Production and characterization of amphiploids of Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with Secale cereale, and of backcross hybrids of Ae. biuncialis x S. cereale amphiploids with 2x and 4x S. cereale

Amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with self-compatible S. cereale were produced from F1 sterile hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) through colchicine treatment and callus tissue regeneration. The amphiploids resembled the F1 plants in overall morphology, but were larger in all respects and self-fertile. The spikelets consisted mostly of 3 well-developed florets. Selfed seeds were obtained from some colchicine-doubled sectors and callus regenerates. Most of the produced seeds were well developed. Backcrosses between amphiploids and rye (2x and 4x) resulted in obtaining (Ae. biuncialis x S. cereale amphiploid) x S. cereale hybrids via embryo culture. The BC1 plants (2n = 4x = 28 and 2n = 5x = 35, respectively) were phenotypically intermediate between the parents and vigorous in vegetative growth. Some seeds were obtained only from the 35-chromosome BC1 hybrids.     

Interspecific hybridization between Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and V. glabrescens

Summary Interspecific hybrids of the mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (2n=22) and V. glabrescens (2n=44) were generated with the aid of embryo culture. V. glabrescens x V. radiata hybrids were recovered via germination of the immature embryos. Reciprocal hybrids were obtained via shoot formation from embryonic callus. The authenticity of the hybrids was determined by morphological characteristics, chromosome number, and isozyme patterns. The hybrids were highly sterile upon selfing, but backcrossing to the diploid parent yielded viable seeds. Some of the plants resembled the diploid parent morphologically while others resembled neither parent. The backcross plants were sufficiently fertile to give a large number of mature, selfed seeds. Plants obtained differed morphologically and in their isozyme patterns from either parent, indicating introgression. These progeny populations will be used as bridging materials to transfer pest resistance from the wild tetraploid to the cultivated mungbean.     

Hybridization between Triticum aestivum L. and Agropyron michnoi Roshev.

Summary Intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and Agropyron michnoi Roshev. (2n=4x=28, PPPP) were obtained by embryo culture. Their spike characteristics were similar to those of common wheat but, unlike their parents, they were long-awned. The average meiotic chromosome pairing at MI of F₁ hybrids was: 6.39 I +3.75 rodII+8.64 ringII+0.81 III+0.30 IV+0.04 V, the bivalent and multivalent formation of which was much higher than expected from the genomic formulae. It is especially worthwhile to note that the F₁ hybrids were self-fertile, self set being 0.15%, and seeds were easily obtained from the backcross of f₁ plants with hexaploid and tetraploid wheats; here the seed set was more than 20.0%. The polyploid taxa and the position of A. Michnoi in Agropyron are discussed.     

Production and characterization of alien chromosome additions in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) carrying extra chromosome(s) of Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum L.)

First and second backcrosses of amphidiploid hybrids (2n = 4x = 32, genomes AAFF) between shallot (Allium cepa Aggregatum group) and A. fistulosum were conducted to produce A. cepa - A. fistulosum alien addition lines. When shallot (A. cepa Aggregatum group) was used as a pollinator, the amphidiploids and allotriploids set germinable BC(1) and BC(2) seeds, respectively. The 237 BC(1) plants mainly consisted of 170 allotriploids (2n = 3x = 24, AAF) and 42 hypo-allotriploids possessing 23 chromosomes, i.e., single-alien deletions (2n = 3x-1 = 23, AAF-nF). The single-alien deletions in the BC(1) progeny showed dwarfing characteristics and were discriminated from the allotriploids (2n = 24) and hyper-allotriploids (2n = 25) by means of flow cytometric analysis. The chromosome numbers of 46 BC(2) seedlings varied from 16 to 24. Eight monosomic additions (2n = 2x+1 = 17, AA+nF) and 20 single-alien deletions were found in these BC(2) seedlings. Consequently, six kinds of A. cepa - A. fistulosum alien chromosome additions possessing different chromosome numbers (2n = 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23) were recognized in the BC(1) and BC(2) populations. A total of 79 aneuploids, including 62 single-alien deletions, were analyzed by a chromosome 6F-specific isozyme marker (Got-2) in order to recognize its existence in their chromosome complements. This analysis revealed that two out of 62 single-alien deletions did not possess 6F. One (AAF-6F) out of the possible eight single-alien deletions could be identified at first. The present study is a first step toward the development of a useful tool, such as a complete set of eight different single-alien deletions, for the rapid chromosomal assignment of genes and genetic markers in A. fistulosum.     

Elymus与普通小麦属间杂种的细胞遗传学研究

本研究以Elymus pendulinus(Nevski)Tzvelev(2n=4x=28,SSYY)、E.shandongenisis B.Salomon(2n=4x=28,SSYY)与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.:2n=6x=42,AABBDD)进行了属间远缘杂交。通过对杂种胚的离体培养,两个组合均产生了杂种F_1植株。杂种F_1为多年生,植株生长旺盛;形态上介于亲本种之间而兼具双亲的某些特征;穗状花序发育正常,但均完全不育。两个组合的根尖和花粉母细胞染色体数目为2n-5x=35。通过对杂种减数分裂染色体配对行为的分析,发现其MI染色体的配对水平很低,二价体均为棒状,每细胞的平均染色体交叉数在0.25-0.31之间。这表明E.pendulinus t E.shandongensis 所含的SY染色体组与普通小麦的ABD染色体之间的同源程度很低。由于在E.shandongeasis 及其它具有SY染色体组的Elymus 单倍体中,SY染色体组之间的部份同源染色体配对数均明显高于该杂种中的配对数,这表明存在于普通小麦中的ph基因及其它具类似作用的基因系统能抑制SY染色体组之间的部份同源染色体配对。     

An efficient protocol for the production of triploid plants from endosperm callus of neem,Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Triploid plants of neem were obtained by immature endosperm culture. Immature seeds, at the early dicotyledonous stage of embryo development, is the best explant to raise endosperm callus on MS + NAA (5 mumol/L) + BAP (2 mumol/L) + CH (500 mg L-1). Maximum shoot bud differentiation from the endosperm callus occurred on MS + 5 mumol/L BAP. Shoots were multiplied by forced axillary branching and rooted in vitro. The plants were established in soil. Over 66% of the plants were triploid with chromosome number 2n = 3x = 36. A characteristic feature of the shoots of endosperm origin is the presence of a large number of multi-cellular glands.     

Microspore Culture of Hybrids Between Brassica napus and B. campestris

Embryos and regenerated plants were produced by isolated microspore culture of inter-specific hybrids between Brassica napus and B. campestris. The NLN media with different sucrose concentrations and pH values were tested and a protocol for optimal microspore culture of B. carnpestris was identified. The reciprocal hybrids between UM921 (B. campestris) and 911186 (B. napus) had significant higher embryo yield than other cultured hybrids. Obvious improvement of embryo yield and quality was achieved when hybrid plants of reciprocal UM921 × 911186 were grown under 10 ℃/5 ℃ (day/night) condition. There was significant correlation between embryo yield and seeds per pod on hybrid plants but no correlation between pollen fertility and embryo yield was detected among cultured.hybrids. The majority of microspore-derived plants from the reciprocal B. napus × B. campestris hybrids are aneuploids and 22.8% of the plants observed originated from the microspores with parent′s chromosome numbers, almost all n = 19. The factors affecting the embryogenesis in microspore culture of interspecific hybrids and the possible applications of the technique are discussed.     

普通小麦×东方旱麦草属间杂种的产生及无性系的建立

本研究以普通小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．;２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２,ＡＡＢＢＤＤ）为母本,以东方旱麦草（Ｅｒｅｍｏｐｙｒｕｍｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｅ（Ｌ．）Ｊａｕｂ．ｅｔＳｐａｃｈ;２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８）为父本,首次成功地获得了属间远缘杂种Ｆ１,其平均结实率为０．０８％。利用植物细胞工程技术,对杂种幼胚愈伤组织的诱导、胚性无性系的建立、植株再生、壮苗培养等,最终获得了生长正常的杂种Ｆ１植株。同时,通过对杂种幼胚愈伤组织、根尖细胞的细胞学观察,结果表明该杂种为真杂种,即２ｎ＝５ｘ＝３５（预期染色体数）的杂种细胞占主体;另外,因组培过程中发生了染色体数目的变异,故也有少量２ｎ＝２８－３４染色体数的细胞。以上杂种的获得为将旱麦草优异基因向小麦的转移奠定了基础。     

Reproduction and cytogenetic characterization of interspecific hybrids derived from Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L

Interspecific hybrids between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2 x = 24) and Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2 x = 14) were produced by means of F(1) (2n = 19) embryo rescue and subsequent chromosome doubling. The hybridity was confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome analysis. The amphidiploid (2n = 38) was self-pollinated and backcrossed to cucumber resulting in lines with improved crossability to C. sativus. Examination of shape, stainability, and germination rate of pollen grains and yield as a function of mature fruit set per ten pollinated flowers indicated a tendency for increased fertility in BC(1)S(1) progeny when compared to F(1) and amphidiploid offspring. Cytogenetic characterization of F(1) and amphidiploid progeny was performed. Generally normal meioses produced viable pollen grains, and fertilization resulted in partial fertility restoration in amphidiploid progeny. Chromosome anomalies such as "frying-pan trivalent", chromosome lagging and spindle mis-orientation were also observed. In most of the PMCs of the F(1) diploid hybrid progeny, 19 univalents were observed at diakinesis and MI. In the amphidiploid, more than 90% of the configurations at MI consisted of the predicted 19 bivalents and less than 5% contained multivalents [trivalents (2.3%) + quadrivalents (0.3%)], suggesting the presence of preferential pairing, and a distinctive parental genome as well. The chiasmata observed between homoeologous chromosomes further demonstrated the introgression of the C. hystrix genome into that of C. sativus.     

Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus.

Twenty-two intergeneric hybrids from a cross between Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38) cultivar Oro and the ornamental crucifer Orychophragmus violaceus (OO, 2n = 24) were produced without embryo rescue. The plants were classified into three groups based on morphological and cytological observations and RAPD banding patterns. Plants of Group I had morphological traits of both parents and 2n = 29 chromosomes. In these plants, 62.1% of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) had the pairing configuration 1 III + 9 II + 8 I; the remaining PMCs had 10 II + 9 I. The plants possessed 97.6-98.8% B. napus specific and 9.2-11.7% O. violaceus specific RAPD fragments. Plants of Group II exhibited novel morphological traits and possessed 2n = 35, 36, or 37 chromosomes. Plants of Group III were morphologically similar to B. napus and possessed 2n = 19, 37, 38, or 39 chromosomes. Plants of Group II and Group III had 94.1-99.4% B. napus specific RAPD fragments and no O. violaceus specific RAPD fragments. Chromosome fragments were observed in PMCs of most of the F1 plants in all groups. Based on the cytological results and RAPD analysis, it is suggested that genome doubling and chromosome elimination occurred in the intergeneric hybrids of B. napus x O. violaceus.     

大麻染色体行为分析

以大麻不同性别的植株为材料,常规压片法观察细胞染色体行为规律。核型分析结果表明:大麻雌雄株的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=20,核型公式分别为雌株2n=2x=20=18m 2sm,雄株2n=2x=20=18m 2sm(1SAT)。雌株体细胞中有2条X染色体,而雄株只有一条X染色体和一条具有大随体的Y染色体。雌雄株核型均为2A型,为较对称核型。这一结果可为进一步研究大麻性别的分化机制提供细胞遗传学理论依据。     

Interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus L. and B. oleracea L. developed by embryo culture

Summary Interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and B. oleracea are difficult to produce, and previous attempts to transfer economic characters from one species to the other have largely been unsuccessful. In these studies, oilseed rape cv. Tower (2n38) (B. napus) was crossed with broccoli and kale (2n18) (B. oleracea), and hybrid plants were developed from embryos in culture by either organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. In rape × broccoli, F₁ plants were regenerated from hybrid embryos and the plants produced viable selfed seeds. F₅ plants (2n38) homozygous for white flower colour were selected for high oil content (47%) and Line 15; a selection from these plants produced fertile hybrids with rape, broccoli and kale without embryo culture. In reciprocal crosses between oilseed rape cv. Tower and an aphid resistant diploid kale, 28 and 56 chromosome F₁ hybrid plants were regenerated from somatic embryos. The 56 chromosome plants were self-fertile and it was concluded from F₂ segregation ratios that a single dominant gene controls resistance to cabbage aphid in kale. The 28 chromosome F₁'s were self-sterile, but these and the 56 chromosome F₁'s could be backcrossed to rape and kale. A cross between the F₁ (2n56) and a forage rape resulted in the selection of a cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) resistant line (Line 3). Both Line 15 and Line 3 can serve as bridges for gene interchange between B. campestris, B. napus and B. oleracea, which has not been possible hitherto. Hybridisations between rape and tetraploid kale produced F₁ plants with 37 chromosomes. One F₂ plant possessed coronal scales and the inheritance was shown to be controlled by a single recessive gene unlinked to petal colour.This paper is dedicated to Mr. T. P. Palmer, a colleague and close friend who retired from the DSIR as Assistant Director of the Crop Research Division in September 1984     

Evaluation of BC2 progenies derived from 3x-2x and 3x-4x crosses of Lilium hybrids: a GISH analysis

An allotriploid (ALA, 2n=3 x=36) BC(1) plant was obtained by backcrossing a diploid F(1) interspecific hybrid (LA, 2n=2 x=24), derived from a Lilium longiflorum (L genome) and an Asiatic hybrid (A genome), to the latter parent. This allotriploid was backcrossed to a diploid Asiatic hybrid (2n=2 x=24) and to an allotetraploid (LLAA, 2n=4 x=48) LA hybrid. A total of 25 plants of these crosses were examined for ploidy level, and 12 individuals were analyzed for their genome constitution through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In most cases the progenies from the triploid-diploid (3 x-2 x) crosses consisted of aneuploids. Further more, there was evidence for the formation of near-haploid (x=12+2) to triploid (3 x=36) gametes in the allotriploid BC(1) plant. The progenies of triploid-tetraploid (3 x-4 x) cross also consisted of mostly aneuploids but in this case the triploid female parent had contributed predominantly near-triploid (2n) gametes for the origin of BC(2) progenies. The different ploidy levels observed between 3 x-2 x and 3 x-4 x crosses are possibly caused by preferential fertilization or survival resulting in a different ratio of chromosome numbers between the embryo and endosperm. Though Lilium has a tetrasporic, eight-nucleate type of embryo sac formation (Fritillaria type), the observed difference between the progeny types in 3 x-2 x and 3 x-4 x crosses is comparable to that of observed in monosporic eight nucleate types (Polygonum type) that predominate in most genera of Angiosperms. An important feature of the genome constitution of the progenies was that the homoeologous recombinant chromosomes were transmitted intact from BC(1) to BC(2) progenies in variable numbers. In addition, there was evidence for the occurrence of new homoeologous recombinations in the triploid BC(1). Of the two euploid BC(2) plants one had originated through the parthenogenetic development of a 2n egg and the other had originated through indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR).     

Production and morphology of the hybrids Aegilops kotschyi x Secale cereale and Ae. biuncialis x S. cereale

Hybrids between Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with Secale cereale were synthesized. Five Ae. kotschyi and four Ae. biuncialis accessions, as well as one inbred and four self-compatible forms of Secale cereale were used for crossing. The hybrids were produced directly from cultured embryos or through embryo callus culture. Sixty hybrids, 11 involving Ae. kotschyi and 49 Ae. biuncialis, had a stable somatic chromosome number 2n = 3x = 21. The plants showed good vegetative vigour and tillering capacity. Morphologically the hybrids were intermediate between their parents and completely sterile. In vitro propagation of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis x S. cereale hybrids revealed that their capacity for callus production and plantlet regeneration - varies.     

Modes of reproduction in Australian populations of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) revealed by DNA fingerprinting and cytological methods.

Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is widely used in homeopathic medicine, but has also become a serious weed in Australia and many other countries. Reproduction in H. perforatum was investigated using markers based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Between two Australian populations, plants displayed 14 polymorphisms from a total of 22 scorable RFLP markers when genomic DNA was probed with M13 bacteriophage, but individuals within each population exhibited identical RFLP fingerprints. Ninety-four percent of the progeny of four crosses made between the two populations exhibited identical fingerprint and ploidy level to the maternal parent, and probably originated apomictically. Seven seedlings with recombinant RFLP or AFLP fingerprints were found from a total of 121 progeny. Both molecular marker techniques detected the same recombinants from a subset of screened progeny. Cytological analysis showed that the seven recombinants comprised three tetraploids (2n = 4x = 32), three hexaploids (2n = 6x = 48), and one aneuploid (2n - 1 = 31), which suggested that the level of normal reduced embryo sacs was only 2.5%. These results are discussed in relation to the management of invasive populations, and the implications for plant breeding and production of St. John's wort for medicinal purposes.     

The nature of the genetic control of Endosperm Balance Number based on aneuploid analysis of Datura

 The genetic control of Endosperm Balance Number (EBN), a mechanism of effective ploidy that controls seed development, was studied using aneuploidy. The Endosperm Balance Number hypothesis proposes that each species has an effective ploidy (EBN) in the endosperm and that it is the effective ploidies, rather than the numerical (actual) ploidies, that must be in a 2:1 maternal to paternal ratio for normal endosperm development. Experiments were conducted in Datura stramonium L. (2n=4x=48) to determine if more than one chromosome but less than the whole genome could change the EBN of the female. Triploids were crossed with tetraploids to produce aneuploids. Most plump seeds gave rise to 2n=4x=48 chromosome plants. Six plants had between 38 and 47 chromosomes. Karyotyping of these plants supported the conclusion that only two chromosomes (1.2 and 19.20), when extra, were necessary to change the EBN of the central cell. Received: 25 April 1998 / Revision accepted: 25 January 1999     

Development of monosomic alien addition lines and introgression of genes from Oryza australiensis Domin. to cultivated rice O. sativa L.

Oryza australiensis, a diploid wild relative of cultivated rice, is an important source of resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) and bacterial blight (BB). Interspecific hybrids between three breeding lines of O. sativa (2n=24, AA) and four accessions of O. australiensis (2n=24, EE) were obtained through embryo rescue. The crossability ranged from 0.25% to 0.90%. The mean frequency of bivalents at diakinesis/metaphase I in F₁ hybrids (AE) was 2.29 to 4.85 with a range of 0–8 bivalents. F₁ hybrids were completely male sterile. We did not obtain any BC₁ progenies even after pollinating 20,234 spikelets of AE hybrids with O. sativa pollen. We crossed the artificially induced autotetraploid of an elite breeding line (IR31917-45-3-2) with O. australiensis (Acc. 100882) and, following embryo rescue, produced six F₁ hybrid plants (AAE). These triploid hybrids were backcrossed to O. sativa. The chromosome number of 16 BC₁ plants varied from 28 to 31, and all were male sterile. BC₂ plants had 24–28 chromosomes. Eight monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) having a 2n chromosome complement of O. sativa and one chromosome of O. australiensis were selected from the BC₂ F₂ progenies. The MAALs resembled the primary trisomies of O. sativa in morphology, and on the basis of this morphological similarity the MAALs were designated as MAAL-1, -4, -5, -7, -9, -10, -11, and -12. The identity of the alien chromosome was verified at the pachytene stage of meiosis. The alien chromosomes paired with the homoeologous pairs to form trivalents at a frequency of 13.2% to 24.0% at diakinesis and 7.5% to 18.5% at metaphase I. The female transmission rates of alien chromosomes varied from 4.2% to 37.2%, whereas three of the eight MAALs transmitted the alien chromosome through the male gametes. BC₂ progenies consisting of disomic and aneuploid plants were examined for the presence of O. australiensis traits. Alien introgression was detected for morphological traits, such as long awns, earliness, and Amp-3 and Est-2 allozymes. Of the 600 BC₂ F₄ progenies 4 were resistant to BPH and 1 to race 6 of BB. F₃ segregation data suggest that earliness is a recessive trait and that BPH resistance is monogenic recessive in two of the four lines but controlled by a dominant gene in the other two lines.     

Production and cytogenetics of hybrids of Triticum aestivum x Leymus innovatus

Summary Hybrid plants were obtained between Triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and Leymus innovatus (2n=4x=28, JJNN) at a frequency varying from 0.4% to 1.2% of the pollinated florets. Improvement of the embryo culture medium resulted in a higher frequency of embryo rescue. Eight of ten hybrids had the expected chromosome number of 35 (ABDJN). Meiotic analysis indicated that there was no homology between the genomes of the two species. Two hybrids had only 28 chromosomes. Comparison of chromosome pairing between the two types of hybrids suggested that Leymus innovatus carries genes that affect chromosome pairing and behavior. The relatively high occurrence of spontaneous doubling in the meiocytes of these hybrids may indicate that backcrossing of the hybrids to wheat should be possible, although frequent chromosome irregularities observed in the meiocytes of the hybrids may decrease the probability of success of this step, which is essential to the process of gene transfer from L. innovatus to wheat.Contrib. no. 366     

GISH and BAC－FISH study of apomintic Beta M14

Apomixis is a means of asexual reproduction by which plants produce embryos without fertilization and meiosis,therefore the embryo is of clonal and maternal origin.Interspecific hybrids between dip-loid B.vulgaris(2n=2x=18)and tetraploid B.corolliflora(2n=4x=36)were established,and then back-crossed with B.vulgaris.Among their offspring,monosomic addition line M14(2n=2x=18 1)was se-lected because of the apomictic phenotype.We documented chromosome transmission from B.corol-liflora into M14 by using genomic in situ hybridization(GISH).Suppression of cross-hybridization by blocking DNA was not necessary,indicating that the investigated Beta genome contains sufficient species-specific DNA,thus enabling the determination of genomic composition of the hybrids.We analyzed BAC microarrays of B.corolliflora chromosome 9 by using fluorescence-specific mRNA of B.vulgaris and Beta M14.BAC clones 16-M11 and 26-L15 were detected as fluorescence-specifics of BAC DNA of Beta M14.Then both BAC clones 16-M11 and 26-L15 were in situ hybridized to M14 chromo-somes.The two hybridized BAC clones were located close to the telomere region of the long arm of a single chromosome 9,and showed hemizygosity.The results of BAC microarrays showed that these developments of embryo and endosperm have conservative expression patterns,indicating that sexual reproduction and apomixis have an interrelated pathway with common regulatory components and that the induction of a modified sexual reproduction program may enable the manifestation of apomixis in Beta species.It would be sufficient for the expression of apomixes with those apomictic-specific genes on chromosome 9 of B.corolliflora.     

节节麦-簇毛麦属间杂种的形态学和细胞遗传学研究

通过远缘杂交,结合杂种幼胚离体培养,获得了节节麦（Aegilops tauschii,2n=14,DD）和簇毛麦（Dasypyrum villosum,2n=14,VV）的属间杂种F1。对杂种F1花粉母细胞减数(PMC)分裂中期Ⅰ (MⅠ)染色体配对行为进行观察发现,“节节麦×簇毛麦”杂种F1平均每PMC有1.25个棒状二价体, 染色体的平均构型为2n=14=11.49Ⅰ+1.25Ⅱ (Xta=1.25), 大部分被观察的细胞出现1～5个二价体, 表明节节麦D染色体与簇毛麦V染色体间具有相对较高的部分同源配对, D和V染色体之间存在一定的部分同源性。F1植株高度自交不育,经染色体加倍处理后能够自交结实。Abstract: ‘Aegilops tauschii×Dasypyrum villosum’ F1 hybrids were obtained by the combination of hybridization and embryo culture in vitro. Chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the hybrid F1 was carried out. Results showed that in an average , 1.25 rod bivalents were observed in one PMC, meiotic configuration was 2n=14=11.49Ⅰ+1.25Ⅱ(Xta=1.25) and most of PMCs possessed 1～5(rod) bivalens, indicating that the relatively high homeology was detected between the D genome of Ae.tauschii and the V genome of D.villosum. The morphological differences between F1 hybrids and their parents were significant. F1 plants were highly self-sterile, but partially self-fertile after treated by chromosome doubling technique.