中国香港虫目昆虫以及管虫属的研究(目)

根据近年来在香港地区采集到的一些虫目昆虫 ,经整理鉴定及文献记录 ,记述香港虫目昆虫 3科 6属 9种 ,其中有 1新种 :树基管虫 Sipyloidea shukayi,sp.nov.。制定了分类检索表 ,结合新种的鉴别 ,整理了全国管虫属 Sipyloidea已知种 ,制定出 8个种的检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所     

西藏、云南目昆虫二新种记述(目:科)

记述科 2新种——聂拉木短肛 Baculum nyalamense,sp. n.和版纳仿短肛 Paraclitumnus bannaensis,sp.n.。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

云南高黎贡山目昆虫五新种及污色无翅刺雄性的发现(目:异科,科)

记述云南高黎贡山目异科和科5个新种,即刺胸阿异Aruanoidea notata,sp.nov.,高山短肛Baculum altissimum,sp.nov.,光亮拟短肛Parabaculum laevigatum,sp.nov.,双角刺Cnipsomorpha biangulatus,sp.nov.,黑缘介Interphasma marginatum,sp.nov.,并且首次记述了污色无翅刺Cnipsomorpha colorantis(Chen et He)的雄性。模式标本分别存放于北京林业大学与中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆。     

云南省目一新属新种(目:异科)

本文记述了异科一新属,即滇属 Ｄｉａｎｐｈａｓｍａ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ,一新种即微翅滇Ｄｉａｎｐｈａｓｍａ　ｍｉｃｒｏｐｔｅｒａ ｓｎ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自云南省小中甸,保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

云南省螳螂三新种记述：（螳螂目）

本文报道采自我国云南省的螳螂3新种,即张氏斧螳 Hierodula zhangi,sp.nov.、 短背斧螳H.brachynota ,sp.nov.和云南始螳E.yunnanensis,sp.nov.。     

中国园蛛科5新种（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

记述了我国园蛛科5新种:防城曲腹姝Cyrtarachne fang cheng ensis sp.nov.,黄斑曲腹蛛C.gilvus sp.nov.,湖北曲腹姝C.hubeien sis sp.nov.,恩施新园蛛Neoscona en shien sis sp.nov.,三歧新园蛛N.triramusa sp.nov.。     

湖北省等翅目三新种

本文记述湖北省等翅目三新种,毛唇散白蚁Reticulitermes tricholabtalis sp.nov.湖北散白蚁Reticulitermes hubeiensis sp.nov.和近圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes perilabralis sp.nov.。所有正模标本均保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

叶刺瘿螨亚科一新属三新种：真螨目：瘿螨科

新属为新诺尔瘿螨属Neoknorella Kuang et Feng,gen.nov.三新种是竹新诺尔瘿螨Neoknorella bambusae sp.nov.,竹裂柄瘿螨 Dichopelmus bambusae sp.nov.和樟无伪足瘿Anothopoda cinnamomi sp.nov.,它们均营自由生活。     

草蛉科一新属——纳草蛉属研究(Ⅰ)(脉翅目:草蛉科)

本文对草蛉科(Chsysopidae)玛草蛉属Mallada做了修正,并建立一新属——纳草蛉属Navasius gen. nov. 同时报道了纳草蛉属6新种:槽纳草蛉N. alviolatus sp. nov. 钩纳草蛉N. ancistroideus sp. nov. 无斑纳草蛉N. epunctatus sp. nov. 曲纳草蛉N. flexuosus sp. nov. 海南纳草蛉N. hainanus sp. nov. 及和纳草蛉N. hesperus sp. nov.。     

中国南方隅蛛属和漏斗蛛属新种记述：蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科

本文记述隅蛛属一新种和漏斗蛛属两新种:刺隅蛛,新种Tegenaria aculeata sp.nov.三角漏斗蛛,新种Agelena triangulata sp.nov.,小斑漏斗蛛,新种Agelena micropunetulata sp.nov.。     

中国（虫,*）目昆虫二新纪录属与二新种记述(（虫,*）目:（虫,*）科,异（虫,*）科)

本文报道中国■目昆虫■科Ｐｈａｓｍａｔｉｄａｅ与异■科Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｎｅｍｉｉｄａｅ各１新纪录属：叶尾■属ＡＣｒｏ－ｐｈｙｌｌａ　Ｇｒａｙ和副厚■属Ｐａｒａｐａｃｈｙｍｏｒｐｈａ　Ｂｒｕｎｎｅｒ;及其各１新种：四川叶尾■Ａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ　ｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和四刺副厚■Ｐａｒａｐａｃｈｙｍｏｒｐｈａ ｔｅｔｒａｃａｎｔｈａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

On the cytotaxonomy of phasmids (Phasmatodea)

Summary A wide diversity in chromosome complement is found in two species of phasmids of the primitive group Prisopini—Prisopus ariadne Hebard and Prisopus berosus Westwood. P. ariadne has a diploid male complement of 28, comprising 13 pairs of relatively large mediokinetic autosomes and Neo XY sex chromosomes. P. berosus, 2n =49, has relatively small autosomes most of which are mediokinetic, and retains the XO—XX sex mechanism. Chromosomal polymorphism in this species is suggested by the presence of an unequal pair of autosomes and a structural differentiation in the X in one of two males studied.The relative amount of DNA per nucleus in male germ cells (Peulgen cytophotometry) shows a significant difference in total chromosomal content between the complements of the two species.These data are discussed with reference to the cytotaxonomy of phasmids.Supported in part by research grant G-4370 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.     

Egg chorion architecture in stick insects (Phasmatodea)

Comparative analysis of egg chorion architecture by scanning and transmission electron microscopy is reported in about 50 species of stick insects (Phasmatodea). Particular attention has been paid to: (1) synthesis and structure of egg shell layers; (2) egg shape; (3) morphology of the external chorionic surface; (4) position and structure of the micropylar plate and its cup; (5) morphology and details of the operculum, including capitulum or pseudocapitulum; and (6) posterior pole differentiation (the so-called polar mound), The taxonomic value of the various characters is discussed: some are clearly species-specific, while others (such as general egg shape and micropylar plate) appear to reflect phylogenetic relationships of higher rank. Intraspecific features, such as the fine chorionic and opercular patterns of Bacillus and Clonopsis, have been recognized.In natural hybrids, egg chorion architectures were related to that of the parent species, resembling one of the parents in some cases and being intermediate between the 2. The study of the Phasmatodea egg can provide much taxonomic information that is useful in the definition of natural groups.     

Endogenous cellulase enzymes in the stick insect (Phasmatodea) gut

High cellulase (endo-beta-1,4-glucanase) activity was detected in the anterior midgut of the walking stick (Phasmatodea) Eurycantha calcarata. The enzyme was isolated and analyzed via mass spectrometry. RT-PCR revealed two endoglucanase genes, EcEG1 and EcEG2. Mascot analysis of the purified enzyme confirms it to be the product of gene EcEG1. Homologous cDNAs were also isolated from a distantly related species, Entoria okinawaensis, suggesting a general distribution of cellulase genes in phasmids. Phasmid cellulases showed high homology to endogenously-produced glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) endoglucanases from insects, especially to those of termites, cockroaches, and crickets. The purified E. calcarata enzyme showed clear antigency against an anti-serum for termite GH9 cellulase, which, together with the sequence homology, further suggests an endogenous origin of the enzyme. This discovery suggests a possible nutritive value for cellulose in the leaf-feeding phasmids, unlike in herbivorous Lepidoptera.     

Comparative vitellin pattern and cladogenesis in Bacillus (insecta: Phasmatodea)

• 1.1. Under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) the two natural vitellins of Bacillus taxa released five different polypeptides (A₁, A₂, A₃, B₁, B₂).
• 2.2. A₂ and B₂ bands from the two bisexual species (B. rossius and B. grandii) were found to differ; furthermore a non-vitellin yolk protein characterizes the subsepecies B.g. benazzii.
• 3.3. From gels and their densitometric scanning profiles it is clear that parental polypeptides are expressed in the thelytokous parthenogenetic hybrids (B. whitei, B. lynceorum) and in the hybridogenetic B. rossius-grandii benazzii.
• 4.4. A comparative approach of vitellin patterns appears fully adequate for tracing phylogenetic relationships and recognizing cladogenetic events.

     

An enigmatic new stick insect from the Philippine Islands (Insecta: Phasmatodea)

A new genus and species of stick insect is described and figured from Mount Halcon, on the Philippine island of Mindoro. Conlephasma enigma gen. et sp. n. is a stout, flightless, and apparently ground-dwelling species with vivid integumental colors. When disturbed, specimens spray a defensive secretion from the prothoracic exocrine glands. The systematic position of Conlephasma within Euphasmatodea is unclear. The elongated galealobulus and the trichome area located laterally in the galea, represent unusual apomorphic characters of the maxilla that could indicate affinities with Necrosciinae or Pseudophasmatinae. All tibiae exhibit the anareolate condition. Euplantulae are of two types: those of tarsomeres I–IV feature a nubby microstructure, whilst the one on the ventral side of the pretarsus is smooth. Males are characterized by the presence of a well-developed vomer on the tenth abdominal segment. A distinctive and apomorphic trait of female terminalia is represented by the elongated tenth abdominal tergum. Conlephasma can represent an interesting taxon for studies on the evolution of the stick and leaf insects.     

Speciation through androgenesis in the stick insect genus Clonopsis (Insecta Phasmatodea)

In Morocco, Clonopsis stick insects showed tangled reproductive interactions actually resulting into a network of phylogenetic relationships known as ‘reticulate evolution’. Peculiar to parthenogenetic C. gallica and C. soumiae (54 and 72 chromosomes, respectively) – closely related to the bisexual C. felicitatis (2n = 36) – is the finding of numerically polyploid karyotypes with a diploid structure. Androgenesis appeared to be the most parsimonious explanation accounting for both the low mitochondrial differentiation and the quick onset of those polyploids with structurally diploid karyotypes, paired with neat nuclear differentiations. According to a proposed model, hybrid triploid females would segregate balanced haploid and diploid 2nd oocytes immediately producing all kinds of parthenogens and androgens. Owing to these peculiar reproductive issues, we felt useful searching for stronger evidence by deeply analysing the mitochondrial genome. This new analysis showed a neat separation of sexual Tetouan haplotypes from the parthenogenetic and androgenetic ones, which are grouped in two slightly overlapping groups by network analysis: Moroccan parthenogens and androgens vs European C. gallica. It could be also envisaged that C. gallica has multiple origins, being a complex of parthenogenetic strains originated through independent hybridizations. The straightforward mechanism originating both triploid and tetraploid parthenogens well fits with both their widely ascertained low mitochondrial differentiation and the geographical closeness of the most similar samples, independently from their specific karyotype. Combining the outcomes of the hybridization events and androgenesis, which completely substitutes hybrid genomes with those of a related paternal species, would conceivably realize the observed picture of species structure and distribution. Owing to the reinforced data set, it now appears much more sensible to support androgenesis as a quick pathway to originate polyploids with numerically and genetically sharply differing chromosome sets, while maintaining, at the same time, high mitochondrial similarity.     

Soluble proteins from chemosensory organs of Eurycantha calcarata (Insects, Phasmatodea)

Three related nucleotide sequences, encoding mature proteins of 108-113 amino acids, have been obtained from antennal cDNA of the Phasmid Eurycantha calcarata. Among these, one is also expressed in the tarsi as demonstrated by N-terminal sequence and mass spectrometric analyses of protein samples isolated from both organs. PCR experiments performed with specific primers, showed that this species is also expressed in the mouth organs and in the cuticle, while the other two are antennal specific. All three isoforms are similar to Drosophila OS-D and other proteins reported in several insect orders, but one of them is significantly different from the other two. The best conserved elements are the N-terminal region and the four cysteine residues. Accurate ESMS measurements indicated that all cysteines are involved in two disulphide bonds and ruled out the occurrence of additional post-translational modifications. Polyclonal antibodies, raised against the purified protein, did not react with proteins of the same class expressed in another Phasmid species, Carausius morosus, and in the orthopteran Schistocerca gregaria, nor did antibodies against these proteins recognise those of E. calcarata.     

The spermatogenesis and sperm structure of Timema poppensis (Insecta: Phasmatodea)

The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa was studied in Timema poppensis Vickery & Sandoval, 1999, a putative basal taxon of Phasmatodea. The apical portion of testis follicles consists of spermatogonial cells with polymorphic nuclei. Primary spermatocytes display very short primary cilia originating from the peripheral centrosomes. Early spermatids develop a conspicuous “nebenkern” consisting of fused mitochondria. They have a single peripheral centriole with microtubular triplets, which expresses a 3.6-μm-long cilium featuring a 9?+?2 axonemal pattern. In a later stage, the centriole and the ciliary shaft displace toward the inner part of the cytoplasm by an infolding of the plasma membrane. Mature spermatids exhibit a derived centriole with microtubule doublets devoid of dynein arms, which is equipped with a dense arc-like outer structure. Ciliary degeneration was not observed during spermiogenesis. Spermatozoa are short flagellate cells about 55–60?μm in length. They are characterized by a three-layered acrosomal complex. The distinctive bell-shaped morphology of the acrosome vesicle is likely an autapomorphic trait of Timema. The flagellum has a 9?+?9?+?2 axoneme, two accessory bodies, two flattened cisterns, and two elongated mitochondrial derivatives. Results support the hypothesis that Phasmatodea, comprising Timema?+?Euphasmatodea, form a monophyletic group. The presence of 17 protofilaments in the wall of accessory microtubules and the flattened configuration of the flagellum are potential apomorphic groundplan features of the order. Within Phasmatodea, a key evolutionary divergence was from the conventional insect spermiogenesis and sperm structure of Timema, to the unusual spermiogenetic process and peculiar sperm structure of Euphasmatodea. As a result, Timema retains more sperm character states found in the polyneopteran ground pattern, while Euphasmatodea have evolved outstanding sperm autapomorphies, like the loss of mitochondria and flattened cisterns, and the presence of strongly expanded accessory bodies.     

越南短肛脩属二新种(脩目：脩科)

 记述了采自越南的短肛脩属Baculum二新种,即库氏短肛脩B. coomani Chen,sp.nov.和越北短肛脩B.tonkinense Ch en,sp.nov.。