瘤胫厕蝇触角感受器的超微结构观察

应用扫描电镜对瘤胫厕蝇Fannia scalaris(Fabricius)成虫触角的外部形态结构及其感受器进行了观察和研究.结果表明,瘤胫厕蝇成虫触角上存在着2类感受器:毛形感受器和锥形感受器,其中毛形感受器数量最多,分为5种.对各种感受器的形态特点进行了描述.     

茶银尺蠖雄蛾触角的扫描电镜观察

本文采用扫描电镜对茶银尺蠖Scopula subpunctaria Herrich-Schaeffer雄蛾触角感受器进行了外部形态的观察和研究。结果表明,茶银尺蠖雄蛾的触角感受器主要有毛形感受器、鳞形感受器和刺形感受器3种。描述了各种感受器的形态特征和着生规律,对其主要生理功能进行了分析和讨论。     

甘草胭脂蚧雌成虫触角感受器超微结构（英文）

【目的】甘草胭脂蚧Porphyrophora sophorae Arch.是一种典型的土栖性蚧虫。本研究旨在了解该虫触角的结构及其对土栖环境的适应性。【方法】利用光学显微镜、扫描和透射电子显微镜对甘草胭脂蚧雌成虫触角以及触角感受器进行了观察。【结果】甘草胭脂蚧雌成虫触角由9节组成,各触角节粗而短,各节间连接紧密,使触角形态呈现出较为粗壮的特点。在触角上分布着4种感受器29~48个,包括2~5个B9hm氏鬃毛,5~12个无孔毛形感受器,10~15个腔锥形感受器和11~22个多孔钉形感受器。根据各感受器的结构特点,判断它们分别具有自体感受、触觉感受、温湿度感受和嗅觉感受的功能。触角感受器主要分布在触角的3个节上,分别是:柄节,具2~4个B9hm氏鬃毛;第3鞭节,分布有6~10个腔锥形感受器;第7鞭节(即顶节),大多数的感受器都分布在这一节的端部,包括3~8个腔锥形感受器,4~11个无孔毛形感受器和11~22个多孔钉形感受器。而在触角的其他节上几乎没有感受器分布。【结论】甘草胭脂蚧雌成虫触角有着许多不同于其他蚧虫触角的特点,这些特点是与其土栖性的生活方式相适应的。     

三种粉虱触角、口针及跗节感受器的超微结构观察

对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci、温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum和禾粉虱Aleurocybotus indicus3种粉虱的触角、口针及跗节感受器的超微结构进行了观察。利用扫描电镜观察了烟粉虱、温室白粉虱和禾粉虱3种粉虱触角、口针及跗节化学感受器的类型和分布,进行了比较。3种粉虱触角上都有刚毛感受器、锥形感受器2种感受器和微毛,烟粉虱触角还有钟形感受器和腔锥感受器;温室白粉虱和禾粉虱触角均没有发现钟形感受器;3种粉虱的口针和跗节上均只有刚毛感受器和微毛,且形态结构相似。     

蜚蠊目(六足总纲,昆虫纲)八种昆虫触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

获得蜚蠊目昆虫触角感受器外部形态的资料,为蟑螂的系统学研究积累一些新的基础资料.使用KYKYAMRAY 1000B型扫描电镜蜚蠊目8种昆虫触角感受器进行观察和拍照,然后进行比较分析.观察结果表明,蜚蠊目昆虫的触角均分布有毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器.蜚蠊目昆虫触角感受器的外部形态在科、属水平表现的差异程度与昆虫的分类地位相符合.触角感受器的形态结构也许能成为鉴别蜚蠊目科和属的有用特征.     

梨小食心虫触角感受器雌雄二型的超微研究

梨小食心虫是果树上的一种重要害虫。本文采用扫描电子显微镜技术(SEM)对成虫离体触角外部形态进行观察,以Onagbola和Fadamiro(2008)为分类标准,对梨小食心虫的触角感受器重新进行分类。结果显示,梨小食心虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节构成,鞭节细分为38-45个亚节。雌、雄蛾共有8种触角感受器,分别为无孔栓锥形感受器、无孔B9hm's鬃毛、单孔刺形感受器、多孔毛形感受器、多孔锥形感受器、多孔腔锥形感受器、多孔耳形感受器和芽孢形感受器(只在雌蛾触角上观察到)。感受器在类型、形态和数量上存在雌雄二型现象。耳形感受器数量在雌雄间差异显著,雌雄蛾刺形感受器、栓锥形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器长度差异显著,并对其功能进行了推测。     

稻小秆蝇触角感受器的超微结构研究

采用扫描电子显微镜对稻小秆蝇触角感受器进行了观察和研究,结果表明,稻小秆蝇触角上共存在5种感受器,分别为毛形感受器、刚毛型感受器、柱形感受器、锥形感受器蒲姆氏鬃。对各种触角感受器的形态、分布特点进行了描述,并对其功能进行了一定的探讨。     

中国榕小蜂触角感受器形态特征及进化适应性分析

【目的】榕树与传粉榕小蜂体系是协同进化、专性传粉的经典系统,每种榕树上一般还生活有种类丰富、数目众多的非传粉榕小蜂。在选择压力下,榕小蜂为在榕果内生存产生了明显的适应性形态。触角感受器是昆虫通讯系统的单元,其形态是反映生态和进化适应性的最佳特征之一。本文旨在对中国部分传粉和非传粉榕小蜂的触角感受器的形态多样性和进化适应性进行系统研究。【方法】对来源于海南和云南15种榕树上24种榕小蜂54个型的触角感受器形态进行了扫描电镜观察,基于现有的分子系统发育树,对传粉榕小蜂触角感受器的形态特征进行了性状演化分析,并对榕小蜂的形态特征进行了进化适应性分析。【结果】榕小蜂触角感受器普遍存在雌雄二型现象。雌蜂触角感受器种类有毛状、锥状、板状、刺状、钟形、腔锥状和栓锥状等,数目丰富,并且进果产卵的传粉雌蜂和果外产卵的非传粉雌蜂之间、进果产卵的传粉雌蜂和进果产卵的非传粉雌蜂之间在形态上存在差异。传粉雄蜂和不具有雄性多型现象的非传粉雄蜂触角感受器极为退化,具有雄性多型的非传粉雄蜂触角感受器形态在种内不具有显著差异。性状演化分析表明进化路径相当复杂,可能存在多次独立进化过程。触角感受器的形态类型与其进化适应性相关。【结论】榕小蜂触角感受器类型多样,形态变化丰富,并为适应榕果内的生存而产生了进化适应性特点。雌蜂和雄蜂在榕果内受到了完全不同的选择压力,行使不同的生态功能,从而产生了不同的适应性形态。不同的适应性形态可能与雌蜂不同的产卵行为、雄蜂不同的交配策略具有一定联系。该文是首次对中国榕小蜂触角感受器形态进行系统研究的报道,有助于更好地理解榕小蜂的形态特征、进化路线、行为策略和生态关系。     

红彩真猎蝽成虫触角、喙和前足跗节感受器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对红彩真猎蝽成虫的触角、喙、前足跗节感受器进行观察。结果表明：红彩真猎蝽触角上分布4种类型的感受器,分别为毛形感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器。其中,毛形感受器、刺形感受器各有3种形态,锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器各有2种形态,雌、雄性成虫个体间触角感受器类型、数量及分布未发现明显差异。喙的末端分布3种类型感受器,分别为毛形感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器,其中毛形感受器1种形态,刺形感受器2种形态,锥形感受器有3种形态。前足跗节末节存在刺形感受器和锥形感受器,其中刺形感受器有3种形态,锥形感受器有4种形态。     

红火蚁触角及其上感受器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对采自我国广东吴川和广西南宁的红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren工蚁、有翅雌蚁和雄蚁触角的形态和感受器类型进行了研究。结果表明,工蚁、雌蚁和雄蚁的触角存在着较大的差异。工蚁和雌蚁的触角为膝状,末端2或3节膨大为棒状,雌蚁的触角11节,比工蚁(10节)的多1节。雄蚁的触角为线状,12节,末端没有棒状结构。工蚁和雌蚁的触角上共有7种感受器,分别为毛形、曲毛形、锥形、腔锥形、坛形、刺形感受器和Böhm氏鬃毛,前6种感受器大多集中在触角末端的棒节,棒节以外的各鞭节上主要是毛形感受器,Böhm氏鬃毛则分布于柄节和梗节的基部,鞭节上无此感受器。雄蚁触角上也有7种感受器,但其分布与工蚁的有较大差异,Böhm氏鬃毛的分布与工蚁和雌蚁的相同,锥形感受器分布在末端2节,坛形感受器分布在末端3节,其余的4种感受器较为均匀地分布在各鞭节,而不是聚集在端节。另外,新发现雄蚁中存在一种与已知的毛型感受器不同的超短毛状感受器,定名为超短毛感受器。最后,对红火蚁的触角及感受器在蚁群社会性行为中的作用进行了讨论。     

各型桃蚜触角感器的比较研究

该文对桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)各型触角感器进行了比较研究。扫描电镜观察结果表明桃蚜具有钟形感器、毛形感器、原生感觉圈和次生感觉圈4种类型的触角感器。桃蚜各型触角感器的最大差异主要表现在次生感觉圈上,雄蚜、雌性母和有翅孤雌蚜具有次生感觉圈,雌性蚜、干母和无翅孤雌蚜无;但雄蚜具有的次生感觉圈数目多于雌性母和有翅孤雌蚜,且不仅仅分布在触角第3节,第4、5节也有分布。本文探讨了桃蚜触角感器在化学生态学上的功能作用,各型触角感器的差异与桃蚜寄主选择、迁移及交配行为的关系,并进一步分析了桃蚜触角感器的性二型现象。     

Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of aphids

Summary An electron microscopical study of aphid antennal sensilla has revealed two types of trichoid sensilla. Type I, innervated by a single neuron is mechanoreceptive; type II, innervated by three to five neurons is both mechanoreceptive and chemoreceptive with possibly a third function. Johnston's organ in the pedicel comprises a peripheral ring of scolopidia inserted into the joint with the flagellum; two non-peripheral groups of scolopidia lie in the lumen with attachment points in the wall of the third segment. The fine structure of a campaniform sensillum on the pedicel is described together with two homologous and previously unknown sense organs at the joint between the fifth and sixth antennal segments. An unusually placed scolopidium in the lumen of the sixth segment has also been found. The function of this scolopidium is unknown but Johnston's organ, the campaniform sensillum and joint receptors are suggested to act as antennal proprioceptors.The authors thank the Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol for use of the SEM facilities. A.K. Bromley gratefully acknowledges the tenure of a S.R.C. CASE Studentship and thanks Professor L.H. Finlayson for research facilities     

Expression pattern analysis of odorant‐binding proteins in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are soluble proteins mediating chemoreception in insects. In previous research, we investigated the molecular mechanisms adopted by aphids to detect the alarm pheromone (E)‐β‐farnesene and we found that the recognition of this and structurally related molecules is mediated by OBP3 and OBP7. Here, we show the differential expression patterns of 5 selected OBPs (OBP1, OBP3, OBP6, OBP7, OBP8) obtained performing quantitative RT‐PCR and immunolocalization experiments in different body parts of adults and in the 5 developmental instars, including winged and unwinged morphs, of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The results provide an overall picture that allows us to speculate on the relationship between the differential expression of OBPs and their putative function. The expression of OBP3, OBP6, and OBP7 in the antennal sensilla suggests a chemosensory function for these proteins, whereas the constant expression level of OBP8 in all instars could suggest a conserved role. Moreover, OBP1 and OBP3 are also expressed in nonsensory organs. A light and scanning electron microscopy study of sensilla on different body parts of aphid, in particular antennae, legs, mouthparts, and cornicles‐cauda, completes this research providing a guide to facilitate the mapping of OBP expression profiles.     

扁角豆芫菁成虫雌雄异型触角感器精细结构观察(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在观察扁角豆芫菁Epicauta impressicornis主要触角感器的形态特征,为进一步开展扁角豆芫菁生物学和行为机制研究提供基础参考,也为今后的触角感受器电生理研究提供前提条件。【方法】对扁角豆芫菁E. impressicornis雌雄成虫触角感器进行了扫描电镜观察,并对雌雄成虫触角感器数量、分布及其差异进行了统计和比较分析。【结果】结果表明,其雌雄成虫触角感器存在性二型现象,二者的感器类型、数量及分布既有共性又存在明显差异。雌雄成虫触角共有的感器分为7种,即2种刺形感器(CH1和CH2),2种锥形感器(SB1和SB2),1种Böhm氏鬃毛(BB),1种耳形感器(SA)和1种钟形感器(CA);雄虫触角特有的感器类型包括1种刺形感器(CH3)和1种锥形感器(SB3),而雌性触角特有的感器类型包含2种锥形感器(SB4和SB5)和1种凹槽钉形感器(GP)。【结论】扁角豆芫菁成虫触角感受器类型丰富多样。根据触角感受器的形态、分布以及与之前报道结果的比较分析,推测其功能可能为信息素感器(CH1)、化学感器(CH2和GP)、嗅觉受体(CH3, SB1-SB5, SA和CA)、机械感器(BB)和温度感器(GP和CA)。     

六斑月瓢虫触角及感觉器扫描电镜观察

[目的] 明确六斑月瓢虫雌雄成虫触角感觉器种类、分布及形态特征。[方法] 利用扫描电子显微镜对六斑月瓢虫雌、雄成虫触角形态及触角感受器超微结构进行观察。[结果] 六斑月瓢虫成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,柄节长度与宽度显著大于梗节长度与宽度;鞭节分为9个亚节,末端3节横向膨大呈锤状。雌雄成虫触角上共有8种感觉器:刺形感觉器(SC)、毛形感觉器(ST)、锥形感觉器(SB)、腔形感觉器(CaS)、钟形感觉器(CS)、哑铃形感觉器(DS)、香肠形感觉器(SS)及B?hm氏鬃毛感觉器(BB)。以毛形感觉器和刺形感觉器分布最广,遍布触角;B?hm氏鬃毛仅存在于触角柄节与梗节;触角鞭节第9亚节顶端密布7种触角感觉器。六斑月瓢虫雌雄成虫触角长度、触角感觉器类型及分布无显著差异。[结论] 六斑月瓢虫成虫触角上共有8种感觉器,其触角可能具有感知机械刺激、识别化学信息素及感受温湿度变化的作用。本研究为进一步了解六斑月瓢虫触角与其行为间的关系提供基础资料。     

昆虫触角感器类型及其功能研究进展

触角感器是昆虫对环境变化产生行为响应的重要基本结构单元,作为昆虫内部神经系统与外部环境进行信息交流的关键接口,受到广泛关注。由于不同环境压力的作用,长期适应性进化使昆虫触角上着生有不同类型的感器,且执行着差异化的生物学功能。触角感器在昆虫识别寄主、寻找配偶、躲避天敌等行为变化中具有重要作用,若深入理解昆虫行为变化的内在机理,则有必要清晰认识昆虫触角感器类型与潜在功能。本文对已有研究结果进行系统性综述与总结。截止目前,共发现有61种昆虫触角感器类型,且触角感器存在种内与种间特征差异。同时针对12种常见的触角感器功能进行梳理,提出昆虫触角感器未来可深入开展的研究方向。本文全面了解各昆虫触角感器类型特征和功能,为从形态结构方面进行昆虫分类研究提供新视角,也为今后从化学生态学角度深入开展昆虫行为对环境改变的适应性等研究提供科学依据。     

External morphology of the antennae of Damalinia ovis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)

The antennae of adult Damalinia ovis, the sheep louse, were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Sensory structures are located on all three antennal segments with the predominant sensilla type being tactile. Nine different types of sensilla are described on the basis of external appearance. One of the sensilla, designated a "pit organ" because of its unusual shape, has not been described previously. A pair of these sensilla are present on each antenna, and their function is unknown. A group of 11 sensilla on the tip of each antenna contains olfactory and chemosensory pegs, and a possible thermohygroreceptor. The antennae are sexually dimorphic, the male having more tactile sensilla, two well-developed terminal hooks, and a different cuticular architecture on the posterior surface of antennal segment 1.     

沟眶象触角感器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察沟眶象触角感器的类型、数量和分布。结果表明,沟眶象触角上共有5类10种感器,分别为4种锥形感器、2种刺形感器、2种毛形感器、1种栓锥形感器和1种柱形感器。根据感器的分布、形态特征结合已有的文献描述,推测了感器可能的功能。触角感器在每节上的数量和分布不同,在背腹面的分布差异不显著。雌雄成虫触角上感器总的数量存在显著差异。     

External morphology of antennal sensilla of four species of adult flea beetles (Coleoptera : chrysomelidae : alticinae)

External morphology of antennal sensilla of both sexes of Phyllotetra cruciferae (Goeze) and Psylloides punctulata Melsh, both of which feed on the mustard family Cruciferae, and Epitrix cucumeris (Harris) and Psylloides affinis (Paykell), both of which feed on the nightshade family Solanaceae, was studied using scanning electron microscopy. All belong to Alticinae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). The number and distribution of antennal sensilla were also determined. Eight types of sensilla could be distinguished on the flagella of the species examined: sensilla chaetica; sensilla trichodea I and II; long sensilla basiconica I and II; and short sensilla basiconica I, II and III. The sensilla chaetica are probable tactile mechanosensilla, whereas both types of sensilla trichodea and long sensilla basiconica likely function in olfaction. Suggested functions for the short sensilla basiconica I, II and III include hygro-/thermoreception and chemoreception.The lack of sexual dimorphism in antennal structure and in types as well as number of sensilla, indicates that the sensilla probably have similar functions in both sexes. Probably most of the antennal olfactory sensilla are involved in host location and recognition. Any correlation between number of a particular type of sensillum or total number of all types and general host preference is not apparent.     

Effect of [His7]-corazonin on the number of antennal sensilla in Locusta migratoria

Abstract.  Certain types of antennal sensilla are known to be more abundant in solitarious individuals than in gregarious ones in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria . We tested the hypothesis that injection of a neurohormone, [His⁷]-corazonin, into isolated-reared nymphs of this species mimics the effect of crowding on the frequencies of various types of antennal sensilla. One nmol of the hormone was injected into nymphs on two occasions, on the third days of the second and third stadia, respectively. Upon adult emergence, the numbers of different types of sensilla on the eighth antennal segment were compared with those of oil-injected controls. [His⁷]-corazonin did not influence the numbers of basiconic sensilla type A, basiconic sensilla type B and trichoid sensilla significantly compared to oil-injected controls. However, the number of coeloconic sensilla was reduced significantly by the hormone injections. Because the length of the antennal segment was not affected by the hormone injection, it appears that the hormone influenced the development of coeloconic sensilla. The results support the hypothesis tested and are consistent with the idea that [His⁷]-corazonin plays an important role in the control of phase polymorphism in L. migratoria .