Novel steroidal saponins from Dioscorea esculenta (Togedokoro)

Fifteen steroidal saponins 1–15, which include 4 furostanol glycosides 1–3 and 15, and 11 spirostanol glycosides 4–14, were isolated from the tubers and leaves of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta, Togedokoro). Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. Four steroidal saponins 9, 11, 14, and 15 were found to be novel compounds.     

Antimicrobial constituents of peel and seeds of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia)

Various antimicrobial constituents of camu-camu fruit were isolated. Acylphloroglucinol (compound 1) and rhodomyrtone (compound 2) were isolated from the peel of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) fruit, while two other acylphloroglucinols (compounds 3 and 4) were obtained from camu-camu seeds. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by spectrophotometric methods. Compounds 1 and 4 were confirmed to be new acylphloroglucinols with different substituents at the C7 or C9 position of 2, and were named myrciarone A and B, respectively. Compound 3 was determined to be isomyrtucommulone B. This is the first report of the isolation of 3 from a natural resource. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1, 3, and 4 were similar to those of 2, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were either similar to or lower than that of kanamycin. These results suggest that the peel and seeds of camu-camu fruit could be utilized for therapeutic applications.     

Synthesis of 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides and their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effects

In this study, 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides were synthesized by microwave irradiation and their chemical structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³CNMR, and HRMS. Ketones used were: Acetophenone (S1), 4-methylacetophenone (S2), 4-chloroacetophenone (S3), 4-fluoroacetophenone (S4), 4-bromoacetophenone (S5), 4-methoxyacetophenone (S6), 4-nitroacetophenone (S7), 2-acetylthiophene (S8), 2-acetylfuran (S9), 1-indanone (S10), 2-indanone (S11). The compounds S9, S10 and S11 were reported for the first time, while S1–S8 was synthesized by different method than literature reported using microwave irradiation method instead of conventional heating in this study. The inhibitory effects of 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives (S1–S11) against hCA I and II were studied. Cytosolic hCA I and II isoenzymes were potently inhibited by new synthesized sulphonamide derivatives with K_is in the range of 1.79?±?0.22–2.73?±?0.08?nM against hCA I and in the range of 1.72?±?0.58–11.64?±?5.21?nM against hCA II, respectively.     

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antiviral and cytostatic properties of novel 8-triazolyl acyclovir derivatives

Abstract

As a part of the research aimed on identification of new nucleobase derivatives with improved biological properties, a series of novel 8-substituted acyclovir derivatives were synthesized. The 8-azidoguanosine 4 and novel 8-azidoacyclovir 9 were synthesized from commercially available guanosine 1 and acyclovir 6 which were transformed into 8-bromopurine derivatives 2 and 7 and hydrazine derivatives 3 and 8, respectively. 8-Triazolylguanosine 5 and 8-triazolylacyclovir analogs 10–12 were successfully synthesized via the Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides 4 and 9 with propargyl alcohol, 4-pentyn-1-ol and 5-hexyn-1-ol. The novel 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolyl compounds 5, 10–12 were evaluated for antiviral activity against selected DNA and RNA viruses and cytostatic activity against normal Madine Darby canine kidney (MDCK I) cells, and seven tumor cell lines (HeLa, CaCo-2, NCI-H358, Jurkat, K562, Raji and HuT78). While tested compounds exerted no antiviral activity at nontoxic concentrations, the 8-triazolyl acyclovir derivative 10, with the shortest alkyl substituent at the C-4 of triazole ring, was found to be the most active against the CaCo-2 cell line.     

A Convenient Synthesis of Acyclic Adenosines with an Unsaturated Side Chain by Modification of 9-(2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-Ribityl)Adenine

Abstract

In expectation of discovering their antiviral activity, acyclic adenosine derivatives 7, 11, 12, and 16 were designed as analogs of neplanocin A (NPA) and L-eritadenine which are strong inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. The 1′,5′-seco-analog of 4′-deoxymethyl-NPA (DHCA) 7 was synthesized by dideoxygenation of 9-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribityl)adenine (2). Acyclic DHCA analogs 11 and 16 were obtained by Wittig reaction of the aldehyde 3 with Ph₃P=CHCO₂Et and Ph₃P=CHCN, respectively. Hydrolysis of the ester 11 afforded a vinylog of L-eritadenine 12. The synthesized acyclic nucleosides 7, 10, and 11 were evaluated for antiviral activity, however, none of them showed any significant antiviral activity.     

New triterpene oligoglycosides from the Caribbean sponge Erylus formosus

Seven new triterpene glycosides, erylosides R₁ (1), T₁ (3), T₂ (4), T₃ (5), T₄ (6), T₅ (7), and T₆ (8) along with the known formoside (2) were isolated from the sponge Erylus formosus collected along the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Glycoside 1 was determined as a trisaccharide, glycoside 2 as a tetrasaccharide while glycosides 3–8 were hexasaccharide. Their carbohydrate chains were unprecedented and have never been found in oligosaccharides from other biological sources, except Erylus spp. Three carbohydrate chains in the glycosides 3 and 6, 4 and 7, 5 and 8 correspondingly are new. The glycosides 1–5 have penasterol as aglycone while glycosides 6–8 proved to be glycoconjugates of 24-methylene-14-carboxy-lanost-8(9)-en-3β-ol.     

喙果皂帽花根的化学成分研究

为了解喙果皂帽花(Dasymaschalon rostratum)根的化学成分,采用多种色谱技术从其根的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物。通过波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为:花旗松素(1)、(+)-儿茶素(2)、毛蕊异黄酮(3)、(-)-丁香树脂酚(4)、(-)-皮树脂醇(5)、lirioresinol A(6)、N-反式肉桂酸酰对羟基苯乙胺(7)和羟基酪醇(8)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中获得。化合物1~8均无明显抗菌活性。     

Synthesis of the Fluoromethyl Derivatives of Carbocyclic Oxetanocin A

Abstract

Treatment of the 2,3-di-O-benzoate 1 with sodium boronhydride mainly afforded the 3-O-benzoate 2 accompanied with isomers 3a,b and fully deprotected product 4. Compound 2 was converted to 5, from which 8 was obtained. The 1-cyclobutanols 8 and 5 were successfully condensed with 6-chloropurine by Mitsunobu reaction to give 9 and 11, respectively. After partial deprotection, the cyclobutyl nucleosides 10 and 15 were subjected to fluorination using DAST to afford the fluoromethyl analogs 12 and 16 from which target compounds 14 and 17 were obtained in good yields, respectively.

     

Chemical Constituents of Cape Aloe and Their Synergistic Growth-Inhibiting Effect on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells

The constituents of cape aloe were investigated after a preliminary screening of the growth-inhibiting effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC) of several extracts of this plant. Ten compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) extract that showed the strongest activity, and their structures were elucidated as aloe-emodin (1), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (3), pyrocatechol (4), 10-oxooctadecanoic acid (5), 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (6), methyl 10-hydroxyoctadecanoate (7), 7-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylchromone (8), furoaloesone (9), and 2-acetonyl-8-(2-furoylmethyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methylchromone (10) based on MS and various NMR spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 2–7 were isolated for the first time from cape aloe. Compounds 4–7 and 10 showed a significant growth-inhibiting effect, and compound 1 exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect on compounds 8–10, which was not observed with the treatment by each compound alone on EATC. These results suggest that the strong growth-inhibiting effect of the CH₂Cl₂ extract was dependent not on one compound alone, but on the synergistic effect from the combination of compound 1 and the other compounds.     

New acylated anthocyanins from purple yam and their antioxidant activity

Purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.), which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, is characterized by its color and viscosity. Previous studies have shown that purple yams contain a variety of acylated anthocyanins that exhibit higher levels of antioxidant activity than the corresponding nonacylated compounds. In this study, the pigments found in purple yams from the Philippines (D. alata) were isolated and evaluated in terms of antioxidant activity. Four new acylated anthocyanins, alanins (1–4) were isolated from the MeOH extracts of purple yam, which were subsequently determined to be cyanidin (1, 2, and 4) and peonidin (3) type compounds, along with four known anthocyanins (5–8). The structures of 1–4 were determined by spectroscopic methods, including NMR and MS analyses. The antioxidant activities of anthocyanins 1–8 were investigated using oxygen radical absorbing capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays.     

海南石斛化学成分研究

为了解海南石斛(Dendrobium hainanense Rolfe)的化学成分,采用色谱技术从海南石斛茎叶中分离得到14个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:2,6-二甲氧基对苯醌(1)、(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(2)、blumenol A(3)、2,7-二羟基-3,4-二甲氧基-9,10-二氢菲(4)、2,7-二羟基-3,4-二甲氧基菲(5)、3,7-二羟基-2,4-二甲氧基菲(6)、3-羟基-2,4,7-三甲氧基-9,10-二氢菲(7)、3-羟基-2,4,7-三甲氧基菲(8)、3,4,7-三羟基-2-甲氧基菲(9)、3,7-二羟基-2,4-二甲氧基-9,10-二氢菲(10)、(+)-lyoniresinol(11)、丁香脂素(12)、denchrysan A(13)和nobilone(14)。这些化合物均为首次从海南石斛中分离得到。活性测试结果表明化合物4~6、8~9、11和14对乙酰胆碱酯酶有抑制活性。     

海南栽培肾茶的化学成分研究

为了解肾茶(Clerodendranthus spicatus)的化学成分,从海南栽培肾茶地上部分分离得到11个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:吐叶醇(1)、丁香脂素(2)、3,4-二羟基苯乙醇(3)、甜橙素(4)、5,6,7,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(5)、5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(6)、6-羟基-5,7,4′-三甲氧基黄酮(7)、5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄烷酮(8)、3,3′,5-三羟基-4′,7-二甲氧基-二氢黄酮(9)、松脂素(10)和熊果酸(11)。化合物3、9和10为首次从肾茶中分离得到。对化合物1~6进行活性测试,结果表明化合物3~5对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有一定的抑制活性。     

Stereoselective Synthesis of Some 3-Nitroglucopyranosyladenine Analogues via a Nitroolefin: Intermediate as Potential Therapeutic Agents

Abstract

Three isomers of 9-(4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-β-D-hexopyranosyl) adenines (2–4) were isolated. The manno isomer 2 could be isomerized to the gluco isomer 3. The manno (2) and galacto isomer (4) were deprotected to 5 and 7, respectively. Michael addition of some organic amines and thiolates to the nitroolefin intermediate (8) gave the corresponding 2-(substituted)-3-nitro-glucopyranosides (9a-h). Compounds 9a,c,h were deprotected to 10a,c,h. Sodium azide with 8 gave the triazolo nucleoside 11, which was deprotected to 12. 2-Deoxy-3-nitro analogue 14 was also obtained.

     

Synthesis of novel carbazole chalcones as radical scavenger,antimicrobial and cancer chemopreventive agents

A series of novel carbazole chalcones has been synthesised and evaluated for radical scavenging activity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. Compounds 12m, 12o and 12c exhibited good 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, compounds 12e, 12m and 12d were excellent hydroxyl radical scavengers and compounds 12a, 12e, 12g, 12n and 12m have shown inhibition of oxidative DNA damage induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane hydrochloride). Compounds 12j, 12i, 12n, 12c, 12m and 12e were most active against the selected cancer cell lines. Compounds 12a, 12e and 12m showed good antibacterial activity and compounds 12h and 12m have shown good antifungal activity. All the compounds were subjected for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) predictions by computational method and found that these molecules could be considered as potential candidates for oral drug development.     

黄皮种子中酰胺类生物碱及其杀线虫活性研究

为了解黄皮种子中的酰胺类生物碱及其杀线虫活性,运用多种色谱学及波谱学方法分离并鉴定了10个酰胺类生物碱,分别为:N-甲基桂皮酰胺(1),clausenalansamide A(2),3-dehydroxy-3-methoxyl-clausenalansamide A(3),clausenalansamide B(4),黄皮新肉桂酰胺B(5),N-(2-苯乙基)肉桂酰胺(6),2′-dehydroxy-2′-oxo-clausenalansamide B(7),lansamide-7(8),homoclausenamide(9),1,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrrol-2-one(10)。其中,化合物3,7,10为新天然产物。首次对黄皮种子中的酰胺类生物碱2~8进行全齿复活线虫致死活性的测试,发现所测化合物均有致死活性,其中,化合物2,3,5和8有较强的致死活性,且均优于阳性对照除线磷,可为相关农药的研发提供科学依据。     

海南产木薯茎化学成分研究

从木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为呋喃(1)、肥牛木素(2)、3-吲哚甲酸(3)、3,9,13-megastigmanetriol (4)、穗花杉双黄酮(5)、yucalexin P-21 (6),其中化合物1~5为首次从该植物中分离得到。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定了这些化合物的抗菌活性,结果表明化合物1、3、4和6对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。     

油榄仁果实化学成分的研究

为了解油榄仁(Terminalia bellirica Roxb.)的化学成分,从油榄仁果实的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到11个化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为:表松脂酚(1)、(–)-芝麻素(2)、麻醉椒苦素(3)、二氢醉椒素(4)、异香兰素(5)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(6)、没食子酸(7)、没食子酸甲酯(8)、没食子酸乙酯(9)、3,4,8,9,10-五羟基二苯骈[b,d]吡喃-6-酮(10)、polystachyol(11),其中化合物1~6、10和11为首次从油榄仁果实中分离得到。     

Study of reactivity of cyanoacetohydrazonoethyl-N-ethyl-N-methyl benzenesulfonamide: preparation of novel anticancer and antimicrobial active heterocyclic benzenesulfonamide derivatives and their molecular docking against dihydrofolate reductase

Abstract

This article describes the synthesis of some novel heterocyclic sulfonamides having biologically active thiophene 3, 4, 5, 6, coumarin 8, benzocoumarin 9, thiazole 7, piperidine 10, pyrrolidine 11, pyrazole 14 and pyridine 12, 13. Starting with 4-(1-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazono)ethyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide (2), which was prepared from condensation of acetophenone derivative 1 with 2-cyanoacetohydrazide. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹⁹F NMR and MS spectral data. All the newly synthesized heterocyclic sulfonamides were evaluated as in-vitro anti-breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and as in-vitro antimicrobial agents. Compounds 8, 5 and 11 were more active than MTX reference drug and compounds 12, 7, 4, 14, 5 and 8 were highly potent against Klebsiella pneumonia. Molecular operating environment performed virtual screening using molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds. The results indicated that some prepared compounds are suitable inhibitor against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme (PDBSD:4DFR) with further modification.     

Synthesis of 3-fluoro-6-S-(2-S-pyridyl) nucleosides as potential lead cytostatic agents

The 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-6-S-(2-S-pyridyl)-6-thio-β-d-glucopyranosyl nucleoside analogs 7 were prepared via two facile synthetic routes. Their precursors, 3-fluoro-6-thio-glucopyranosyl nucleosides 5a-e, were obtained by the sequence of deacetylation of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-β-d-glucopyranosyl nucleosides 2a-e, selective tosylation of the primary OH of 3 and finally treatment with potassium thioacetate. The desired thiolpyridine protected analogs 7a-c,f,g were obtained by the sequence of deacetylation of 5a-c followed by thiopyridinylation and/or condensation of the corresponding heterocyclic bases with the newly synthesized peracetylated 6-S-(2-S-pyridyl) sugar precursor 13, which was obtained via a novel synthetic route from glycosyl donor 12. None of the compounds 6 and 7 showed antiviral activity, but the 5-fluorouracil derivative 7c and particularly the uracil derivative 7b were endowed with an interesting and selective cytostatic action against a variety of murine and human tumor cell cultures.