera L., fruit stages as they become available during the summer months in southern California. These are the kimri, khalal, and tamar fruit stages. This study was conducted to determine whether carob moth development and fitness were affected by these different fruit stages. Developmental time from neonate larvae to adult, when reared at 31.9 degrees C and 82.1% RH, ranged from 30.5 to 32.3 d for females and 27.1 to 29.5 d for males on the different field-collected fruit stages. Males and females had the highest emergent weight when reared as larvae on kimri fruit and the lowest on tamar fruit. Females laid the most eggs when reared on kimri fruit and the least when reared on tamar fruit. Estimates of population doubling times ranged from 5.4 d on artificial diet (included as a control) to 7.5 d on tamar fruit. This short doubling time shows the ability of carob moth to develop rapidly under optimal conditions. Degree-day (DD) estimates for carob moth development ranged from 636 DD on kimri fruit to 658 DD on tamar fruit, which translate to 32-50 d under field temperatures in the area where dates are grown. Potential implications for field management of E. ceratoniae include improved timing of insecticide treatments to limit population growth early in the season rather than the conventional late season approach.     

Ecology of aquatic Lepidoptera (Crambidae: Nymphulinae) in South Carolina, USA

An ecological study was conducted in May and June of 1995 and 1996 in South Carolina to determine the factors associated with distributions of aquatic Lepidoptera (Crambidae: Nymphulinae). Larvae were found at 65 lotic and lentic sites in three ecoregions (Piedmont, Sandhills, Coastal Plain). Nine species of aquatic Lepidoptera were collected from 12 species of aquatic vascular macrophytes. One to six plant species were used as hosts, depending on the species of lepidopteran; however, the number of host plants used by a lepidopteran was significantly correlated with the lepidopteran's frequency of occurrence. Significant habitat associations were found for five species. Langessa nomophilalis (Dyar) was found under the widest range of temperature and width and occurred in both lotic and lentic habitats. Munroessa icciusalis (Walker) was found in lotic and lentic habitats and had the widest range of recorded depths. Parapoynx maculalis (Clemens) occurred at stream sites with lentic-like conditions. Parapoynx obscuralis (Grote) occupied the widest range of pH and was restricted to lotic habitats, and P. seminealis (Walker) was found in both lotic and lentic habitats. Additional species, collected at fewer than 8% of sites, included M. gyralis, P. allionealis, Synclita obliteralis, and S. tinealis. Overall, the distributions of aquatic Lepidoptera in South Carolina were nonrandom and predictable on the basis of habitat characteristics. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.