Genetic engineering of Streptococcus gordonii for the simultaneous display of two heterologous proteins at the bacterial surface

A new species Pythium canariense (CI-07), isolated from soil samples taken in the San Nicolas region of the Canary islands (Gran Canaria, Spain), is being described here. This species is characterised by its spherical to pyriform, intercalary to catenulate sporangia, smooth-walled terminal oogonia supplied with monoclinous and diclinous antheridia which at times are branched and wrap around the female gametangia. The fungus has an antagonistic effect on Botrytis cinerea, the grey mould fungus. Morphological features are being given here together with the sequence of the complete internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of the fungus, its comparison with related species, and some aspects of its antagonistic behaviour with B. cinerea.     

Pythium ornacarpum: a new species with ornamented oogonia isolated from soil in France

Pythium ornacarpum sp. nov. was isolated from a soil sample taken from Genlis in the Burgundy region of France. This species is unique because of its ornamented oogonia which are completely surrounded by antheridial filaments. The fungus is closely related to Pythium echinulatum Matthews. Morphological and reproductive aspects of this species as well as a study by PCR of the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the nuclear ribosomal gene and its comparison with related species are described here. The nucleotide sequence of the ITS1 region flaking the 5.8S rRNA of this species and other related species are also given here.     

Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis--a new species associated with pome fruits from Washington State

A new species of Phacidiopycnis associated with pome fruits is described. The fungus causes fruit rot on apples during storage and is associated with a twig dieback and canker disease of crabapple trees and dead twigs of pear trees. To characterize the biology of the fungus and compare it with Ph. piri, the type species of the genus, effects of nine media and light on mycelial growth and pycnidial production, mycelial growth in response to temperature and mode of conidial germination in response to nutrient were determined. Apple-juice agar, pear-juice agar, prune-juice agar, potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and malt-extract agar, Czapek-Dox agar and oatmeal agar (OMA) favored mycelial growth. Cornmeal agar (CMA) did not favor mycelial growth. Light effect on pycnidial formation was medium dependent. Abundant pycnidia with mature conidia formed in 14 d old PDA and OMA cultures at 20 C, regardless of light, whereas none or very few pycnidia formed on other media in the dark. Fluorescent light stimulated formation of pycnidia except on CMA. The fungus grew at -3-25 C, with optimum growth at 15-20 C. Conidia germinated either by forming germ tubes or less often by budding. Budding of conidia occurred in 1 and 10% pear-juice solutions but not in 100% pear-juice solution. Six isolates of Ph. washingtonensis from different species of pome fruits had identical ITS sequences. The sizes of the ITS region were the same for both Ph. washingtonensis and Ph. piri, and four polymorphic nucleotide sites were found in the ITS region between Ph. washingtonensis and Ph. piri. The similarity in ITS sequences between these two taxa is confirmatory evidence for the erection of the new species of Phacidiopycnis associated with pome fruits we describe here.     

Pythium contiguanum nomen novum (syn. Pythium dreschleri Paul), its antagonism to Botrytis cinerea, ITS1 region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA, and its comparison with related species

Pythium drechsleri Paul was described as a new species from soil samples taken in a salt-marsh of Arzew, Algeria [Paul, B. (1988) Une nouvelle espèce de Pythium isolée d'une saline de l'ouest Algérien. Cryptogam. Mycol. 9, 325-333]. The name of the fungus, P. drechsleri, is a nomen invalidum, as it is a later homonym of P. drechsleri Rajgopalan and Ramakrishnan [Rajagopalan, S. and Ramakrishnan, K. (1971) Phycomycetes in agricultural soils with special reference to the Pythiaceae. Madras Univ. J. Sect. B 37,38, 100-117]. A new name, Pythium contiguanum is now being given to P. drechsleri Paul. This species is characterised by its contiguous inflated type of sporangia, smooth-walled oogonia and mostly monoclinous antheridia. Although the fungus is not known to be a pathogen, it has a very well developed appressorial system comprised of both sickle shaped and coiled appressoria. Morphological features, its antagonism towards the grape-vine pathogen Botrytis cinerea, together with the sequences of the ITS1 region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA and its comparison with related species are given here.     

Pythium carbonicum,a new species isolated from a spoil heap in northern France,the ITS region,taxonomy and comparison with related species

Pythium carbonicum (F-72) sp. nov. was found in soil samples taken on the top of a spoil heap in northern France. The morphology of this new species resembles that of a recently described species: Pythium megacarpum. However, the antheridial and oogonial characteristics of this new species are unique, and the comparison of its ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA indicates that this species is also related to the genus Phytophthora. The fungus does not sporulate, the sporangia germinate directly into mycelium through germ tubes. The oogonia of P. carbonicum are smooth-walled and also papillated, and are provided with monoclinous and diclinous antheridia that wrap around, forming a complicated knot. Morphological features of this new species, together with the sequences of the ITS region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA and its comparison with related species are discussed here.     

Pseudotripoconidium, a new anamorph genus connected to Orbilia

A new anamorphic fungus is described based on four isolates from ascospores of Orbilia aff. luteorubella. This fungus differs from previously known Orbilia anamorphs in producing inversely pyramidal, unicellular conidia with several protuberances at their distal end. Conidia produce 1-7 prominent denticles that emerge from a node at the conidiophore apex. Conidiogenesis is holoblastic. Because phylogenetic analysis indicated greater than 90% ITS sequence similarities among the four isolates they are treated here as a single species. In the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) these isolates and other sequences identified as O. aff. luteorubella were nested within Orbilia and formed a clade with 99% bootstrap support. This clade is separated from nematode-trapping species of Orbilia. Based on both morphological and molecular analyses, we propose a new genus, Pseudotripoconidium.     

椭孢青霉,分离自广西的一新种

新种椭孢青霉Penicillium ellipsoideosporum sp. nov.分离自中国广西地区的一颗榕树籽。它在标准培养条件下生长局限;其帚状枝非常不规则,分生孢子幼时呈圆柱形,成熟后呈长椭球形、圆柱形或椭球形。     

A new acidophilic fungus Teratosphaeria acidotherma (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) from a hot spring

A novel acidophilic fungus was isolated by an acidic enrichment culture of microbial mats and biofilms collected at an extremely acidic and high temperature hot spring. In culture studies, this fungus was revealed to produce ascomycetous teleomorph structures. Molecular phylogenetic study and morphological observation showed this fungus is a new species of the genus Teratosphaeria (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) and is phylogenetically close to Acidomyces acidophilus and Bispora sp., which were previously reported as acidophilic anamorphic fungi. This new fungus is described here as a new species of Teratosphaeria, and its physiological properties adapting to its habitat are demonstrated. This is the first report of a teleomorphic fungus having highly acidophilic and thermophilic properties.     

ITS region of the rDNA of Pythium longandrum, a new species; its taxonomy and its comparison with related species

Pythium longandrum (F-73.0) was isolated, from soil samples taken in Lille in northern France. Morphologically the fungus resembles closely Pythium rostratum, however its antheridial characters are unique. The oogonia of this species are provided with hypogynous and monoclinous antheridia. The antheridial cells are inflated and are probably the largest and longest for the genus. The internal transcribed spacer region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA indicates that it is entirely different from all other species of Pythium. This new species is characterized by its spherical to elongated sporangia, smooth-walled oogonia and hypogynous to monoclinous antheridia bearing long antheridial cells closely applied to the oogonia. Morphological features of this new species, together with the sequences of the ITS region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA and comparison with related species are discussed here.     

Rhynchostomatoid fungi occurring on Proteaceae

A new ascomycete fungus, with long-necked perithecia having central ostioles and striate ascospores, was isolated from flowerheads of Protea burchellii and P. laurifolia in South Africa and is described here as Rhynchostoma proteae sp. nov. Sequence data obtained from the small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU nrDNA) place this fungus with 100% bootstrap support in a clade containing the type species of Rhynchostoma, R. minutum. A similar fungus with verruculose ascospores also was observed on a member of the Proteaceae from Australia, Lomatia polymorpha, which is described here as Rhynchomeliola lomatiae sp. nov. These two species are illustrated and contrasted with a third species from Proteaceae, Rhynchomeliola australiense, known from Grevillea in Australia.     

Neozygites abacaridis sp. nov. (Entomophthorales), a new pathogen of phytophagous mites (Acari,Eriophyidae)

A new entomopathogenic fungus, described here as Neozygites abacaridis n. sp. (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), has been found on the mites Abacarus hystrix, Aculodes dubius, and A. mckenziei (Acari: Eriophyidae). It differs from other Neozygites species affecting mites by its small, globose primary conidia, short-ovoid, smoky coloured capilliconidia, and very short capillary conidiophores-which are usually not longer than the spore length. This pathogen infected mite individuals in autumn (from mid-August until mid-November) on Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera, and Festuca rubra. It caused 0.5-1% host's mortality in the vicinity of Siedlce (Eastern Poland) and up to 2-8%, on an average in Puszczykowo (Wielkopolski National Park near Poznań), where its prevalence on some plants reached 13%.     

A new fungal pathogen of the scavenger mite,Tydeus gloveri

A new fungal pathogen, Hirsutella tydeicola, was found causing epizootics in populations of the scavenger mite, Tydeus gloveri, during the summer of 1979 and 1980 on citrus in Florida. The fungus is described in association with its host using light and scanning electron microscopy. H. tydeicola is compared with a closely related species, H. thompsonii, a coexisting pathogen of the citrus rust mite. All attempts to isolate the fungus on various agar media failed.     

Kohninia linnaeicola, a new genus and species of the Sclerotiniaceae pathogenic to Linnaea borealis

A new genus and species is described to accommodate a newly discovered fungus pathogenic to Linnaea borealis. The fungus forms true sclerotia on stems and leaves of its host and apothecia arise singly or gregariously on the surface of ripe sclerotia. The new fungus was collected together with a stromatic conidiomal fungus that occurred on the same host. A putative teleomorph-anamorph connection of the observed taxa was ruled out by sequence comparison of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences (ITS rDNA). Based on morphology and pathogenicity, the new fungus belongs in the family Sclerotiniaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycota. A phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences from 26 taxa of the family Sclerotiniaceae was performed to conclude on the systematic position of the new fungus. The small tuberoid sclerotia, brownish subsessile to substipitate apothecia, four-spored asci, ellipsoid to isthmoid ascospores, inability to grow on PDA culture media and a number of ITS rDNA sequence autapomorphies characterize and distinguish the fungus from other taxa of the Sclerotiniaceae.     

Microsphaeropsis rugospora, a new species from Japanese soil

A new species ofMicrosphaeropsis (Sphaeropsidales, Coelomycetes),M. rugospora, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by its rapid growth on common media such as oatmeal and potato-carrot agars; semi-immersed to immersed, nearly globose, papillate pycnidias; pale yellowish brown, translucent, membranaceous peridium; monophialidic, ampulliform conidiogenous cells; and one-celled, dark brown, globose conidia ornamented with distinct tubercles. The holotype was isolated from the cultivated soil in Tanegashima Island, southern Japan.     

A Glomerella species phylogenetically related to Colletotrichum acutatum on Norway maple in Massachusetts

A fungus isolated from Norway maple (Acer platanoides) in the Boston, Massachusetts, area was determined to be a species of Glomerella, the teleomorph of Colletotrin chum acutatum. Pure cultures of the fungus were obtained from discharged ascospores from perithecia in leaf tissue. This fungus was determined to be homothallic based on the observation of perithecial development in cultures of single-spore isolates grown on minimal salts media and with sterile toothpicks. A morphological and molecular analysis was conducted to determine the taxonomic position of this fungus. Parsimony analyses of a combined nucleotide dataset of the ITS and LSU rDNA region, and of the D1-D2 LSU rDNA region, indicated that this species has phylogenetic affinities with Colletotrichum acutatum, C. acutatum f. sp. pineum, C. lupini, C. phormii and G. miyabeana. These results are significant because C. acutatum has not been reported on Acer platanoides. In addition the consistent presence of perithecia on leaf tissue and in culture is unusual for Colletotrichum, suggesting that the teleomorphic state is important in the life cycle of this fungus.     

分离自赤豆的青霉新种

本文报道青霉属一个新种,分离自赤豆,特点是分生孢子无色,命名为无色青霉(Penicillium incoloratum sp.nov.).模式和来自模式的活培养物都保存在中国科学院微生物研究所。