海南龙血树的组织培养

1植物名称海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana). 2材料类别幼嫩茎段. 3培养条件(1)诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.5 Ad(腺嘌呤)40;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 NAA 0.5 Ad 0.4;(3)分化壮苗培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 NAA 0.1 Ad 40 AC(活性碳)1 g·L-1;(4)生根培养基:MS NAA 0.3 AC 1 g·L-1.以上培养基均添加30 g·L-1蔗糖、5.8g·L-1卡拉胶,pH 6.0.培养温度26～28℃,光照时间8～10 h·d-1,光照度1500～2000 1x.     

海南产温莪术的形态组织学研究

采用植物解剖学和显微拍照等技术,分析海南产温莪术Curcuma wenyujin的形态组织学特征。对温州原种及海南产1代、2代温莪术的形态组织学比较发现,海南产温莪术与温州产温莪术的组织结构基本一致,均符合《中国药典》2015年版性状和显微鉴别的要求;海南产2代温莪术的油细胞密度高于温州产温莪术。     

海南龙血树离体快速繁殖

以3月龄高约25cm的海南龙血树为基本材料,以茎节纵切块为外植体,在改良MS 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L培养基中培养1个月后萌芽率为78.6%。萌芽在MS 6-BA1.5mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基中连续两次继代培养,2个月后芽增殖倍数为2.9。丛芽及单芽都在MS 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基中进行培养,1个月后丛芽的单芽增殖倍数为4.6,单芽增殖倍数为0.8。萌芽放入MS(改良) NAA0.2mg/L培养基中进行培养,生根率为100%,移栽成活率为100%。     

海南龙血树野生资源分布及其与水热关系的分析

在全面调查海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)野生资源地理分布的基础上,用温度指数、湿度指数等气候指标分析了海南龙血树野生资源地理分布与气候因子间的关系。结果表明,海南龙血树野生资源在中国仅分布于海南岛西南部山区及南部沿海地区,水平分布于108°42′40.9″~110°27′36.8″E,18°14′27″~19°20′28.5″N,垂直分布范围为0~900 m,仅发现10个现存分布点;海南龙血树属于热带雨林、季雨林小乔木状植物,具有强耐旱、喜阳和喜钙等生态习性,其分布区的绝大部分水热因子是其分布的主要限制因子。主成分分析表明,影响海南龙血树地理分布的主要水热指标的排序为热量因子>降水因子>湿度因子。根据野生居群的生境特点,我们推测水分和光照强度可能是影响海南龙血树种子萌发率或幼苗成活率的重要因子。     

海南龙血树RAPD-PCR反应体系的优化

采用单因子试验和正交试验设计,对影响海南龙血树RAPD-PCR反应的模板DNA量、Mg2+、dNTP和引物浓度,Taq聚合酶用量等因子进行研究,分析各因子对RAPD-PCR扩增结果的影响,确立了海南龙血树RAPD-PCR反应的最佳条件,即在25 μL反应体系中,包含10×buffer 2.5 μL,2.0 mmol/L...     

海南龙血树种群的年龄结构及分布格局

通过调查石灰岩及花岗岩两种不同生境样地内海南龙血树分布和胸径/基径情况,分析其龄级结构,用相邻格子法对海南龙血树进行每木调查,并采用方差/均值比率法和丛生指数(I)、负二项参数(K)、平均拥挤度(m*)、聚块性指数(PAI)、聚集指数(Ca)等聚集强度指数对海南龙血树种群分布格局进行分析。结果表明:石灰岩及花岗岩样地内的海南龙血树种群皆呈衰退型,其中天安乡、江边乡两样地种群的幼苗储备不足,昌化镇及东澳镇两地的中龄级植株数量稀少,大小洞天样地的种群年龄结构不完整;石灰岩样地内的海南龙血树种群在不同尺度、不同阶段上主要表现为集群分布,花岗岩地区种群的不同组分在不同取样尺度上分布格局相同,幼龄树、中龄树、老龄树的分布格局分别为集群分布、均匀分布、集群分布。     

海南龙血树种群的年龄结构及分布格局

通过调查石灰岩及花岗岩两种不同生境样地内海南龙血树分布和胸径/基径情况,分析其龄级结构,用相邻格子法对海南龙血树进行每木调查,并采用方差/均值比率法和丛生指数(I)、负二项参数(K)、平均拥挤度(m*)、聚块性指数(PAI)、聚集指数(Ca)等聚集强度指数对海南龙血树种群分布格局进行分析。结果表明:石灰岩及花岗岩样地内的海南龙血树种群皆呈衰退型,其中天安乡、江边乡两样地种群的幼苗储备不足,昌化镇及东澳镇两地的中龄级植株数量稀少,大小洞天样地的种群年龄结构不完整;石灰岩样地内的海南龙血树种群在不同尺度、不同阶段上主要表现为集群分布,花岗岩地区种群的不同组分在不同取样尺度上分布格局相同,幼龄树、中龄树、老龄树的分布格局分别为集群分布、均匀分布、集群分布。     

濒危植物海南龙血树的种群结构与动态

了解种群的生存现状与动态趋势对濒危植物的保护至关重要。为了更好地保护濒危海南龙血树种群,对海南岛不同生境的11个海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)种群进行了调查;并利用个体基径数据建立各种群的年龄结构和静态生命表,得到种群年龄结构动态指数,绘制种群存活曲线和生存函数曲线,从而获得海南龙血树的种群结构与动态。结果表明:海南龙血树种群年龄结构与种群所处的生境关系密切,海边的NS和YL种群结构为衰退型,LN和CH居群为稳定型,而非海边种群为增长型,没有老龄个体;11个种群中,EXL种群显示出最高的增长趋势和最好的种群稳定性,NS和YL种群稳定性最差,种群抗干扰能力极低;11个种群的存活曲线均属于Deevey-Ⅰ型,但生存函数分析显示海南龙血树种群生活史早期和晚期脆弱,中期稳定,这表明海南龙血树种群所处的生境更适合成年个体生存,现有的生境对幼龄个体的环境筛作用较强。海南龙血树属于退偿物种,针对其种群的生存现状,应采取多种方法相结合的方式进行保护与复壮。     

海南龙血树DNA提取与ISSR反应体系的优化

目的:从海南龙血树叶片巾提取出高质量的总DNA,建立与优化海南龙血树ISSR的反应体系.方法:采用4种DNA提取方法,提取海南龙血树叶片中的总DNA,并对DNA进行紫外和电泳检测.采用改良CTAB法提取了基因组DNA模板,对海南龙血树ISSR-PCR反应体系中各个主要影响因子进行了优化和筛选.结果:改良CTAB法提取的DNA A260/A260在1.7～1.9之间,纯度高、杂质少、DNA完整性好.根据PCR产物的琼脂精凝胶检测结果,由试验得到的最佳反应体系为:60ng模板DNA,1.5mmol/L Mg2+,0.25mmol/L dNTPs,1.0μmol/L引物,1U Taq酶,总体积为20μl.结论:改良CTAB法可以从海南龙血树叶片中提取高质最DNA,该反应体系适用于应用ISSR标记开展海南龙血树DNA指纹、遗传多样性等研究.     

化学诱导龙血树产生血竭的初步研究

血竭是一种名贵的传统中药,疗效显著,资源稀缺。人工种植龙血树并诱导龙血树产生血竭是解决血竭原料短缺的根本途径。以柬埔寨龙血树为材料,采用26种具有诱导其他植物增加抗性能力的化合物分别接入龙血树进行诱导生产血竭。结果表明:草酸、赤霉素、硫酸锌、芸苔素内酯、硝酸镁、5-硝基愈创木酚酸钠、2-硝基苯酚钠、盐酸、硫代硫酸钠、白氨酸、激动素、IAM、草酸钠、4-硝基苯酚钠、复硝酚钠和水杨酸等16种化合物能增产血竭;增产率达到100%以上的化合物有:1%的硫酸锌,1%的草酸,5 mg·L-1的赤霉素,0.1%硝酸镁,0.1%4-硝基苯酚钠;1%的草酸增产率214%,为最高,其次是5 mg·L-1的赤霉素,增产率为157%;生长素和赤霉素混合使用增产率为183%。     

海南龙血树种群生境及自然更新能力调查

对海南岛海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep)生境、人为破坏情况和自然更新能力进行了调查与分析,探讨了其濒危原因。结果表明,海南龙血树属典型的岩石伴生型植物,主要分布在高温少雨地区,常生长在陡峭且裸露的花岗岩或石灰岩的石缝残积土中,或紧贴石壁生长于砂壤土中,其伴生树种以小乔木或灌木为主;由于无节制采挖和生境破坏,海南龙血树野生资源数量已十分有限。自然条件下海南龙血树的更新方式有种子更新、根蘖更新和桩蘖更新,但现有生境条件下无论何种更新方式均无法有效地实现种群的扩大和更新。可见,原生境破坏和无节制采挖是海南龙血树濒危的外因,"濒危生境"造成种子无法萌发或幼苗生长失败,导致种群无法实现自然更新是内因和主要原因。     

海南龙血树ISSR-PCR反应体系建立与有效引物筛选

采用单因子试验与正交试验的方法,研究了海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep)ISSR-PCR反应体系中的主要影响因子,筛选出16条有效引物并优化了它们的退火温度,此外还检测了体系的重复性.优化后的25μL反应体系包含:10×PCR buffer 2.5 μL,3.0 mm...     

Low genetic diversity and local adaptive divergence of Dracaena cambodiana (Liliaceae) populations associated with historical population bottlenecks and natural selection: an endangered long‐lived tree endemic to Hainan Island,China

Historical population bottlenecks and natural selection have important effects on the current genetic diversity and structure of long‐lived trees. Dracaena cambodiana is an endangered, long‐lived tree endemic to Hainan Island, China. Our field investigations showed that only 10 populations remain on Hainan Island and that almost all have been seriously isolated and grow in distinct habitats. A considerable amount of genetic variation at the species level, but little variation at the population level, and a high level of genetic differentiation among the populations with limited gene flow in D. cambodiana were detected using inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. No significant correlation was found between genetic diversity and actual population size, as the genetic diversities were similar regardless of population size. The Mantel test revealed that there was no correlation between genetic and geographic distances among the 10 populations. The UPGMA, PCoA and Bayesian analyses showed that local adaptive divergence has occurred among the D. cambodiana populations, which was further supported by habitat‐private fragments. We suggest that the current genetic diversity and population differentiation of D. cambodiana resulted from historical population bottlenecks and natural selection followed by historical isolation. However, the lack of natural regeneration of D. cambodiana indicates that former local adaptations with low genetic diversity may have been genetically weak and are unable to adapt to the current ecological environments.     

云南龙血树属(龙舌兰科)一新种——深脉龙血树

描述了龙血树属Dracaena一新种--深脉龙血树D. impressivenia Y. H. Yan &; H. J. Guo, 并绘了线图。该种产于中国云南盈江县, 与矮龙血树D. terniflora Roxb.叶形相似, 但侧脉深陷, 总状花序上具许多每6-9朵簇生的花, 苞片暗红色, 花被伸直, 长3-3.5 cm, 可与后者明显区别。     

Current and future potential distributions of three Dracaena Vand. ex L. species under two contrasting climate change scenarios in Africa

Forest undergrowth plants are tightly connected with the shady and humid conditions that occur under the canopy of tropical forests. However, projected climatic changes, such as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, negatively affect understory environments by promoting light‐demanding and drought‐tolerant species. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the influence of climate change on the spatial distribution of three selected forest undergrowth plants, Dracaena Vand. ex L. species, D. afromontana Mildbr., D. camerooniana Baker, and D. surculosa Lindl., simultaneously creating the most comprehensive location database for these species to date. A total of 1,223 herbarium records originating from tropical Africa and derived from 93 herbarium collections worldwide have been gathered, validated, and entered into a database. Species‐specific Maxent species distribution models (SDMs) based on 11 bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database were developed for the species. HadGEM2‐ES projections of bioclimatic variables in two contrasting representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, were used to quantify the changes in future potential species distribution. D. afromontana is mostly sensitive to temperature in the wettest month, and its potential geographical range is predicted to decrease (up to ?63.7% at RCP8.5). Optimum conditions for D. camerooniana are low diurnal temperature range (6–8°C) and precipitation in the wettest season exceeding 750 mm. The extent of this species will also decrease, but not as drastically as that of D. afromontana. D. surculosa prefers high precipitation in the coldest months. Its potential habitat area is predicted to increase in the future and to expand toward the east. This study developed SDMs and estimated current and future (year 2050) potential distributions of the forest undergrowth Dracaena species. D. afromontana, naturally associated with mountainous plant communities, was the most sensitive to predicted climate warming. In contrast, D. surculosa was predicted to extend its geographical range, regardless of the climate change scenario.