A newLeptographium species associated withTomicus piniperda in south-western China

Tomicus species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are serious pests of pines with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia and America. In Yunnan, south-western China,T. piniperda has destroyed more than 0.5 million ha ofPinus yunnanensis in the past 15 years. A blue stain fungus belonging to the genusLeptographium is associated with both the shoot-feeding and trunk-attacking stages of the beetle's life cycle. The fungus is morphologically similar to the anamorph ofOphiostoma crassivaginatum and toL. pyrinum, which are both characterised by short robust conidiophores and hyphae covered by a granular layer. Both these species have been isolated from conifers and are associated with insects. After comparing the fungus fromT. piniperda with similarLeptographium species, using light and scanning electron microscopy, we concluded that it represents a new taxon, which is described here asL. yunnanense sp. nov.     

New species and records of saprophytic ascomycetes (Myxotrichaceae) from decaying logs in the boreal forest

Decayed wood from fallen white spruce (Picea glauca) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) collected in northeastern Alberta, Canada, was the source of new isolates of species in the ascomycete generaGymnostellatospora andPseudogymnoascus. In addition to new reports ofG. japonica, G. frigida andP. roseus, two new species are described.Gymnostellatospora canadensis sp. nov. resemblesG. japonica but differs in producing brown ascomata and in the formation of an arthroconidial anamorph.Gymnostellatospora subnuda sp. nov. is distinct in lacking differentiated peridial hyphae.Gymnostellatospora alpina was not found in decayed wood but is reviewed based on extralimital material. A dichtomous key to the five species ofGymnostellatospora is provided.     

Studies on the ultrastructure and taxonomy of the genusTetraselmis (Prasinophyceae)

Comparative ultrastructural investigations on many isolates ofTetraselmis from Japan and the Pacific coast of North America, and on cultures from the Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa, Cambridge, England, have revealed that the species have characteristic fine structural features of the pyrenoid. Using the pyrenoid structure as a basic character it is proposed that the genus be subdivided into four subgenera,Tetraselmis, Prasinocladia, Tetrathele andParviselmis. In the present paper, species of the subgenusTetraselmis, includingT. cordiformis, T. ascus, T. convolutae andT. astigmatica sp. nov., are described in detail.     

Two new species ofMarasmiellus from eastern Honshu, Japan

Two new species ofMarasmiellus are described from eastern Honshu, Japan:Marasmiellus atrostipitatus sp. nov. (sectionRameales subsectionOpacini) is characterized by a white pileus and a blackish stipe covered with white pruinose to flocculos scales.Marasmiellus brunneocarpus sp. nov. (sectionTricolores) has small brownish basidiomata. Both species occur on dead leaves and twigs inQuercus-Eurya forests.     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

Comparative capitular morphology and anatomy of Coreopsis L. and bidens L. (compositae), including a review of generic boundaries

The capitular and floral morphology and anatomy ofBidens L. andCoreopsis L. were studied. All the North American species ofCoreopsis were studied. Selected species ofBidens from North and South America andCoreopsis from South America were included. The results were compared with previous observations on African species ofBidens (incl.Coreopsis). Emphasis was given to character states of the ray florets, paleae, stylearm apices, outer phyllaries, achenes, and pollen grains. Some of the character states are unique features ofCoreopsis, e.g., globular and elongately conical receptacles, deltoid outer phyllaries, truncate and indistinctly 3–5-dentate, 3–4-lobed ray florets, narrowly spathulate paleae, subulate paleae with linear-filiform upper half, hairy and apically 3-cleft paleae, truncate, convex or shallowly conical stylearm apices with the sweeping hairs limited to the area above the stigmatic surfaces and the orbicular to circular achenes. The cylindric setaceous pappus bristles so commonly encountered inBidens are unknown inCoreopsis. The pappus bristles inCoreopsis are paleaceous but similar, though thicker ones are also found in African species ofBidens (incl.Coreopsis) with winged achenes. Twin-celled hairs (setulae) with differing degrees of wall thickness are found on the achenes ofCoreopsis sect.Pseudoagarista (Mexico and South America),Coreopsis sect.Pugiopappus (California), AfricanBidens with winged achenes (e.g.,B. prestinaria, B. macroptera) and some North AmericanBidens (e.g.,B. aristosa). Similar sclerotic parenchyma make up the achenial wings of species in both genera. These may be interpreted as homologous structures, indicating the underlying similarity of these taxa and their derivation from a common ancestral stock.     

Novel hosts of the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis and a new Chrysoporthe species from Colombia

The pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis (formerly Cryphonectria cubensis) is best known for the important canker disease that it causes on Eucalyptus species. This fungus is also a pathogen of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), which is native to Indonesia, and like Eucalyptus, is a member of Myrtaceae. Furthermore, C. cubensis has been found on Miconia spp. native to South America and residing in Melastomataceae. Recent surveys have yielded C. cubensis isolates from new hosts, characterized in this study based on DNA sequences for the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions. These hosts include native Clidemia sericea and Rhynchanthera mexicana (Melastomataceae) in Mexico, and non-native Lagerstroemia indica (Pride of India, Lythraceae) in Cuba. Isolates from these hosts and areas group in the sub-clade of C. cubensis accommodating the South American collections of the fungus. This sub-clade also includes isolates recently collected from Eucalyptus in Cuba, which are used to epitypify C. cubensis. New host records from Southeast Asia include exotic Tibouchina urvilleana from Singapore and Thailand and native Melastoma malabathricum (Melastomataceae) in Sumatra, Indonesia. Consistent with their areas of occurrence isolates from the latter collections group in the Asian sub-clade of C. cubensis. DNA sequence comparisons of isolates from Tibouchina lepidota in Colombia revealed that they represent a new sub-clade within the greater Chrysoporthe clade. Isolates in this clade are described as Chrysoporthe inopina sp. nov., based on distinctive morphological differences.     

Three new hyphomycetes onPandanus leaves from mauritius

Three new hyphomycetes colonizing dead leaves ofPandanus spp. in Mauritius are described, illustrated, and compared with related species. They areFuscophialis suttonii sp. nov.,Paraceratocladium triseptatum sp. nov., andSporidesmium paradecorosum sp. nov.     

Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov., andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov. from petioles ofNypa fruticans, and a list of fungi from aerial parts of this host

Two new ascomycetes,Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov. andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov., are described from petioles ofNypa fruticans in Malaysia.Linocarpon angustatum differs from species in the genus in having needle-shaped ascospores.Neolinocarpon nypicola differs from species in the genus in having filiform ascospores which gradually taper towards the ends, and ascomata developing within well developed stromata. These new species are compared with existing species and illustrated with interference light micrographs. The fungi known from aerial parts ofNypa fruticans are listed.     

Review of the genusLimnichthys (Perciformes: Creediidae) from Japan, with description of a new species

A taxonomic review of Japanese species of the creediid genusLimnichthys recognised the following:L. fasciatus, L. nitidus (a senior synonym ofL. donaldsoni) andL. orientalis sp. nov.L. fasciatus has an antitropical distribution.L. orientalis sp. nov. differs from its most similar congener,L. nitidus, in having fewer scales above and below the lateral line (2 vs. 3) and the fifth pelvic fin ray shorter or absent, and in the shape of cirri on the lower jaw.     

A new species ofLentinula (Agaricales) from Central America

Lentinula aciculospora sp. nov. is described from a single Province in Costa Rica. Stature and habit of basidiomata of this species are similar to some otherLentinula taxa (i.e.L. edodes), but the elongate-cylindrical shape of basidiospores is a distinctive character ofL. aciculospora. The mating system ofL. aciculospora is tetrapolar as also found in other species of the genus, but this species is genetically isolated fromL. boryana, and all morphological variants ofL. edodes.     

Three new species ofCrinipellis found in Iriomote Island, southwestern Japan, and central Honshu, Japan

Three new species ofCrinipellis (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) in Japan are described and illustrated:Crinipellis canescens sp. nov., forming small, canescent basidiomata, was found on a dead fallen twig in the subtropical laurelleaved forest of Iriomote Island (southwestern Japan);Crinipellis corvina sp. nov., forming fibrillose-strigose, puriplish black hairs enveloping the whole basidioma, was found on bark ofTorreya nucifera in Mt. Takao, Tokyo;Crinipellis nigricaulis sp. nov., having a reddish brown pileus with a minute, black papilla and a blackish stipe accompanied by blackish, branched rhizomorphs, was found on leaf litter in the lowland forest of Kanagawa.     

Notes on new Agaricales of Japan 1

Three new species of Agaricales are described and illustrated from eastern Honshu, Japan:Collybia effusa sp. nov. (sectionLevipedes), forming a distinctly sulcate-striate pileus and distant lamellae, was found on dead twigs ofCryptomeria japonica andCallicarpa japonica; Collybia macrosperma sp. nov., forming cylindrical-fusoid, relatively large-sized basidiospores and whitish basidiomata densely covered with fine, soft hairs, was found on dead fallen twigs in aCarpinus andQuercus forest:Marasmiellus, gregarius sp. nov (subsectionRamealini of sectionRameales), forming small, pale colored pilei and diverticulate cheilocystidia, was found on dead twigs ofHydrangea involucrata andTrachelospermum asiaticum.     

Entyloma cosmi sp. nov. on Cosmos bipinnatus (Compositae)

Entyloma species causing white smut disease of Cosmos species have been studied. Two species can be recognized, Entyloma holwayi on C. caudatus and C. sulphureus from North America, and E. cosmi sp. nov. on C. bipinnatus from Japan and Europe.     

中国滑菌蚊属四新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）

记述中国滑菌蚊属4新种:浅黄滑菌蚊Leia bubaline sp.nov.,密毛滑菌蚊Leia densisetosa sp.nov.,黑龙江滑菌蚊Leia heilongjiangensis sp.nov.,和粗角滑菌蚊Leia robusticornis sp.nov.。编制了该属中国种类检索表。模式标本保存于浙江农林大学昆虫标本室。     

Two new species ofMycena from eastern Honshu, Japan

Two new species ofMycena are described and illustrated from eastern Honshu, Japan:Mycena brevicapillata sp. nov. (sectionHiemales), forming tall and slender basidiomata covered overall with long, fusiform or sublageniform dermatocysts, was found on a dead branch ofHydrangea involucrata; Mycena chrysanthemiformis sp. nov. (sectionFragilipedes), forming small, white basidiomata with a campanulate, shallowly sulcate-striate, occasionally subumbonate pileus and adnate-decurrent lamellae, was found on living bark or a dead fallen twig ofAphananthe aspera, Cryptomeria japonica, andZelkova serrata.     

Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography ofLupinus (Leguminosae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of therbcL gene and ITS 1 + 2 regions of rDNA

Total DNA was extracted from 55 species of theLeguminosae (including 29 species ofLupinus). The chloroplast generbcL and the ITS 1 + 2 regions of nuclear RNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced directly. The sequences obtained were evaluated with character state (Maximum Parsimony) and distance methods (Neighbour Joining). Phylogenetic trees obtained with both data sets and methods are mostly congruent.Genisteae andCrotalarieae are sister groups and share ancestry with theThermopsideae/Podalyrieae. The genusLupinus, which forms a monophyletic clade within theGenisteae, shows a distinct Old-New World disjunction and appears to be divided into several more or less distinct groups: (1) The species from the eastern part of South America. (2) The homogeneous rough-seeded group (Scabrispermae) of the Old World species which is well distinguished from the smooth-seeded group (Malacospermae). (3) Within the rather heterogeneous smooth-seeded lupins a smaller subgroup withL. angustifolius, L. hispanicus andL. luteus is recognized. (4) Also separated are North American lupins and South American species with a western distribution. Genetic distances imply that the genusLupinus evolved during the last 12–14 million years, ruling out the hypothesis that the present Old-New World disjunction can be interpreted as a result of the continental drift. The genetic data suggest an origin in the Old World and an independant colonisation of the Eastern parts of South America as opposed to North America and the Western parts of South America.     

Three new species ofMarasmius sectionSicci from eastern Honshu, Japan

Three new species belonging toMarasmius sectionSicci (Agaricales) are described and illustrated from eastern Honshu, Japan:Marasmius nocturnus sp. nov., forming a dark brown pileus and marginate lamellae, was found on leaf litter inPasania—Quercus forests;Marasmius occultatus sp. nov., producing brownish orange or light brown basidiomata and long, cylindrical-fusoid basidiospores, was found on dead fallen twigs ofAphananthe aspera andQuercus myrsinaefolia;Marasmius opulentus sp. nov., having a reddish orange pileus and a pubescent stipe, was found on leaf litter in laurel-leaved forest.     

Cronartium orientale, sp. nov., segregation of the pine gall rust in eastern Asia fromCronartium quercuum

The Asian pine gall rust, which has hitherto been assigned toCronartium quercuum distributed in North America, is described asC. orientale, sp. nov. The spermogonial and aecial states occur on hard pines, and the uredinial and telial states occur on various oaks.Cronartium orientale has globose, almost hyaline basidiospores in contrast to the ellipsoid, yellow-orange ones of North AmericanC. quercuum s.l. Characteristics of the new rust species in morphology, DNA analysis, and host alternation are discussed.     

Notes on new Agaricales of Japan 2

Three new species of Agaricales are described and illustrated from eastern Honshu, Japan:Boletus rhodocarpus sp. nov. (sectionLuridi), forming large, deep red basidiomata with a pileus covered with small, blackish brown scales, was found on ground in a highland forest dominated byTsuga diversifolia andAbies veitchii; Phaeomarasmius laccarioides sp. nov. (subgenusCarpophilus), forming a squamulose-fibrillose, reddish brown pileus in which the pileipellis consists of chains of thick-walled sphaerocysts with heavily incrusting, brown pigment, was found on a fallen fruit ofLiquidambar styraciflua; Pluteus phaeocephalus sp. nov. (subsectionHispidodermini of sectionCelluloderma), forming a dark brown, velvety pileus and a white stipe densely covered with dark brown punctate scales, was found on dead fallen twigs ofQuercus serrata.