营养对不同地理种群周氏啮小蜂生物学特性的影响

【目的】研究补充营养对周氏啮小蜂海南本土地理种群和北京地理种群的生物学参数是否有差异。【方法】设置不同的营养(10%蜂蜜、10%蔗糖、10%葡萄糖、水、空白)分别饲喂周氏啮小蜂,统计2个地理种群的寄生率、羽化率、出蜂量、寿命。【结果】2个地理种群的周氏啮小蜂羽化后不久即可进行交配,补充10%蜂蜜、10%蔗糖、10%葡萄糖能显著提高2个地理种群的寄生率、羽化率、出蜂量、雌雄蜂寿命,补充不同的营养对两个地理种群的雌雄比、发育历期的影响差异不显著;饲喂10%蜂蜜的海南地理种群寄生率最高(84.60%),饲喂10%葡萄糖的海南地理种群羽化率最高(97.47%),饲喂10%葡萄糖的海南地理种群出蜂量最高(60.03头),饲喂10%葡萄糖的海南地理种群雌、雄蜂的寿命均为最高,分别为9.13和8.53d。营养和地理种群的交互作用对周氏啮小蜂雄蜂的寄生率、羽化率、出蜂量、雌雄比、雌雄蜂寿命具有显著影响,而对周氏啮小蜂的发育历期无显著影响。【结论】补充营养可不同程度促进周氏啮小蜂生殖力、寿命及寄生率,对寄生蜂繁育和利用其进行生物防治具有一定的意义。     

两种烟草对烟夜蛾实验种群和自然种群增长的影响

烟夜蛾对黄花烟草的产卵趋性显著高于普通烟草,为明确亲代成虫的产卵选择行为对其后代种群增长的影响,分别在室内和自然条件下,应用生命表技术测定了两种烟草对烟夜蛾的生长发育和存活、食物的转化和利用以及种群增长的影响.结果表明:(1) 室内(26±1)℃、(75±5)% R.H和16L:8D光周期条件下,与普通烟草相比,黄花烟草上幼虫的发育历期显著延长,1～3龄各期幼虫的存活率及雌蛾产卵量显著降低,种群净增殖率(R0=16.1086)和内禀增长率(rm=0.0848)减小.(2) 6龄幼虫对两种烟草的相对取食量(RCR)和近似消化率(AD)无显著差异,但是对黄花烟草的利用率(ECI)、转化率(ECD)及其相对生长率(RGR)显著下降.(3) 第二代烟夜蛾在普通烟田的种群数量呈上升趋势(I=1.0325＞1),而在黄花烟田呈下降趋势(I=0.6577＜1),第三代烟夜蛾种群在两种烟田均呈下降趋势,但普通烟田的种群增长(I=0.4571)大于黄花烟田(I=0 3592).这些结果表明,黄花烟草较不适合烟夜蛾的繁殖和种群增长,其寄主适合性不如普通烟草.     

苹果园周围生境对凹唇壁蜂种群的维持作用

【目的】凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata Alfken是我国重要授粉昆虫之一,在北方苹果树授粉有极其重要的作用。如何通过管理措施,维持壁蜂种群成为急需解决的重要问题之一。【方法】以苹果园和周围生境为研究区域,在四类不同生境类型中(苹果园中心区与边缘区,苹果周围生境中心区和边缘区),共选取18个点,采用粘虫板(白板和黄板)和蜂巢(芦苇管和塑料巢箱)两种不同调查方式监测凹唇壁蜂及其天敌叉唇寡毛土蜂种群数量动态,重点分析苹果园周围生境对凹唇壁蜂种群的维持作用。【结果】粘虫板调查结果表明:整体上凹唇壁蜂的数量在苹果园周围生境(65%±17%)高于苹果园生境(35%±12%)。芦苇巢管调查表明:凹唇壁蜂筑巢数量在苹果园周围生境(69%±26%)高于苹果园生境(31%±9%);塑料巢管调查表明,凹唇壁蜂筑巢数量在苹果园周围生境(48%±13%)与苹果园生境(52%±13%)基本相同。苹果园的周围生境可以为释放在果园内的壁蜂提供稳定觅食筑巢条件,起到有效维持凹唇壁蜂种群的作用。【结论】苹果园景观中的凹唇壁蜂种群受生境类型的影响,果园周围的生境可以为凹唇壁蜂等授粉昆虫提供栖息空间与食物资源,具有重要价值。在苹果园实际生产与管理时,应考虑在其周围生境中保护与种植更多的开花植物,为以凹唇壁蜂为代表的授粉昆虫提供适宜的栖息环境和补充食物,维持其种群。     

粘虫田间种群的室内饲养研究

【目的】为了解河南省粘虫田间种群的生物学特性。【方法】本文对漯河、洛阳、潢川和原阳的1代或2代粘虫田间种群进行了室内饲养,并对幼虫存活,被寄生情况和繁殖能力等进行了研究。【结果】东方粘虫雌蛾和雄蛾的平均寿命分别为(13.73±4.13)d和(23.04±6.89)d,平均产卵前期和平均产卵历期分别为(6.30±0.33)d和(6.69±2.46)d,单雌平均产卵量为(1631.0±66.83)粒。劳氏粘虫雌蛾和雄蛾的平均寿命分别为(13.17±2.70)d和(13.52±3.62)d,平均产卵前期和平均产卵历期分别为(4.03±0.22)d和(8.28±2.71)d,单雌平均产卵量为(912.9±72.82)粒。潢川地区东方粘虫中线虫的寄生率最高(26.0%),漯河地区2代粘虫寄生蜂的寄生率最高(77.5%)。【结论】河南省内发生危害的粘虫主要为东方粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)和劳氏粘虫Mythimna loreyi。不同地区不同世代东方粘虫的成虫寿命和产卵量没有显著差异,但幼虫中线虫和寄生蜂的寄生率存在明显差异。东方粘虫和劳氏粘虫在雄蛾寿命,产卵前期和单雌平均产卵量等方面均存在显著差异。     

昆明桃园果蝇寄生蜂种类及其种群动态

【目的】为控制果蝇类害虫危害,需掌握昆明桃园内果蝇寄生蜂的种类及种群消长动态。【方法】2014年4—10月在云南昆明小河乡(25°10′55.07″N,102°47′52.51″E,海拔2200 m)桃树果园,利用香蕉、诱盒收集桃园内果蝇天敌昆虫寄生蜂并进行分类鉴定,对其种群动态进行监测。【结果】共收集到6种果蝇寄生蜂,762只。经过鉴定分别为茧蜂科的Asobara brevicauda和Asobara mesocauda、环腹瘿蜂科的Leptopilina japonica、瘿蜂科的Ganaspis brasiliensis、锤角细蜂科的Trichopria drosophilae、金小蜂科的Pachycrepoideus vindemiae。其中A.mesocauda(29.40%)、G.brasiliensis(17.85%)、T.drosophilae(47.77%) 3种寄生蜂的发生数量相对较多,且不同寄生蜂的种群动态随着季节呈现不同的变化。【结论】结合桃园内果蝇的种群动态,初步筛选出果蝇的优势天敌为瘿蜂科G.brasiliensis和锤角细蜂科T.drosophilae,并将对其的保护利用开展进一步研究。     

室内饲养的小菜蛾种群近交衰退分析

【目的】分析近交繁殖对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群的影响,为室内繁殖小菜蛾种群提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下,连续饲养6代小菜蛾种群,比较近交种群和杂交种群在交配行为、繁殖能力、蛹重、成虫寿命及形态等方面的差异。【结果】近交繁殖各代蛹重达极显著差异,尤其第3代后,蛹重显著下降;近交各代的雌雄成虫在交配次数和交配持续时间上显著减小,尤其是第4代后,下降幅度极其明显,F6代雌(雄)成虫的交配次数和交配持续时间分别是F0代的12.9%(13.8%)和8.3%(8.9%),表明自F4代后,近交小菜蛾种群已呈现出明显的衰退现象。同样,F4代后近交种群的产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量、卵孵化率、成虫寿命等均极显著下降,但世代历期显著延长。同时,近交对雌雄成虫体长有显著影响,F6代雌雄成虫体长是F0代的60%左右。【结论】自近交繁殖3代始,会导致小菜蛾种群交配行为、繁殖及形态的变化,尤其是近交繁殖4代以后变化更为明显,使种群出现明显的衰退现象。因此,在小菜蛾室内繁殖时,隔一段时间(至多3代)采集远源虫源,避免种群衰退。     

水松自然种群和人工种群遗传多样性比较

采用ISSR分子标记技术分析水松不同起源种群的遗传多样性.结果表明:10条引物共检测出95个扩增位点,多态位点数占39.0%.与其他濒危裸子植物相比,水松的遗传多样性较低,遗传分化系数Gst为0.3982,基因流Nm仅0.3778,种群间存在一定程度的遗传分化,但种群内变异占主导地位;遗传距离与地理距离呈正相关关系.自然种群的多态位点百分率(P)、Nei的条带多样度(He)和Shannon信息指数(Ⅰ)平均值(39.3%、0.1499和0.2202)分别高于人工种群(30.7%、0.1265和0.1759).自然种群的遗传分化系数(Gst0.4513)和平均遗传距离(D=0.0301)也高于人工种群(Gst=0.3025,D=0.0192).     

安徽省扬子鳄饲养种群繁殖力的参数分析及种群增长预测

通过对宣城扬子鳄繁殖研究中心三代繁殖鳄1982—2003年繁殖力有关参数的分析,结果表明近三年来繁殖研究中心扬子鳄产卵量明显减少;亲代受精率为(83.80±2.37)%、孵化率为(89.53±0.86)%;发现F1受精率为(79.38±2.74)%、孵化率为(83.78±1.95)%;F2代个体受精率为(68.7±1.84)%、孵化率为(88.16±1.68)%;通过单因素方差分析F(受精率)=4.33(P<0.05)、F(孵化率)=4.56(P<0.05)差异显著。分析影响扬子鳄繁殖的因素发现:产卵量明显减少可能与亲代鳄逐渐退出繁殖期、F1代鳄整体产卵能力有下降趋势、F2代鳄没有大规模进入繁殖期有关;分析历史资料发现扬子鳄产卵窝数与4月份的温度相关性高(R=0.979,P<0.01);作者认为F1、F2代个体与亲代之间的受精率、孵化率有显著差异,近交衰退、遗传多样性的丧失有密切关系。利用时间序列分析建立理想状态下饲养扬子鳄种群数量估计模型,预测10年内扬子鳄饲养将可能达到19000尾;根据该种群增长模式及种群年龄结构特点,应扩大饲养规模,特别是育成鳄饲养池及幼鳄饲养池的建设。     

新疆不同棉花品种烟粉虱实验种群

在实验室条件下［温度(26±1) ℃,相对湿度(75±1)%,光照L∶D=16∶8］研究了烟粉虱在新疆棉田主栽品种新陆早8号、新陆早16号、新陆早17号、中棉35号、抗5和岱80棉花品种上的存活率、产卵量和寿命等,组建了实验种群生命表,估测了种群净增殖率(R₀)、内禀增长力(r_m)、平均世代周期(T)和周限增长率(λ)等生殖力参数.结果表明：烟粉虱在不同棉花品种上的形态大小、发育历期、存活率及产卵量均存在显著差异.比较烟粉虱种群在6种棉花品种上的世代存活率和繁殖力,其在新陆早16号上发育速度最快、产卵量最高,而在抗5上各种生命参数相对较低.新陆早16号是烟粉虱种群生长发育最适宜的棉花品种,其次为中棉35号,抗5是烟粉虱种群最不适宜的品种.     

山东苹果园凹唇壁蜂种群的制约因子分析

【目的】凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata Alflken是山东苹果园的主要授粉昆虫,明确影响凹唇壁蜂种群的自然因子,对于发挥其传粉生态服务功能有重要意义【方法】本文应用生命表方法,比较研究了山东省6个地点的壁蜂种群参数。【结果】各个地点的成茧率(7.64%~73.84%)和每管成茧数量(0.80~5.56)存在非常大的差异;6个地点的种群趋势指数大于1,变化范围为1.80~11.80;壁蜂种群的致死因子包括卵败育、螨寄生、蜂捕食和自然死亡,排除作用控制指数分别为1.07、1.10、1.03、2.53,各地所有致死因子的排除作用控制指数为1.19~5.50,如果没有寄生、自然死亡等因子,凹唇壁蜂种群将增加19%~450%。【结论】自然死亡是限制山东省果园凹唇壁蜂种群的主要因子,因此需要加强凹唇壁蜂饲养管理,减少其自然死亡率。     

Sex ratios in field populations of two parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Coccus hesperidum L. (Homoptera: Coccidae)

We tested several assumptions and predictions of host-quality-dependent sex allocation theory (Charnov et al. 1981) with data obtained for the parasitoid Metaphycus stanleyi Compere on its host, brown soft scale (Coccus hesperidum L.), in a California citrus grove and in the laboratory. Scales ceased growing after parasitization by M.?stanleyi. Thus, M. stanleyi may gauge host quality (=size) at oviposition. Host size positively influenced adult parasitoid size, and parasitoid size in turn influenced adult longevity of M. stanleyi. However, parasitoid fitness gains with host size and adult size were similar in males versus females. Sex allocation to individual hosts by M. stanleyi depended on host size; females consistently emerged from larger hosts than males. Host size was important in a relative sense; the mean host sizes of females versus males, and of solitary versus gregarious parasitoids varied with the available host size distribution. The offspring sex ratio of M. stanleyi reflected the available host size distribution; the sex ratio of emerging parasitoids varied with the available host size distribution. We did not detect a “critical host size” below which males emerged, and above which females emerged; rather, only females emerged from hosts in the upper size range, and a variable ratio of males and females emerged from hosts in the lower size range. We conclude that the sex ratio of field populations of M.?stanleyi is driven largely by the available size distribution of C. hesperidum. In addition, we tested predictions resulting from theoretical analyses of sex allocation in autoparasitoids with data obtained on Coccophagus semicircularis (Förster) parasitizing brown soft scale in the field. The sex ratio of C. semicircularis was consistently and strongly female biased (ca. 90% females). Based on available theoretical analyses, we suggest that this sex ratio pattern may have resulted from a very low encounter rate of secondary hosts coupled with a strong time limitation in C. semicircularis females. This explanation was the most plausible given constraints stemming from the detection of secondary hosts, their variable location within primary hosts, and their handling times. Finally, the size of hosts which yielded single versus multiple parasitoids, and the sizes of these parasitoids, were compared. These comparisons suggested that: (1) M. stanleyi females gauge host sizes precisely, and in terms of female offspring; thus a fitness penalty is not incurred by females which share a host, while males benefit from sharing a host, and; (2) instances where multiple C. semicircularis emerged from a single host were probably the result of parasitism by different females, or during different encounters by a single female.     

Sex ratios of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in relation to current theory

Abstract. 1. Spulungiu endius Walker is a solitary parasitoid of house fly puparia.
2. The sex and size of S.endius was not related to host size.
3. In the laboratory the mean sex ratio of all offspring of nine groups, each comprising twenty females, was consistently female-biased (x = 83.5%, range 79–87%). The sex ratio in the field was less female-biased and showed greater fluctuation (61–75%). This may be a consequence of females laying male eggs before mating, some females remaining unmated, possible shorter adult life expectancy in the field than in the laboratory, and, perhaps, the presence of conspecific females.
4. The sex ratio of offspring of individual females varied from 66% to 100% females, and males were deposited early in the oviposition sequence.
5. Although a large number of fly puparia died before adult flies or parasitoids emerged (64.5%; n = 5874), there was no differential mortality of either sex.
6. Our results fit no general sex ratio hypothesis and we conclude that (i) the genetic nature of sex ratios in these insects needs careful examination, and (ii) the prevalence of female-biased sex ratios in solitary parasitoids needs investigation.     

Litter sex ratio variation in laboratory colonies of two geographically distinct strains of the root vole Microtus oeconomus

Litter sex ratio at birth was studied in two laboratory colonies of root voles Microtus oeconomus originating from northern and southern Norway, respectively Sex ratio was female biased in the northern (57% females), but not in the southern colony Sex seemed to be binomially distributed within litters of both colonies, and did not show consistent relationships with mother weight, litter size, parity or number of generations bred in the laboratory Both colonies originated from populations exhibiting cyclic population dynamics in the wild Thus different demography as such is unable to explain the difference in sex ratio between the two laboratory colonies Social organization has been shown to differ between the two strains of root voles both in the field and in the laboratory, but it is yet unclear whether this factor is related to the sex ratio difference documented in this laboratory study     

舞毒蛾卵寄生蜂大蛾卵跳小蜂发育与温度的关系及利用替代寄主柞蚕卵繁育的子代品质评价

舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar (L.)是国际性检疫害虫。大蛾卵跳小蜂Ooencyrtus kuwanae (Howard)是舞毒蛾卵的重要寄生蜂, 对舞毒蛾有一定的控制作用。为了在规模化繁育大蛾卵跳小蜂时控制小蜂的发育进度, 设置不同的温度梯度研究了该蜂发育与温度的关系; 同时, 为了对替代寄主繁育出的天敌质量进行评价, 对利用其自然寄主舞毒蛾卵和替代寄主柞蚕Antheraea pernyi卵繁育出的子代成蜂的寿命、 胸宽、 雌雄性比进行了比较。结果显示： 大蛾卵跳小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为10.50±1.41℃和260.74±25.09日·度, 温度与发育速率的关系为T=10.50+260.74V。当采用30%的蜂蜜水饲喂成蜂时, 柞蚕卵繁育出的大蛾卵跳小蜂雌、 雄蜂的平均寿命分别为15.01和10.38 d, 采用原寄主舞毒蛾卵繁育出的雌、 雄蜂平均寿命分别为20.94和15.95 d, 两者差异显著; 采用柞蚕卵繁育出的雌蜂个体显著大于用舞毒蛾卵繁育出的雌蜂个体; 柞蚕卵和舞毒蛾卵繁育出的大蛾卵跳小蜂雌雄性比没有显著差异, 分别为2.42∶1和2.57∶1。结果表明, 在野外开展舞毒蛾的生物防治时, 释放利用柞蚕卵繁育出的大蛾卵跳小蜂具有可行性。     

Production and export of the parasitoid Tachardiaephagus somervilli (Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), a biological control agent for the yellow lac scale,Tachardina aurantiaca (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae)

Development and reproduction of the hymenopteran parasitoid Tachardiaephagus somervilli Mahdihassan (Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) were studied in its native range in Malaysia as part of a classical biological control program on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Tachardiaephagus somervilli was reared in the laboratory on its target host, the yellow lac scale, Tachardina aurantiaca Cockerell (Coccoidea: Kerriidae). The developmental time, survival, and sex ratio of F1 offspring from two different sources of F0 adults (field-collected F0 adults [=‘wild-caught’] and F0 adults that emerged from parasitized hosts in the laboratory [=‘laboratory-emerged’]) were compared. Sources of F0 adults did not affect the developmental time of either male or female offspring, which ranged from 23 to 25 days. Furthermore, per capita fecundity of laboratory-emerged F0 females was three times greater than wild-caught F0 females. The number of emerged F1 adults was positively related to host size. Tachardiaephagus somervilli has a short generation time relative to its female Tachardina hosts (~23 vs ~90 days), high fecundity (~16 emerged offspring per laboratory-emerged female) and can potentially complete 12–15 generations per year. This rearing protocol produced sufficient quantities of adult T. somervilli for the export and successful introduction to Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) for the biological control of invasive T. aurantiaca, with near 100% survival rates for both sexes during transit.     

Factor Affecting Sex Ratios of a Mermithid Parasite of Mosquitoes

The ratio of male to female Reesimermis nielseni Tsai and Grundmann, a nematode parasite of mosquito larvae, increased as the number of parasites per host increased. Hosts with a single nematode produced 9% males compared with essentially 100% males in hosts with more than 7 parasites; hosts with 3 nematodes produced about equal numbers of males and females. Males of R. nielseni generally emerged before females because of the earlier death of multiple-infected mosquitoes. The species of the host mosquito influenced the sex ratio, but the size of a specific host at the time of invasion did not. Host diet also had a noticeable influence on the sex ratio of the nematode: singly infected hosts from a starved population produced 92% males compared with 13% in the normally fed group. The importance of these factors in the mass rearing of R. nielseni is discussed.     

The effects of relatedness on progeny sex ratio in spider mites

Theory predicts that optimal sex allocation in subdivided populations is dependent on the genetic relatedness among competing offspring such that when relatedness is high, progeny sex allocation should be more biased than when relatedness is low. In the laboratory we compared the progeny sex ratio of four groups of five ovipositing females of various presumed degrees of relatedness (sisters of inbred laboratory population, sisters of outbred field population, non-sisters of the same field population and non-sisters each from a different, geographically distant field population). We found a greater female bias in the progeny of inbred sisters than for sisters from the field population; the progeny sex ratio was also more strongly female biased for sisters than for non-sisters from the field population. These differences in sex ratio are in line with theoretical predictions. Our results indicate that spider mites are capable of some method of discrimination between kin and non-kin.     

Sex ratio in populations of Silene otites in relation to vegetation cover,population size and fungal infection

Abstract. In contrast to populations of most dioecious Silene species (which usually are female-biased), populations of Silene otites have been frequently reported to be male-biased. We describe sex ratio variation in 34 natural S. otites populations in Central Germany in relation to vegetation cover, population size and fungal infection. The overall sex ratio was unbiased in 1994 and only slightly male-biased in 1995. Sex ratio varied among the populations from 26.6 % to 72.6 % females. The sex ratio of small populations varied strongly due to stochastic processes. Furthermore, we found that populations in habitats with high vegetation cover contained a higher percentage of females. Hermaphroditic plants, theoretically, could increase male bias as they only produce male or hermaphroditic offspring. Their frequency in the populations, however, was far too low to affect sex ratio. In 1994 12.1 % and in 1995 17.0 % of the plants were infected by the smut fungus Ustilago major. Disease incidence in the population was not related to sex ratio, suggesting equal susceptibility of males and females. The sex ratio of partially infected plants did not deviate from the population sex ratio, both under field conditions and in a greenhouse laboratory experiment. The results suggest that the frequently reported male bias in Silene otites populations is not a general pattern, but is mainly caused by environmental conditions.     

Causes and consequences of small population size for a specialist parasitoid wasp

The parasitoid wasp Cotesia melitaearum lives in extremely small extinction-prone populations in the Åland islands of southwest Finland. Intensive observational data from two generations, a laboratory competition experiment, and 8 years of survey data were used to measure the causes, extent and consequences of small population size for this parasitoid. In the spring generations of 1999 and of 2000 we observed 21 out of 23 and 26 populations respectively, ranging in size from 2 to 103 parasitoid cocoons. Within these populations the fraction of individuals surviving to adulthood decreased with increasing parasitoid population size. The largest source of mortality was predation (44%) followed by parasitism (20%) and unknown causes (10%). In the field about 30% of the host butterfly larvae are parasitized by a competing parasitoid, Hyposoter horticola. A laboratory competition experiment showed that C. melitaearum eggs died when laid in post-diapause host larvae occupied by H. horticola. Consequently one-third of the progeny of the over-wintering generation of C. melitaearum from the field die as a result of larval competition. The survey of host and parasitoid population dynamics over 8 years showed that extinction of local host butterfly populations occupied by the parasitoid was not associated with current parasitoid population size. Over the same period small parasitoid populations were more likely to become extinct than large populations. However, parasitoid population size was not related to parasitoid extinction when the host also became extinct. These data suggest that the parasitoid populations are kept small through the action of natural enemies and competitors, some of which are density dependent. Local populations are so small that they become extinct frequently and rarely measurably affect the population dynamics of their host. It is likely that this parasitoid persists in Åland because of the spatial asynchrony of local population dynamics.     

取食针叶的桃蛀螟越冬状况调查和生物学特性

结合林间调查和室内饲养,观察、记录取食针叶的桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis（Guen6e）冬状况和生物学特性。结果表明：幼虫吐丝将嫩梢针叶缀合成虫苞,以3～4龄幼虫在虫苞内越冬。松树的有虫梢率为7．6％,每梢虫数为3。16头,平均8．5头。桃蛀螟幼虫期和蛹期的死亡率总和为26．06％,雌雄性比为2：3。越冬代桃蛀螟蛹重、蛹长和蛹宽的平均值分别为75．1mg、13．42和3．39mm。成虫多在22时～8时羽化,羽化率为92．22％。成虫始盛期为5月8日,高峰期为5月11日,盛末期为5月15日。补充营养对成虫寿命有显著的影响,饲喂水、10％蜂蜜水、10％糖醋液均能提高成虫寿命。在室内用清水、10％蜂蜜水和10％糖醋液饲养,成虫寿命的差异不显著。