纯大鲵粉对小鼠抗疲劳作用及免疫功能的影响

目的 考察纯大鲵粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响和抗疲劳作用.方法 纯大鲵粉小鼠灌胃,检测免疫器官指数、血清溶血素含量、脾抗体细胞生产数、碳粒廓清指数、耳肿胀度,研究对小鼠免疫功能的影响.测定小鼠负重游泳时间,检测血乳酸、血清尿素氮及肝糖原含量,研究其抗疲劳作用.结果 纯大鲵粉能增加小鼠免疫功能,延长小鼠游泳时间,降低血乳酸变化幅度,提高肝糖元储备,降低尿素氮含量.结论 纯大鲵粉具增强小鼠免疫功能和抗疲劳作用.     

蛇肽保健酒缓解急性疲劳活性的研究

目的研究蛇肽保健酒对小鼠急性疲劳的影响。方法将60只小鼠随机分为6组,分别给予药物灌胃,连续灌胃30天后,分别检测游泳前后小鼠体重变化、一次性力竭游泳时间、游泳后血清尿素氮(BUN)和全血乳酸(LA)的含量。结果蛇肽保健酒对小鼠体重增长无明显影响,能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,减少小鼠运动时的乳酸生成。结论蛇肽保健酒能促进运动后小鼠血乳酸的清除,明显降低力竭运动后小鼠血清尿素氮的含量,有一定的抗急性疲劳作用。     

生脉散对于缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用研究

目的：研究生脉散对于缓解体力疲劳的保健效果。方法：将生脉散片剂打散后加蒸馏水配置成灌胃用的糊剂,按低、中、高剂量分组,灌胃给予小鼠生脉散30d后,按负重游泳实验的方法制备动物模型,根据负重游泳时间、血清中尿素水平、肝糖原含量及血乳酸测定结果来评价生脉散的抗疲劳效果。结果：各剂量组间的小鼠体重无明显差异,低剂量组小鼠的各项指标与对照组相比无显著差异,在中高剂量的情况下,除血清尿素未观察到显著改变外,实验组的其他抗疲劳作用指标均有明显改善,且高剂量组的改善情况比中剂量组更为明显。结论：对于接受游泳实验的小鼠,服用中高剂量的生脉散可延长负重游泳时间、提高肝糖原储备量并减少血液中乳酸积累,从而发挥缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

纯蛇粉有何药用价值

纯蛇粉内含有20多种氨基酸和锌、铁、钙等矿物质及元素,具有广泛的生理、药理及保健作用,可全面调节人的神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统.具有清热解毒、消炎止痛、止痒除疾、祛斑护肤等功效.对皮肤不适者,如牛皮癣、痤疮、神经性皮炎、皮肤瘙痒、黄褐斑、粉刺、湿疹等,有很好的辅助疗效.经常服用纯蛇粉,可全面调节人体的免疫功能,增强机体的抵抗力,特别适用于体弱多病及免疫力低下的老人、妇女、儿童食用.美国的科研机构研究表明,纯蛇粉经提炼加工后用于戒毒,疗效显著,显效率达90%.这一发现表明,蛇粉产品确实有着不可估量的市场前景和产业前景,将对人类有着深远的社会意义.     

拟黑多刺蚁提取液可缓解小鼠体力疲劳

研究拟黑多刺蚁Polyrhachis vicina Roger提取液的缓解体力疲劳作用。采用清洁级雄性昆明种小鼠,拟黑多刺蚁水和乙醇双重提取液按8.3mL/kg.bw,16.7mL/kg.bw,25.0mL/kg.bw连续灌胃30d,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮和肝糖原含量。结果:3个实验组及乙醇对照组小鼠负重游泳时间均显著长于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);8.3mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间显著长于乙醇对照组(P<0.01)。8.3mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠3个时点血乳酸曲线下面积显著低于蒸馏水对照组和乙醇对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),16.7mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠3个时点血乳酸曲线下面积明显低于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.01)。乙醇对照组及拟黑多刺蚁提取液3个剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量均显著低于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),16.7mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量低于乙醇对照组(P<0.05)。拟黑多刺蚁提取液具有缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

紫皮石斛抗小鼠体力疲劳作用

目的:研究紫皮石斛对小鼠的抗体力疲劳作用。方法:取雄性昆明种小鼠50只,按体重随机分成5组(n=10):空白对照组,人参皂苷组,紫皮石斛高、中、低剂量组。空白对照组给予等体积的生理盐水,人参皂苷组给药剂量为200 mg/kg·d^-1,紫皮石斛高、中、低剂量组给药剂量分别为35.04 g/kg·d^-1生药、17.52 g/kg·d^-1生药、8.76 g/kg·d^-1生药,每天灌胃1次,连续15 d。于末次给药后30 min,测定小鼠负重力竭游泳时间及体内血清尿素氮、血清乳酸、肝糖原的含量,评价紫皮石斛的抗体力疲劳作用。结果:与空白对照组比较,紫皮石斛能延长小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,能降低小鼠游泳后的血清尿素氮、血清乳酸的含量,能提高小鼠体内肝糖原的储备量,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:紫皮石斛具有抗体力疲劳作用。     

螺旋藻抗疲劳保健功能的检验与评价

本研究对螺旋藻产品的抗疲劳功能进行了检验和评价。小鼠实验结果显示：饲喂螺旋藻可以显著提高小鼠的运动耐力。疲劳小鼠的生化指标测定表明：运动后处理小鼠肝糖原含量比同等情况下的对照小鼠高,同时,运动后处理小血血液中乳酸含量明显较对照组的低,这是处理小鼠不易疲劳的原因。因此,螺旋藻具有显著的抗疲劳保健功效。     

隆力奇《纯蛇粉》的医疗作用与保健价值

隆力奇《纯蛇粉》系苏州市界善蛇类资源应用技术开发研究所,根据我国传统医学与现代科学技术相结合,将蝮蛇冷冻干燥精制而成的21世纪天然高级营养保健功能性食品。众所周知,蛇——是医药卫生的标志,联合国世界卫生组织的徽记就是用蛇作为图案的.蛇的医疗作用,在中医药方面享有盛名。早在二千多年的西汉《神农本草经》中就有记载,有关文献多不胜举,称蝮蛇为补虚补肾的药品.据研究,人类30岁就有肾衰的趋势,根据中医肝肾两虚的理论的密切关系,我们应用蝮蛇粉,作为21世纪的天然高级营养功能性食品,是有科学根据的。蝮蛇在日本,也是作为强精、强身、恢复疲劳、解毒的强壮良药、高级补品,日本以蝮蛇配制的“陶陶酒”为高级营养健身之剂,而闻名于世界。     

凝结芽胞杆菌对小鼠免疫功能和粪便胺含量及肠道中氨含量的影响

目的研究凝结芽胞杆菌对小鼠的免疫功能,粪便胺含量及肠道中氨含量的影响。方法采用碳粒廓清法,免疫器官指数和血清溶血素测定法,分别考察药物对正常小鼠,免疫低下小鼠的非特异性免疫功能,特异性体液免疫功能的影响。同时观测药物对小鼠的盲肠内容物的氨含量和粪便中胺含量的影响。结果凝结芽胞杆菌对正常小鼠碳粒廓清指数和脂器指数没有明显影响,左旋咪唑则能显著提高其吞噬指数但对脏器指数没有影响,凝结芽胞杆菌和左旋咪唑均能显著提高免疫功能低下小鼠血碳廓清指数的胸腺指数,增加血清溶血素的生成。服用凝结芽胞杆菌后的小鼠排出的粪便胺含量和肠道中氨含量,均比正常对照组显著降低。结论凝结芽胞杆菌能显著提高免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫功能,减少正常小鼠肠道中胺和氨的含量,增强机制抵抗力和保护机体。     

纯蛇粉的临床应用250例疗效观察（摘要）

纯蛇粉的临床应用２５０例疗效观察（摘要）上海优尔康生物制品厂裴仁华,张建光,刘荣本文报告以蝮蛇、水蛇、水赤链游蛇、乌梢蛇等蛇粉混合制成的优尔康纯蛇粉胶囊,应用于临床治疗多种病症２５０例,其中男１０８例,女１４２例;年龄６个月～７８岁;结果治疗高血压３...     

蝮蛇毒介导小鼠急性心肌损伤及心肌组织TNF-α表达的研究

目的探讨蝮蛇毒介导小鼠心肌组织中TNF-α蛋白表达变化与不同蝮蛇毒剂量、中毒时间的关系。方法确定LD50蝮蛇毒注射剂量。将96只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、蛇毒低剂量(0.5mg/kg)组、蛇毒高剂量(1.0mg/kg)组,并按中毒时间设4水平组,即3、6、24、48h组,采集小鼠心肌标本,免疫组化检测心肌组织中TNF-α蛋白的表达情况。结果蛇毒低剂量组及蛇毒高剂量组小鼠心肌TNF-α蛋白表达明显高于空白对照组(均P0.05);而蛇毒高剂量组明显高于低剂量组(P0.05);6h组明显高于3h组(P0.05);24h组高于6h组(P0.05);48h组高于24h组(P0.05)。随着蝮蛇毒剂量的增加、中毒时间的延长,心肌TNF-α蛋白的表达越高。结论蝮蛇毒导致小鼠急性心肌损伤,TNF-α蛋白表达增高,且随着蝮蛇毒剂量的增加、中毒时间的延长,心肌TNF-α蛋白的表达越高,呈一定的时间、剂量效应趋势,提示TNF-α蛋白过度表达可能是蝮蛇毒导致小鼠急性心肌损伤的机制之一。     

超微七味白术散对菌群失调小鼠的疗效研究

目的：研究超微七味白术散对抗生素引起的菌群失调小鼠的疗效。方法：将70只小鼠随机分为7组,以灌胃生理盐水建立对照组,以灌胃氨苄西林、头孢拉定、盐酸林可霉素复合抗生素构建菌群失调小鼠模型,以七味白术散传统汤剂及超微全量、1／2量、1／4量、1／8量治疗,通过粪便判断疗效。结果：七味白术散超微药剂与传统汤剂均能治疗抗生素引起的小鼠茵群失调,且超微七味白术散1／2量对小鼠的治疗效果已能达到传统汤剂水平。结论：超微七味白术散对菌群失调小鼠具有良好的治疗效果,与传统药物相比具有节约药材的价值。     

蛹虫草菌粉胶囊抑制肺部炎症及缓解肺纤维化的研究

传统中药可治疗肺炎。新型急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）外部囊膜上的S蛋白是决定病毒毒力的关键因素及主要抗原。本研究利用SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白和细菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导的肺炎模型,初步探索了蛹虫草菌粉对肺炎模型的促炎性因子、单核/巨噬细胞和髓源抑制性细胞（MDSCs）以及纤维化的调节作用。研究发现蛹虫草菌粉可降低SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白组和LPS组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的表达,并降低肺组织、肺泡灌洗液和外周血中巨噬细胞的比例,降低外周血和脾脏中MDSC的数量。进一步研究发现,蛹虫草还可降低SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白组和LPS组小鼠肺组织羟基脯氨酸的表达和成纤维细胞的分布,进而减轻小鼠的肺纤维化水平。qRT-PCR实验发现蛹虫草菌粉处理不仅可以降低SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白组小鼠肺组织中TGF-β R1水平,还降低SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白组和LPS组肺组织中smad2的表达。因此认为蛹虫草菌粉可缓解SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白和LPS诱导的肺部炎症和纤维化症状,且纤维化缓解作用可能与TGF-β R1/smad2信号通路相关。     

Anti-aging effect of Blakeslea trispora powder on adult mice

Blakeslea trispora powder that contains 1.9 % lycopene was tested for its anti-aging effect on adult mice. 48 adult mice were administered with the powder at 0, 267, 534, 1,068 mg lycopene kg^?1 body daily for 30 days. The body weight, hematology, clinical chemical and antioxidant activities in major organs of adult mice were measured. The powder had no effect on the body weight, hematology, clinical chemical parameters of adult mice but improved the antioxidant activities in major organs of adult mice. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and a decreased amount of malondialdehyde in liver, brain, kidney and skin of adult mice when a high-dose of the B. trispora powder was administered, suggests that it has the ability to enhance the antioxidation system and improve the anti-aging abilities of adult mice.     

The ecological effect of acid conditions and precipitation of hydrous metal oxides in a Rocky Mountain stream

Periphyton and benthic invertebrates assemblages were studied at the confluence of two Rocky Mountain streams, Deer Creek and the Snake River near Montezuma, Colorado. Upstream from the confluence the Snake River is acidic and enriched in dissolved trace metals, while Deer Creek is a typical Rocky Mountain stream. In the Snake River, downstream from the confluence, the pH increases and hydrous metal oxides precipitate and cover the streambed. The algal and benthic invertebrate communities in the upstream reaches of the Snake River and in Deer Creek were very different. A liverwort, Scapania undulata var. undulata, was abundant in the Snake River, and although periphyton were very sparse, there were as many benthic invertebrates as in Deer Creek. Downstream from the confleunce, the precipitation of hydrous metal oxides greatly decreased the abundance of periphyton and benthic invertebrates. This study shows that in streams metal precipitates covering the streambed may have a more deleterious effect on stream communities than high metal-ion activities.     

小鼠菌群失调腹泻模型的建立及超微七味白术散的疗效

【目的】建立菌群失调腹泻的造模方法,研究超微七味白术散对其疗效。【方法】采用抗生素联用、中药复方等不同方法进行腹泻造模,通过超微七味白术散进行治疗。【结果】中药大承气汤能快速致泻,腹泻程度最严重,久灌能出现脾虚症候,但对肠道微生物影响不大(P>0.05)。抗生素联用组中,硫酸庆大霉素和头孢拉定联用组造模效果最好,两者联用,抗菌谱达到最大互补,且混用不使药物失效。经超微七味白术散灌胃治疗后,中药组迅速治愈,脾虚症候消失。抗生素联用组小鼠肠道乳酸菌、真菌数显著高于正常组(P<0.01)。【结论】建立了一种菌群失调腹泻的造模方法,七味白术散中存在促使乳酸菌、真菌生长的益生元。     

New approach to real-time nucleic acids detection: folding polymerase chain reaction amplicons into a secondary structure to improve cleavage of F?rster resonance energy transfer probes in 5′-nuclease assays

The article describes a new technology for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of nucleic acids. Similar to Taqman, this new method, named Snake, utilizes the 5′-nuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase that cleaves dual-labeled Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes and generates a fluorescent signal during PCR. However, the mechanism of the probe cleavage in Snake is different. In this assay, PCR amplicons fold into stem–loop secondary structures. Hybridization of FRET probes to one of these structures leads to the formation of optimal substrates for the 5′-nuclease activity of Taq. The stem–loop structures in the Snake amplicons are introduced by the unique design of one of the PCR primers, which carries a special 5′-flap sequence. It was found that at a certain length of these 5′-flap sequences the folded Snake amplicons have very little, if any, effect on PCR yield but benefit many aspects of the detection process, particularly the signal productivity. Unlike Taqman, the Snake system favors the use of short FRET probes with improved fluorescence background. The head-to-head comparison study of Snake and Taqman revealed that these two technologies have more differences than similarities with respect to their responses to changes in PCR protocol, e.g. the variations in primer concentration, annealing time, PCR asymmetry. The optimal PCR protocol for Snake has been identified. The technology’s real-time performance was compared to a number of conventional assays including Taqman, 3′-MGB-Taqman, Molecular Beacon and Scorpion primers. The test trial showed that Snake supersedes the conventional assays in the signal productivity and detection of sequence variations as small as single nucleotide polymorphisms. Due to the assay’s cost-effectiveness and simplicity of design, the technology is anticipated to quickly replace all known conventional methods currently used for real-time nucleic acid detection.     

超微铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道乳酸杆菌多样性的影响

【目的】探讨超微铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道乳酸杆菌多样性的影响,为疗效提供依据。【方法】制备小鼠脾虚便秘模型,灌胃铁皮石斛传统汤剂、超微50%量汤剂治疗,采集肠道内容物提取肠道微生物宏基因组DNA,用乳酸杆菌特异引物PCR后进行ARDRA分析。【结果】结果显示,正常组、铁皮石斛传统汤剂组和超微50%量汤剂组的OTUs、Shannon指数和Brillouin指数相同,且均大于模型组;铁皮石斛超微50%量汤剂组与正常组乳酸杆菌群落结构的相似性系数最大,为0.333 3,其次是模型组为0.181 8,传统汤剂组最小,为0.166 7;聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,小鼠肠道乳酸杆菌多样性受脾虚便秘造模影响,发生改变,铁皮石斛两种汤剂通过不同的途径对其进行调控作用。【结论】铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道乳酸杆菌多样性的调整作用明显,且超微50%量汤剂组小鼠肠道乳酸杆菌多样性更接近正常组,疗效更优。     

Structural analysis and antitussive evaluation of five novel esters of verticinone and bile acids

Shedan-Chuanbei powder, a complex of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, which consists of Snake Bile (Chinese name “Shedan”) and Fritillariae Cirrhosae (Chinese name “Chuanbei”), is the most popular antitussive and expectorant formulation in Chinese communities. However, the clinical application of Shedan-Chuanbei powder is now stringently limited because of the shortage of the two crude medicinal materials, especially for the sake of animal protection. In addition, the inherent defects of the most of the complex of traditional Chinese medicine such as the indistinct basal pharmacodynamic materials and the difficulties in quality control had blocked them heading into the international medicinal market. So we attempted to seek new substitute for Shedan-Chuanbei powder for antitussive drugs. In order to gain some new compounds with better bioactivity and attenuated toxicity, we tried to combine two kinds of drugs through ester bond. Enlightened with “combination principle” in drug discovery, we synthesized five novel esters of verticinone and bile acids, both of which are the major bioactive components in Shedan-Chuanbei powder. We then evaluated the antitussive activity and the acute toxicity of the five ester-linked compounds. The five ester-linked compounds had much more potent antitussive activity and expectorant activity than single bile acids at the same doses, and had equivalent antitussive activity and expectorant activity in comparison with about double moles dose of the monomer verticinone. Especially, cholic acid–verticinone ester had much more potent antitussive effects than the monomer verticinone or cholic acid at the same dose. A further acute toxicity study showed that the LD₅₀ values of the five ester-linked compounds exceeded 3.5 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection in mice. Based on the studies of pharmacology and acute toxicity, the five ester-linked compounds have synergic pharmacodynamic action and attenuated toxicity compared with single verticinone and single bile acids.     

Antibodies against Venom of the Snake Deinagkistrodon acutus

Snake venom protein from Deinagkistrodon acutus (DA protein), one of the major venomous species in Taiwan, causes hemorrhagic symptoms that can lead to death. Although horse-derived antivenin is a major treatment, relatively strong and detrimental side effects are seen occasionally. In our study, yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was purified from eggs, and DA protein was recognized using Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), similar to therapeutic horse antivenin. The ELISA also indicated that specific IgY antibodies were elicited after the fifth booster, plateaued, and lasted for at least 3 months. To generate monoclonal single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, we used phage display technology to construct two libraries with short or long linkers, containing 6.24 × 10⁸ and 5.28 × 10⁸ transformants, respectively. After four rounds of biopanning, the eluted phage titer increased, and the phage-based ELISA indicated that the specific clones were enriched. Nucleotide sequences of 30 individual clones expressing scFv were analyzed and classified into four groups that all specifically recognized the DA venom protein. Furthermore, based on mass spectrometry, the scFv-bound protein was deduced to be snake venom metalloproteinase proteins. Most importantly, both IgY and mixed scFv inhibited the lethal effect in mice injected with the minimum lethal dosage of the DA protein. We suggest that together, these antibodies could be applied to the development of diagnostic agents or treatments for snakebite envenomation in the future.