Les flavonoides des feuilles du Phragmites australis: essai de définition du profil polyphénolique de l'espéce

Four flavonol glycosides, one flavone glycoside and six C-glyosylflavones have been identified in the leaves of Phragmites australis. Among the latter is 7,3′-dimethylisoorientin, which has only been reported once before in nature.     

Flavonoids from Haplophyllum pedicellatum, H. robustum AND H. glabrinum

Haplophyllum pedicellatum, H. robustum and H. glabrinum all yielded the known compound gossypetin 8,3′-dimethyl ether 3-rutinoside. In addition the first two species afforded isorhamnetin and its 3-rutinoside. A new glycoside, gossypetin 8,3′-dimethyl ether 3-glucoside was obtained from H. pedicellatum together with the 3-malonylrutinoside, 3-malonylglucoside and 3-galactoside of isorhamnetin plus kaempferol 3-malonylglucoside. H. robustum yielded isorhamnetin 7-glucoside and 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-galactoside, while H. glabrinum was found to contain gossypetin 8-methyl ether 3-malonylrutinoside in addition to kaempferol and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside.     

The taxonomic significance of leaf flavonoids in Saccharum and related genera

A survey of 120 plants of the genera Saccharum, Erianthus, Ripidium, Miscanthus, Narenga, Sclerostachya, Imperata, of intergeneric and interspecifi     

Flavonol glycosides from the flowers of Cucurbita pepo

Two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the male flowers of Cucurbita pepo and their structures determined by UV, NMR and FDMS as rhamnazin     

A comparative study of the flavonoids of Medicago radiata with other Medicago and related Trigonella species

The flavonoid glycosides of Medicago radiata as well as M. arabica, M. polymorpha, M. sativa, Trigonella coerulescens, T. foenum-graecum and T. spicata were studied in detail. Major glycosides identified were the 7-glucuronides of apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol and tricin, as well as lesser amounts of di- and triglucuronides of chrysoeriol and tricin. Also identified were the 3-robinobioside and 3,7-diglucoside of kaempferol, along with lesser amounts of quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, 4′,7-dihydroxyflavone, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone, formononetin and daidzein. Twelve other Medicago and Trigonella species were also studied for their flavonoid aglycones. The systematic position of M. radiata is discussed.     

tRNA species in the developing grain of triticum aestivum

The level of lysyl- and prolyl-tRNA in various stages of the maturing wheat grain was measured by the aminoacylation procedure. The levels of these tRNAs changed only slightly during the maturation period. Several species of lysyl- and prolyl-tRNA were obtained from different parts of the developing grain by fractionation on benzoylated-DEAE cellulose (BD-cellulose). The embryo contained three discrete species of prolyl and at least three species of lysyl isoacceptor tRNA throughout development, whilst the tRNA obtained from the endosperm gave more complicated elution profiles on chromatography on BD-cellulose. Small changes were noted in the levels of aminoacylation of individual isoacceptor tRNA species for lysine or proline during seed maturation. However, these were insufficient to account for the changing pattern of lysine and proline in the storage protein during the development of the endosperm.     

Steroidal saponins of Asparagus curillus

Three spirostanol and two furostanol glycosides were isolated from a methanol extract of the roots of Asparagus curillus and characterized as 3-O-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1→4)- β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol, 3-O-[{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)} {α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1→4)}-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5β-spirostan- 3β-ol, 3-O-[{β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)} {α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1→4)}-β- d-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol, 3-O-[{β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)} {α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1→4)}-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl]- 22α-methoxy-(25S)-5β-furostan-3β, 26-diol and 3-O-[{β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)} {α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1→4)}-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl]- (25S)-5β-furostan-3β, 22α, 26-triol respectively.     

Steroidal saponins of Asparagus adscendens

From the methanol extract of the fruits of Asparagus adscendens sitosterol-β-d-glucoside, two spirostanol glycosides (asparanin A and B) and two furostanol glycosides (asparoside A and B) were isolated and characterized as 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol, 3-O-{[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl}-(25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol,3-O-{[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl|} -26-O-(β- d-glucopyranosyl)-22α-methoxy-(25S)-5β-furostan-3β,26-diol and 3-O-{[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl}-26-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)- 25S)-5β-furostan-3β,22α, 26-triol, respectively.     

Oligofurostanosides from Solanum nigrum

One spirostanol glycoside and two furostanol glycosides have been isolated from a methanol extract of the stems and roots of Solanum nigrum and ide     

Flavonoid glycosides of Tribulus pentandrus and T. Terrestris

Twenty-five flavonoid glycosides were detected in Tribulus pentandrus and T. terrestris. The glycosides belong to the common flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin, with the 3-gentiobiosides as the major glycosides. Traces of a flavone (tricin) glycoside was also present in T. pentandrus. The separation of Tribulaceae as a distinct family from Zygophyllaceae is discussed.     

Die flavonolglykoside von Equisetum silvaticum

Ten glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin, including the hitherto unknown kaempferol and quercetin 3-rutinoside-7-rhamnosides, have been isolated from Equisetum silvaticum L.     

湿地芦苇根结合好气细菌群落时空分布及其与水质因子的关系

再生水作为河湖补充水已经成为再生水应用及城市水生态环境改善的重要方面,但是再生水富含营养元素极易导致水体富营养化.湿地微生物作为再生水净化的主要参与者在再生水净化及再生水补水湿地水生态恢复方面发挥重要作用.以北京奥林匹克公园再生水人工湿地净化系统为例,利用ARDRA技术分析湿地净化系统中芦苇根结合好气细菌群落结构的时空分布特征,并借助CCA排序的方法揭示根结合好气芦苇细菌群落结构与水环境因子的关系.结果表明:人工湿地净化系统芦苇根结合好气细菌群落结构季节差异明显,夏季较秋季细菌群落密度增加,群落多样性增高,均匀度增大;与秋季相比,夏季净化系统各处理区细菌群落结构差异较大即各处理区好气细菌优势类群变异较大,偶见类群频度较高,而秋季净化系统中各处理区优势类群趋同,偶见类群频度较低.无论夏季还是秋季空间变异规律均表现为潜流湿地较氧化塘更有利于微生物群落密度增高及细菌群落多样性增加,其季节变异较氧化塘更为显著;与循环水处理湿地相比,再生水处理湿地受进水水质的特有属性影响,具有最高群落密度与群落多样性.环境解释结果表明:芦苇根结合好气细菌类群OTU1、OTU28在净化系统中具较稳定的丰度,是一些生态幅度比较广泛的种属,受水质变量影响较小,在细菌群落的物质和能量代谢中起重要作用,对人工湿地净化系统稳定性具重要贡献.水质变量NH4+、TN、ORP、TP是芦苇根结合好气细菌群落结构季节差异的驱动因子,水质变量NO3-、TDS、pH、Sal则是导致夏季细菌群落结构空间差异的关键因子.     

Degradation of [β-14C]hordenine in Hordeum vulgare plants

[β-¹⁴C]Hordenine is ultimately degraded by intact plants of Hordeum vulgare to C₆-C₁ intermediates that are incorporated into polymeric material.     

A quantitative variation in the flavonoids and phenolics of some Casuarina species

The flavonoids and phenolics of four Casuarina species were studied. Fourteen glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin, cupressuflavone, condensed and hydrolysable tannins were identified. The results indicate that C. cunninghamiana, C. glauca and C. stricta are closely related while C. equisetifolia differs mainly quantitatively from the other three.     

Amino acids in Hordeum distichon and Panicum miliaceum grown in sand culture

In comparison with barley, Proso millet was characterized by high levels of alanine and glutamic acid in the leaf free amino acid fraction. In both species, analyses of root amino acids and xylem exudates suggest the existence of specific mechanisms for the transfer of certain amino acids into the xylem vessels.     

Hemicelluloses of young internodes of Arundo donax

An arabino 4-O-methyl glucurono xylan has been isolated as the dominant form of the hemicellulosic material of the youngest internodes of Arundo donax. The polysaccharide contained d-glucose, d-xylose and l-arabinose in the molar ratios of 0·1:9·2:0·66, respectively, with a uronic acid content of 4·5%. Methylation and periodate-oxidation showed that the xylan has a β-1 → 4-linked xylose backbone and a degree of polymerization ca. 63. The xylan is very similar to that found in the mature tissues.     

Biosynthetic relationship of citral-trans and citral-cis in cymbopogon flexuosus (lemongrass)

Use of [¹⁴C,³H]-labelled precursors revealed that leaf blades of Cymbopogon flexuosus converted geraniol (3,7-dimethylocta-trans-2,6-diene-1-ol) into citral-trans with loss of pro-(1S) hydrogen whereas nerol lost the pro-(1R) hydrogen while being converted into citral-cis. Secondly, the citral-trans is converted into citral-cis and vice versa and there is no separate route for the biosynthesis of either of the two aldehyde isomers.     

Peroxidase isoenzymes of the Avena coleoptile

The bulk of the peroxidases of Avena coleoptile sections exist in soluble and salt-extractable, wall-associated fractions with lesser amounts in membranous and wall-bound fractions. In the presence of auxin the peroxidase levels remain nearly constant while in the absence of auxin the peroxidase of each fraction increases 2-to 6-fold in 22 hr. There are qualitative and quantitative changes in the isoenzyme patterns with time, but these changes are independent of auxin. It is concluded that the peroxidase changes are induced by isolation of the tissues from the coleoptile and are unrelated to the growth rate.     

Steroidal saponins of Yucca filamentosa: Yuccoside C and protoyuccoside C

Two new saponins, yuccoside C and protoyuccoside C, have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Yucca filamentosa root and their structures elucidated. Yuccoside C is 3-O-[α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol, whereas protoyuccoside C is 3-O-[α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-d-glucopyranosy]-(25S)-5β-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol.     

The pentacyclic triterpene Esters and the free,esterified and glycosylated sterols of Sorghum vulgare grain

The free, esterified and glycosylated sterols and triterpene esters of Sorghum vulgare grains were analysed by GLC. 4-Demethylsterols were found free, esterified and glycosidated. 4-Monomethyl-sterols were found completely free whilst the triterpenes were completely esterified. Three quarters of the total sterols in the grain were located in the embryo whilst the triterpenes were equally distributed between the embryo and endosperm.