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普通齿蛉幼虫的游泳行为(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探究广翅目昆虫幼虫在水中的游泳能力, 以丰富其水生习性的行为学资料, 选取中国特有种普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis幼虫为研究对象, 通过室内试验对其游泳的姿势、 刺激因素、 不同龄期游泳能力及在外界刺激下的游泳行为进行了观察和测定。结果表明: 普通齿蛉幼虫有垂直、 平行、 仰面和侧面等4种游泳姿势, 出现的频率分别为89.08%, 5.49%, 4.40%和0.61%。游泳时身体呈不同程度的“S”形, 利用头部和尾部方向的改变实现虫体的上升、 下沉和游泳姿势的改变。普通齿蛉幼虫利用身体的摆动游泳, 游泳时3对足以固定的姿势靠紧身体。不同龄期的幼虫游泳能力差异很大, 6龄幼虫的游泳能力远强于2龄和末龄幼虫。在游泳时, 普通齿蛉幼虫还具有比较复杂和独特的防御行为, 如其腹部末端会喷射出化学物质。据此认为, 普通齿蛉拥有较强的游泳能力, 有助于其逃生和防御。 相似文献
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齿蛉科昆虫隶属于昆虫纲广翅目,是重要的环境指示生物.本研究调查了湘西地区的齿蛉科幼虫的分布情况,并分析了齿蛉科幼虫在不同生境类型中的多样性特征.共采集到东方齿蛉Neoneuromus orientalis、炎黄星齿蛉Protohermes xanthodes、花边星齿蛉Protohermes costalis和中华斑鱼Neochauliodes sinensis4种齿蛉科幼虫.东方齿蛉仅在自然保护区和自然河流分布,炎黄星齿蛉和花边星齿蛉广泛分布于各种流水生境类型,中华斑鱼蛉除在各种流水生境类型中分布外,在静水的小型水库也有分布.自然河流的齿蛉科幼虫多样性指数H'最高,其余由高到低依次为自然保护区、旅游景区、自然溪沟和农业区;丰富度指数R趋势与H'指数相似,但农业区R指数高于旅游景区.本研究表明,不同种类齿蛉科幼虫在湘西地区的分布情况存在差异,自然条件优越的生境类型中齿蛉幼虫多样性指数较高. 相似文献
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星齿蛉属Protohermes隶属于广翅目Megaloptera齿蛉科Corydalidae,是一类原始的完全变态昆虫,幼虫水生,常作为指示生物用于水质监测。本文对湘西峒河流域两种星齿蛉幼虫进行了分子鉴定和体表呼吸结构观测。结果表明两种星齿蛉幼虫COⅠ基因序列分别与花边星齿蛉Protohermes costalis和炎黄星齿蛉Protohermes xanthodes同源性较高;遗传距离分析和系统发育分析进一步证实两种星齿蛉幼虫分别属于花边星齿蛉和炎黄星齿蛉,分子鉴定结果与成虫形态鉴定结果一致。花边星齿蛉和炎黄星齿蛉幼虫体表呼吸结构气门、毛簇、气管鳃和臀足侧突均与气管相连,毛簇是主要的水下呼吸结构。本研究结果为峒河流域星齿蛉昆虫资源的保护和开发利用提供了科学数据。 相似文献
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利用扫描电镜和超清显微系统观察了球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana分生孢子对普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis幼虫体表和伤口的侵染过程以及伤口恢复过程。结果表明,当普通齿蛉幼虫体表被球孢白僵菌侵染后,孢子多散布于节间膜、背部褶皱、体表管状凸起和体表凹陷处及其刚毛窝附近,并在节间膜和背部褶皱、刚毛窝及体表管状凸起部位入侵。分生孢子可能直接经由芽管进入表皮,也可能形成附着胞后再入侵。正常试虫接菌后48 h反应迟钝,72~120 h后开始死亡,96~120 h后死亡率达到83.33%;带有伤口的试虫接菌后症状与正常试虫基本相同,但死亡数量的高峰提前约12 h。研究结果对降低普通齿蛉人工养殖过程中因球孢白僵菌侵染而造成的死亡提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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[目的]为评价普通草蛉Chrysoperla carnea幼虫对麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum和麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae的捕食反应和选择偏好,以明确普通草蛉幼虫对这2种蚜虫的控害能力.[方法]室内设置不同密度的麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜,统计普通草蛉2龄和3龄幼虫对2种猎物的捕食量,研究普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的捕食功能反应和搜寻效应.[结果]相同猎物密度下,普通草蛉2龄、3龄幼虫对麦二叉蚜的捕食量均低于麦长管蚜且存在显著性差异,对2种小麦蚜虫的捕食功能反应均拟合Holling Ⅱ功能反应模型和Holling Ⅲ功能反应新模型.3龄幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的瞬时攻击率分别为1.089和1.106,大于2龄幼虫对猎物的瞬时攻击率,同一龄期草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜的瞬时攻击率及日最大捕食量大于麦二叉蚜,2龄和3龄幼虫对麦长管蚜的处理时间为0.005 d和0.004 d,均小于对麦二叉蚜的处理时间.普通草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜的最佳寻找密度高于麦二叉蚜,其中2龄普通草蛉幼虫捕食麦长管蚜的最佳寻找密度最高,为39.200.普通草蛉幼虫对小麦蚜虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度增加而降低,对麦长管蚜的搜寻效应高于麦二叉蚜,麦长管蚜搜寻效应的下降趋势大于麦二叉蚜.[结论]普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜有较大的控害潜能,对于麦长管蚜的取食及控制能力高于麦二叉蚜. 相似文献
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美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea Drury是我国重要的林业检疫性害虫之一,世界范围内寄主多达600余种,对我国林业生产和生态环境建设造成了巨大损失。明确美国白蛾幼虫消化道各部分的形态结构,可为进一步研究其幼虫的食性及消化机能奠定基础。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜观察了美国白蛾6龄幼虫消化道形态及超微结构。美国白蛾幼虫的消化道由前肠、中肠、后肠组成。前肠是消化道最长的部分,占整个消化道的54.27%,包括咽、食道、嗉囊、前胃四部分;中肠较短,占整个消化道的21.28%,内部具围食膜;后肠由幽门、回肠、结肠和直肠组成,幽门由幽门锥和幽门瓣组成。马氏管共6条,丝腺2条。美国白蛾幼虫消化道总体结构大部分鳞翅目消化道结构相似,但是其前肠在长度上发生了较大的变异,本文进一步讨论了美国白蛾幼虫消化道结构与其食性及耐饥饿能力等的相关性。 相似文献
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研究了普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás幼虫的呼吸系统及其呼吸行为。结果表明:普通齿蛉幼虫为全气门式(10对气门)呼吸系统,前中胸、中后胸之间、腹部8节各有1对气门,腹部8节各有气管鳃1对,前6对细短,管状,有较短绒毛,后2对气管鳃较粗长,呈羽毛状。腹部1~7节各有1对毛簇,第8腹节无毛簇。侧纵干气管较粗,4束,自前胸前缘部分成左右2组,每组两根侧纵干气管,向胸腹部延伸,二级气管分别伸达各个气门和毛簇,腹部每节由毛簇处的二级气管分支而来的三级气管相连或延伸至消化道等处。气管鳃中无气管。有毛簇呼吸、气门呼吸和体壁呼吸3种呼吸方式,在水中以毛簇呼吸为主,在陆上进行气门呼吸和体壁呼吸。 相似文献
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基于近3年意大利佛罗伦萨大学与越南国家自然博物馆联合考察采集的标本,记述越南北部齿蛉科4属18种,包括6个越南新记录种:普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás,1932、东方齿蛉N.orientalis Liu&Yang,2004、锡金齿蛉N.sikkimensis(van der Weele,1907)、广西星齿蛉Protohermesguangxiensis Yang&Yang,1986、台湾斑鱼蛉Neochauliodes formosanus(Okamoto,1910)和污翅斑鱼蛉N.fraternus(McLachlan,1869)。 相似文献
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本文比较了不同发育阶段黑水虻Hermetia illucens消化道的形态学差异,掌握了幼虫消化系统的组织学特征。利用体视镜观察黑水虻5龄幼虫、预蛹及成虫的消化道形态,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察幼虫消化道各段(前肠、中肠、后肠)的显微及超微结构。结果表明:黑水虻幼虫及预蛹的消化道均由前肠(食道和前胃)、中肠及后肠组成,从幼虫到成虫,消化道的长度不断缩短。与幼虫和预蛹相比,成虫消化道形态变化明显,前胃消失,出现了嗉囊及胃盲囊,中肠进一步缩短,后肠分化为回肠、结肠和直肠。组织学观察结果显示,幼虫的唾液腺开口于口腔,由膨大的管状腺体和腺管组成。食道由特化为角质刺突的内膜层及发达的肌层组成,其末端延伸至前胃。前胃膨大为球状,包括三层组织结构。根据上皮细胞形态的差异,中肠可分为四个区段。后肠薄,肠腔内褶丰富,肠壁可见数量较多的杆状细菌。马氏管开口于中、后肠交界处,包括4支盲管,管内壁密布微绒毛。黑水虻消化道形态随发育阶段的变化,反映了各阶段摄食及消化生理的差异。幼虫消化道各段具有各自典型的组织学特征,其前、中、后肠可能分别承担了食物接纳与初步消化、消化与吸收以及重吸收功能。本研究结果为进一步了... 相似文献
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Characterization of the alimentary canal of the aphidophagous ladybird,Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): anatomical and histological approaches
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Isabel Borges Marlene Nóia Ricardo Camarinho Armindo S. Rodrigues António O. Soares 《Entomological Science》2015,18(1):66-73
The alimentary canal of the two‐spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) presents the foregut (stomodeum), the midgut (mesenteron) and the hindgut (proctodeum). The shortest region is the foregut and the longest is the midgut. The relative proportions of the main regions were found to be similar for males and females. In the foregut it was possible to distinguish the pharynx, the esophagus and the proventriculus but no crop. The hindgut is composed of the ileum, rectum and rectal canal. Generally the organ width is similar for males and females, but females presented a wider proventriculus. The epithelium of the foregut varied from squamous to simple cuboidal and columnar. In the midgut the epithelium is simple columnar with goblet and regenerative cells. The epithelium of the hindgut varied from simple cuboidal to squamous. Females presented thicker midgut epithelium whereas males presented thicker epithelium in the esophagus. The anatomy of the alimentary canal of A. bipunctata seems to conform to its carnivorous and recent phylogenetic status within the family Coccinellidae. 相似文献
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采用体视显微和扫描电镜技术研究光滑足距小蠹Xylosandrus germanus(Blandford)消化道的解剖结构。结果表明,光滑足距小蠹消化道由前肠、中肠和后肠三部分组成。成虫前胃由8个骨化的前胃板组成,呈灯笼状结构。前胃板由板状部和片状部组成,板状部短而简单,片状部甚长,由斜面、咀嚼刷和关闭刚毛组成。胃盲囊着生在中肠近后端,有细管状和囊状2种,成虫分别有1对,幼虫有1对细管状和3~5对囊状。6根马氏管分成2组,1组4根,另一组2根。6根马氏管与后肠肠壁形成隐肾系统。消化道具有1对囊状和1对细管状的胃盲囊可作为光滑足距小蠹成虫的识别特征。 相似文献
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The functional morphology of the alimentary canal of copepodite and chalimus stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) is described and compared with that found in other copepods studied to date.
The buccal cavity passes into a gut comprising three major regions: foregut (oesophagus), midgut and hindgut. The foregut and hindgut both posscss a cuticular lining whereas the midgut is lined with specialized epithelial cells. The midgut is divided into three recognizable zones, namely anterior midgut caecum, anterior midgut and posterior midgut. Three main types of epithelial cell are recognizable in the midgut: vesicular cells, microvillous cells and basal cells which correspond to the cell types normally described in other parasitic and free-living copepod species.
Digestion is thought to occur in the midgut and be mediated by the epithelial cells that line it. Although several glands appear to discharge into the area of the buccal cavity, none was seen to interface to any other area of the gut. There was no evidence for the involvement of commensal gut bacteria in food digestion. 相似文献
The buccal cavity passes into a gut comprising three major regions: foregut (oesophagus), midgut and hindgut. The foregut and hindgut both posscss a cuticular lining whereas the midgut is lined with specialized epithelial cells. The midgut is divided into three recognizable zones, namely anterior midgut caecum, anterior midgut and posterior midgut. Three main types of epithelial cell are recognizable in the midgut: vesicular cells, microvillous cells and basal cells which correspond to the cell types normally described in other parasitic and free-living copepod species.
Digestion is thought to occur in the midgut and be mediated by the epithelial cells that line it. Although several glands appear to discharge into the area of the buccal cavity, none was seen to interface to any other area of the gut. There was no evidence for the involvement of commensal gut bacteria in food digestion. 相似文献
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R. P. Briggs 《Journal of Zoology》1977,182(3):353-368
Light and electron microscopy has shown the alimentary canal of Paranthessius to be composed of clearly defined foregut, midgut and hindgut regions. The spacious foregut is cuticle-lined and separated from the midgut by a valve. The midgut epithelium is composed of columnar cells with an apparent secretary/absorptive rôle, and amoeboid cells thought to engulf material from the lumen. The amoeboid cells have large electron-dense central vacuoles containing carbohydrate-and protein-staining material. These cells appear to be sloughed off into the lumen to form part of a faecal pellet. Apart from their digestive rôle the midgut cells store lipid and it is considered possible that they have an osmoregulatory function. The hindgut epithelium cell type, lacks a cuticular layer and is thought to be mainly concerned with absorption. The alimentary canal is surrounded by strands of longitudinal and circular muscle. 相似文献
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The alimentary canal of Daphnia pulex consists of a tube-shaped foregut, a midgut (mesenteron) with an anterior pair of small diverticula, and a short hindgut. The foregut and hindgut are structurally similar. Each is formed by a low cuboidal epithelium 5 mum tall and lined with a chitinous intima. The midgut wall consists of a simple epithelium resting on a thick beaded basal lamina which is surrounded by a spiraling muscularis. Anteriorly the midgut cells are columnar in shape being 30 mum in height each having a basal nucleus, anteriorly concentrated mitochondria and in apical border of long thin microvilli. Posteriorly the midgut cells become progressively shorter so that in the posteriormost region of the midgut the cells are 5 mum tall and cuboidal in shape. The microvilli concomitantly become shorter and thicker. All mesenteron cells contain the usual cytoplasmic organelles. The paired digestive diverticula are simple evaginations of the midgut. The wall of each consists of a simple epithelium of cuboidal cells 25 mum in height, each with a brushed border of long thin microvilli. Enzyme secretion appears to be holocrine in mode and not confined to any one region of the mesenteron though definitely polarized anteriorly. The thin gut muscularis encircles the entire length of the midgut and caeca. Thick and thin filaments appear to be in a 6:1 ratio. 相似文献
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太白蝎蛉消化道形态学与组织学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜, 在形态学和组织学水平上研究了太白蝎蛉Panorpa obtusa Cheng成虫消化道的结构。结果表明: 蝎蛉消化道由前肠、中肠、和后肠组成。前肠包括咽喉、食道、和前胃, 但没有嗉囊,其中咽喉可分为骨化的前咽和附着扩肌的后咽(咽喉唧筒); 前胃壁很厚,内膜上长有许多排列整齐、紧密的棕色胃刺,司过滤、暂时储存和磨碎食物的功能; 前肠末端有6个贲门瓣伸入中肠。中肠较长且膨大,其肠壁细胞由柱状细胞和再生细胞组成; 肠壁细胞外分别为环肌和纵肌,无胃盲囊,也未观察到围食膜。6根棕红色的马氏管位于中、 后肠分界处。后肠分为不对称的“V”字型回肠、环状结肠、以及膨大透明的直肠, 直肠内壁上有6个交替排列的直肠垫。最后简要讨论了蝎蛉消化道的结构与功能,及其在蝎蛉科昆虫分类中的意义。 相似文献