疣粒野生稻胚性悬浮细胞系的建立及其原生质体的培养和植株再生

云南疣粒野生稻的成熟种子经55℃温度处理3d打破休眠后,在诱导培养基上诱导出愈伤组织。挑选胚性愈伤组织置于液体培养基中振荡培养,经3个月的继代培养,建立胚性细胞悬浮系。悬浮细胞经酶解、去壁后获得大量原生质体,固体包埋后添加液体培养基进行原生质体培养。在培养过程中调节培养体系的渗透压,获得小愈伤组织;经增殖后在分化培养基上诱导产生胚状体,成功得到疣粒野生稻的原生质体再生植株。     

肺炎克雷伯氏菌VBNC状态转化突变株的筛选与特性研究

采用双亲本接合法对从文山湖富营养化水体中分离得到肺炎克雷伯氏菌进行Tn5转座子插入诱变,在含四环素和卡那霉素的LB培养基上获得接合子,利用饥饿冷冻高渗透压法对接合子进行细菌VBNC状态转化突变株的筛选和特性的研究。结果表明,带有卡那霉素基因的Tn5成功地插入到了肺炎克雷伯氏菌的染色体中,在双抗性培养基上获得约2.3×104 cell/mL的接合子,转座效率为6.58×10-4。对多个接合子和对照肺炎克雷伯氏菌的诱导、筛选及比较,发现KPQT-7是最快进入VBNC状态的突变株,该突变株在胁迫诱导9d后超过30%的细胞都进入了VBNC状态,而对照的肺炎克雷伯氏菌至少要在诱导21d后才大部分进入VBNC状态。在此基础上,对VBNC转化突变株KPQT-7作进一步的遗传学分析将会为细菌VBNC状态分子机理的研究奠定坚实的基础。     

电诱导酵母属与短梗霉属属间融合的研究

本文报道了经GH一401 型电诱导细胞融合、基因转移仪诱导实现的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae NK491) 与出芽短梗霉 (Aureobasidium pullulans NKB93—0061eu)的原生质体电诱导融合。在融合小罐中用3个强度为11 Kv／cm,时程为10μs的高压电脉冲处理原生质体,获得的融合子营养互补的融合频率为5.8×10^-5。在选择培养基上连续传代10次,然后在完全培养基上传代20次,最终得到4株稳定的融台子。融合子的细胞形态、大小、核的DNA含量以及酒精发酵等特性的观察和测定表明,4株融合子与双亲均有明显差异。实验结果表明,电诱导原生质体融台对酵母菌的属间融合是一种行之有效的方法,具有较高的融合频率。     

芽孢杆菌和欧文氏菌的原生质体融合的研究

采用原生质体融合技术对带有链霉素标记的芽孢杆菌B12 13 2 和带有红霉素标记的欧文氏菌E2 6 2 3 进行原生质体融合。采用选择性及非选择性培养基对融合子进行 10次重复性传代试验后 ,获得稳定的融合子 2 84株 ,经重复性苎麻脱胶试验 ,从中获得 6株脱胶效果较好的融合子。     

真菌细胞溶壁酶的产酶培养和应用效果

从土样中分离的７１株木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ｓｐ．）筛选出一株分解几丁质和葡聚糖能力较强的菌株。该菌株在麸皮、稻草粉、硫酸铵和诱导物为主成份的固体培养基上,经过２５℃、８４ｈ的培养,产生较高的真菌细胞溶壁酶,能溶解酵母、毛霉、黑曲霉及食用菌等丝状菌丝体的细胞壁,形成原生质体,经选用酵母、毛霉等进行原生质体再生,效果较优。     

冬小麦原生质体培养的胚状体直接发生

冬小麦品种“京花一号”胚性愈伤组织在改良的N₆培养基(NBD培养基)上继代得到易碎型胚性愈伤组织,转入改良MS液体培养基(MSDL培养基)后得到胚性悬浮系,分离的原生质体在改良的MS培养基(MSDP培养基)上培养,再生细胞直接产生体细胞胚胎,并再生出完整植株。体细胞胚胎形成过程与小麦合子胚的形成过程十分相似。     

多变小冠花(豆科牧草)原生质体和外植体胚状体的形成和植株的再生

EM-5游离大量的多变小冠花实生苗子叶原生质体。Kao的原生质体培养基使子叶原生质体分裂形成细胞团。MSD_4诱导多变小冠花原生质体愈伤组织产生胚状体、苗和植株的分化。MS-1诱导多变小冠花实生苗根、下胚轴和子叶愈伤组织的形成,胚状体、苗和值株的分化。根愈伤组织胚状体形成的频率(60%)高于子叶和下胚轴的(<23%)。组织切片的观察表明多变小冠花原生质体植株的再生通过胚状体形成的途径。     

利用原生质体融合技术提高黑曲霉产酶活力的研究

以黑曲霉Ｎ３４３和ＵＶ—１１为出发株,分别经亚硝酸诱变处理,再以制霉菌素浓缩处理,从中筛得３株维生素缺陷型和１株氨基酸缺陷型的突变株。选取来自Ｎ３４３的突变株ＮＢ_３（Ｂ_１^－,ＰＰ^－,ＦＡ^－）和来自ＵＶ—１１的突变株ＵＢＩ（Ｐｒｏ^－）为融合亲本,在研究其原生质体释放和再牛条件的基础上,以ＰＥＧ诱导进行了原生质体融合。用直接选择法检出９８个融合子,经过筛选得到两株稳定的融合子：Ｆ     

酵母菌属间原生质体融合获得能发酵乳糖生产酒精的融合体

本文报道了用聚乙二醇(PEG)诱导酿酒酵母 （Saccharomyces cerecisiae)和乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)属间原生质体融合。融合体的细胞体积约为两亲株之和;融合体的DNA含量约为亲株的两倍;融合体具有双亲株的遗传标记。融合体不仅能发酵葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、棉子糖和蜜二糖,而且也能发酵乳糖。在以乳糖为碳源的培养基中,融合体的发酵力是亲株乳酸克鲁维酵母的两倍多;在以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基中,融合体与亲株酿酒酵母的发酵力接近。     

兴安落叶松胚性愈伤组织诱导影响因子的研究

以成熟和未成熟合子胚为外植体,研究影响兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）胚性愈伤组织诱导的几种主要因子。结果表明兴安落叶松合子胚带胚乳培养有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导;内蒙沙地种源成熟合子胚的诱导率显著（p<0.05）高于加格达奇山地种源;冷藏处理可以提高成熟合子胚胚性愈伤组织的诱导率;不同发育时期的未成熟合子胚的诱导率存在显著差别（p<0.05）,其中以子叶初期合子胚（7月5日）诱导率最高;2,4-D对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响较大,且与BA、KT存在一定的协同作用;S培养基比DCR和MS培养基更有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导;培养基中琼脂含量为4 g·L^-1时,诱导率较高。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.