横坑切梢小蠹对植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应

为筛选出适宜配制横坑切梢小蠹(Tomicus minor Hartig)引诱剂的有效化合物,测定了横坑切梢小蠹雌、雄成虫对寄主云南松主要挥发性化合物的触角电位(EAG)和行为反应。结果表明:与对照相比,在10 g·L-1浓度刺激下所测试的9种植物挥发物都能引起横坑切梢小蠹雌、雄虫触角的EAG反应,且触角对不同挥发物的EAG反应差异显著(P0.05),其中雌、雄虫对(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯、(+)-3-蒈烯、β-蒎烯和异松油烯的EAG反应较强;在剂量反应试验中,雌、雄虫的EAG反应都随着(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯、(+)-3-蒈烯和β-蒎烯浓度的增加而增强,当浓度增加到10 g·L-1时,EAG反应最强;而雌、雄虫对异松油烯的EAG反应在1 g·L-1最强;除(+)-柠檬烯没有明显的定向作用外,(+)-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、(+)-3-蒈烯和异松油烯对横坑切梢小蠹均表现出了明显的引诱作用;行为反应多重比较表明,(+)-α-蒎烯在10 g·L-1浓度下对雌雄虫的引诱作用最大。该研究结果可为开发横坑切梢小蠹林间引诱剂提供参考。     

云斑天牛对10种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】为了探明对云斑天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat成虫具有行为导向的寄主植物挥发物对成虫行为反应的影响。【方法】采用触角电位(EAG)和"Y"型嗅觉仪技术,测定云斑天牛成虫(未交配雌虫、未交配雄虫、已交配雌虫)对10种寄主植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应。【结果】所选化合物在特定浓度下,均能引起云斑天牛成虫较为明显的EAG反应,浓度为100μg/μL时,云斑天牛成虫对所测试的植物挥发物的EAG反应最强,其中未交配雌、雄及已交配雌虫对(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇的EAG反应相对值均为最大,分别达2.35、2.31和2.22。行为反应生测中,(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇对未交配雌、雄虫可产生明显的引诱作用,芳樟醇则对两者具有明显的趋避作用,而已交配雌虫对所有化合物均无明显趋性。【结论】试验结果可为开发对其有效的林间引诱剂提供一定的理论依据。     

松墨天牛对马尾松挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

利用触角电位和嗅觉测定技术,比较分析松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope对马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)健康和松材线虫危害的枝条挥发物的触角电位和行为反应特点。实验结果表明:未交配松墨天牛对健康枝条挥发物的EAG反应值大于被害枝条的,交配后天牛对被害枝条的EAG反应值明显大于健康枝条的。在“Y”型嗅觉仪中,未交配天牛对健康枝条挥发物表现为正趋性,对被害枝条挥发物表现为负趋性,而交配后天牛对被害枝条挥发物表现为正趋性,对健康枝条挥发物表现为负趋性。说明不同发育时期的松墨天牛成虫对不同生理状态的寄主具有不同的敏感性和选择性。     

外来入侵害虫红脂大小蠹对寄主挥发物的反应

2002年,利用寄主挥发性物质(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和(-)柠檬烯按不同配比制成诱芯,采用自行研制的挥发物释放装置,在山西省关帝山森林经营局西葫芦林场对危害油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.的重大外来入侵林业害虫红脂大小蠹Dendroctomus valens LeConte进行了引诱试验。结果表明,3蒈烯对红脂大小蠹的引诱作用最强,明显优于单独使用(+)-α-蒎烯和(-)-β-蒎烯的诱虫效果,也比北美应用的标准诱芯［(+)- α蒎烯(-)-β-蒎烯与3-蒈烯的比例为1∶1∶1］效果好;在标准诱芯中加入油松另一主要成分-(-)柠檬烯会明显降低诱虫效果。红脂大小蠹引诱剂最佳释放量为150 mg/d。该研究不仅对我国红脂大小蠹的监控具有实际应用意义,也从理论上探讨了红脂大小蠹与寄主油松协同进化的化学生态学过程。     

牧草盲蝽对七种寄主植物不同挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】研究牧草盲蝽Lygus pmtensis对寄主植物挥发物的EAG及趋向行为反应,为研发牧草盲蝽引诱剂或趋避剂策略提供科学依据。【方法】利用固相微萃取方法收集7种寄主植物包括木地肤Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.、灰绿藜Chenopodium glaucum、花椰菜Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.、小白菜Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis Makino、田旋花Convolvulus arvensis L.、小藜Chenopodium serotinum L.、番茄Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.的挥发物,通过室内气相-质谱联用系统(GC-MS)进行挥发物的定性及定量分析,最终测定了9种候选特征挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应和嗅觉趋向行为反应。【结果】7种寄主植物共鉴定到的化合物有31种,且种类和含量有较大差异,差异显著。9种候选特征挥发物均能引起牧草盲蝽雌、雄成虫的EAG反应。其中牧草盲蝽雌、雄成虫对壬醛的EAG反应绝对值最大,雌、雄虫对不同植物挥发物质EAG反应相对值均有显著差异,且对同种化合物雌虫的反应相对值均大于雄虫的反应,乙酸顺式-3-己烯酯和壬醛引发的EAG反应值差异显著;趋向行为测定中,牧草盲蝽雌虫对壬醛、金合欢烯、α-蒎烯、1-石竹烯、乙酸顺式-3-己烯酯、2-甲基-1-醇的大部分浓度的行为反应差异显著,雄虫仅对α-蒎烯、壬醛的部分浓度的行为反应差异显著。【结论】7种寄主植物的挥发物对牧草盲蝽雌、雄成虫具有不同EAG和趋向行为反应影响,候选气味化合物可以作为设计牧草盲蝽引诱剂组分进行田间害虫防控实践。     

华山松大小蠹共生真菌对华山松木质部危害的解剖学研究

通过对野外和人工接种条件下,华山松大小蠹（Dendroctonus armandi)共生直菌（Leptographium terebrantis)对寄主华山松木质部危害的解剖学研究。结果表明,华山松大小蠹共生真菌随华山松大小蠹入侵健康寄主华山松木质部组织,真菌菌丝首先在其木质部树脂道内发育,分解木质部树脂道泌脂细胞,堵塞树脂道;通过菌丝在木质部交叉场薄壁细胞内及管胞细胞间和管胞细胞内的扩展,使寄主华山松树脂代谢,抗性物质代谢和水分代谢紊乱,木质部边材组织蓝变。     

7种松树挥发物分析及其主要萜烯类物质对红脂大小蠹行为选择的影响

入侵种红脂大小蠹在我国逐渐向北扩散至内蒙古和辽宁等地.同时在林间发现,相对于油松Pinus tabuliformis,其更偏好危害樟子松Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.本文主要分析我国7种松树挥发性物质以及新发生地红脂大小蠹对其中主要物质的行为选择.本研究采用动态顶空采样法和气相色谱——质...     

华山松大小蠹及其伴生蓝变真菌对华山松木质部危害的解剖学特征

为揭示华山松大小蠹和伴生蓝变真菌引起秦岭华山松枯萎的机制,选择秦岭北坡沣峪林场境35年树龄的健康华山松Pinus armandi为研究对象,对接种华山松大小蠹Dendroctonus armandi及与其伴生的蓝变真菌Ceratocystis polonica引起的寄主树木木质部形态变化进行了解剖观察。结果表明：接种致病性蓝变真菌C. polonica 1周后的4株华山松 的木质部组织内,蓝变区域显著增加,4～6周后蓝变区域不再增加; 而在接种无菌琼脂的2株对照华山松的木质部组织内,没有检测到蓝变区域。研究结果提示蓝变真菌C. polonica是致死秦岭华山松的重要病原菌,该伴生菌随华山松大小蠹入侵健康寄主华山松木质部组织,在木质部定居并分解木质部,堵塞树脂道,致使寄主华山松树脂代谢和水分代谢紊乱。该研究结果表明,虽然华山松大小蠹长期以来被认为是致死华山松的毁灭性小蠹虫,但是其共生蓝变真菌C. polonica对成熟华山松的致害作用不应该被忽视。     

苹褐带卷蛾成虫对主要寄主植物挥发物的触角电位反应和行为反应

【目的】苹褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana是危害苹果、桃、梨、枣等果树的一种重要昆虫。近年来在陕西苹果和红枣产区发生面积逐年扩大,危害日趋严重。本研究旨在明确寄主植物挥发物在苹褐带卷蛾成虫嗅觉通讯中的作用,为开发植物源引诱剂提供基础数据。【方法】利用触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)仪测定苹褐带卷蛾2日龄未交配雌、雄成虫对51种寄主植物挥发性化合物的EAG反应;利用本实验室开发的小型蛾类昆虫嗅觉行为测试装置测定苹褐带卷蛾成虫对15种具有显著EAG反应的挥发性化合物的行为反应。【结果】EAG测试结果表明,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对不同挥发性化合物的EAG反应相对值有显著差异,雌、雄成虫对顺-3-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯-1-醇、1-己醇、1-庚醇、己醛、反-2-己烯醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异戊酯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应较强。此外,雄成虫对3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、苯甲醛、丁酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、三甲基巴豆酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、异戊酸-顺-3-己烯酯、苯甲腈和柠檬腈的反应较强。在待测的51种挥发性化合物中,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对29种化...     

苹毛丽金龟对植物挥发物成分的触角电位及行为反应

为筛选适宜的苹毛丽金龟Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann)引诱剂化学物质, 对已报道的金龟子科两性引诱剂单一组分进行了触角电位（EAG）和Y型嗅觉仪中的嗅觉反应测定。结果表明: 在10 μg刺激剂量下测试的11 种植物挥发物中, 只有顺-3-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、茴香脑和丁香酚有明确的EAG反应值, 其他7种化合物具有弱反应值。剂量反应曲线表明, 具有明确的EAG活性的4种化合物激发的反应强度与化合物的剂量呈正相关。在Y型嗅觉仪中, 顺-3-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、茴香脑和丁香酚4种化合物在1, 10, 100 μg剂量下的行为反应百分率都显著高于对照溶剂正己烷, 且雌雄之间无显著差异。该研究结果可为开发苹毛丽金龟田间引诱剂奠定基础。     

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to volatiles isolated from conspecifics

Olfactory sensitivity of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to compounds isolated from the mid/hindguts of newly emerged conspecific adults was assayed with coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. All previously reported pheromones for D. frontalis plus eight additional compounds (fenchyl alcohol, myrtenal, cis-verbenol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, trans-myrtanol, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) consistently elicited antennal responses from at least one sex. The eight additional compounds were assayed individually at three release rates (0.4-0.8, 3-9, and 25-100 mg/d) for the ability to alter D. frontalis responses to traps baited with D. frontalis attractant (4 mg/d frontalin and 17 mg/d alpha-pinene). At the high release rate, cis-verbenol enhanced attraction of D. frontalis females, whereas the other seven compounds significantly reduced attraction of one or both sexes. Acetophenone significantly reduced attraction of male D. frontalis at the low release rate, and five compounds (fenchyl alcohol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) reduced attraction of one or both sexes at the intermediate rate. Only acetophenone significantly altered the sex ratio of beetles trapped, decreasing the proportion of males. Attraction of predatory checkered beetles (Cleridae) was enhanced by cis-verbenol released at the high rate but was not altered by any compound inhibitory to D. frontalis. Analyses of volatiles from individual D. frontalis indicated that the majority of the eight compounds were produced in greater quantities by newly emerged beetles than ones attacking pine bolts. Five of the compounds were associated predominantly with one sex. Possible ecological roles of these compounds in the biology of D. frontalis are discussed.     

白星花金龟对寄主植物挥发物的电生理反应

[目的]白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis是我国经济上重要的农业害虫.本研究拟鉴定苹果、葡萄和玉米3种果实在两种状态(健康与受白星花金龟成虫为害)下的挥发物中能引起白星花金龟雌成虫触角电生理反应的挥发物成分.[方法]采用动态顶空吸附法收集苹果、葡萄和玉米3种果实的挥发物,用气相色谱-触角电位联用技术(...     

Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to host plant volatiles

Abstract  Fuller's rose weevil (FRW; Pantomorus cervinus ) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a polyphagous pest of citrus and other horticultural plants, was studied in laboratory assays designed to identify potential semiochemicals from host plants that might be exploited for weevil pest management. Using still-air bioassays, weevils were found to be most attracted to fresh whole lemon leaves compared with cut and/or dried lemon leaves. White clover, an understorey plant in kiwifruit orchards, was also found to be attractive to weevils in the dual-choice tests. Coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiological recording of weevil antennal responses to commercial extracts of lemon leaves indicated that weevils detected at least eight monoterpene components of the oil, i.e. linalool, terpinen-4-ol, nerol, neral, geraniol, geranial, neryl acetate and geranyl acetate. Significant antennal dose–responses were evident to lemon leaf oil, lemon constituent odours and two major green leaf volatiles detected from clover ( Z )-3-hexenol and ( Z )-3-hexenyl acetate. Still-air dual-choice tests on individual chemicals showed significant repellency from seven of the lemon leaf compounds at 500 µg/100 µL (all except geranyl acetate). Weevils were attracted to a synthetic blend consisting of the green leaf volatiles over a range of concentrations (1, 10 and 100 mg/100 µL), as well as to clover leaves. These plant kairomone components may be potentially useful as repellents or attractants for FRW control and management programme.     

两株镰孢菌的鉴定及其粗毒素对甜瓜幼苗的化感作用

从甜瓜枯萎病发病植株及其根际病土中分离到8株真菌,以甜瓜品种“西甜1号”为材料,采用回接试验和种子萌发试验确定真菌分离物对甜瓜的致病性和生长抑制作用;通过测定盆栽幼苗根系诱导酶活性、抗性物质含量及细胞膜相对透性,研究两株有害真菌粗毒素对甜瓜幼苗的化感作用;根据形态学特征及ITS序列分析对两株有害真菌进行初步鉴定.结果表明： 两株有害真菌TF和HF粗毒素对甜瓜种子萌发以及胚轴、胚根生长具有抑制作用,可导致甜瓜幼苗根系丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白含量及细胞膜相对透性增加,其中TF粗毒素原液处理下甜瓜幼苗根系MDA含量和细胞膜相对透性较对照分别增加108.6%和40.6%.两株有害真菌粗毒素可提高甜瓜幼苗根系保护性诱导酶活性,其中,TF粗毒素10倍稀释液处理下根系苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性较对照分别增加25.6%和23.2%;HF粗毒素原液处理下根系PAL活性较对照提高30.0%.两株有害真菌TF和HF初步鉴定为木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)和层出镰孢菌(F. proliferatum).两株镰孢菌虽然不能通过回接侵染甜瓜,但能通过分泌毒素影响甜瓜正常生长和生理生化代谢,同时提高甜瓜根系保护性诱导酶活性,具有有害和有益双重作用,其化感危害是引起甜瓜连作障碍的主要原因之一.     

Electroantennographic bioassay as a screening tool for host plant volatiles

Plant volatiles play an important role in plant-insect interactions. Herbivorous insects use plant volatiles, known as kairomones, to locate their host plant. When a host plant is an important agronomic commodity feeding damage by insect pests can inflict serious economic losses to growers. Accordingly, kairomones can be used as attractants to lure or confuse these insects and, thus, offer an environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides for insect control. Unfortunately, plants can emit a vast number volatiles with varying compositions and ratios of emissions dependent upon the phenology of the commodity or the time of day. This makes identification of biologically active components or blends of volatile components an arduous process. To help identify the bioactive components of host plant volatile emissions we employ the laboratory-based screening bioassay electroantennography (EAG). EAG is an effective tool to evaluate and record electrophysiologically the olfactory responses of an insect via their antennal receptors. The EAG screening process can help reduce the number of volatiles tested to identify promising bioactive components. However, EAG bioassays only provide information about activation of receptors. It does not provide information about the type of insect behavior the compound elicits; which could be as an attractant, repellent or other type of behavioral response. Volatiles eliciting a significant response by EAG, relative to an appropriate positive control, are typically taken on to further testing of behavioral responses of the insect pest. The experimental design presented will detail the methodology employed to screen almond-based host plant volatiles by measurement of the electrophysiological antennal responses of an adult insect pest navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) to single components and simple blends of components via EAG bioassay. The method utilizes two excised antennae placed across a "fork" electrode holder. The protocol demonstrated here presents a rapid, high-throughput standardized method for screening volatiles. Each volatile is at a set, constant amount as to standardize the stimulus level and thus allow antennal responses to be indicative of the relative chemoreceptivity. The negative control helps eliminate the electrophysiological response to both residual solvent and mechanical force of the puff. The positive control (in this instance acetophenone) is a single compound that has elicited a consistent response from male and female navel orangeworm (NOW) moth. An additional semiochemical standard that provides consistent response and is used for bioassay studies with the male NOW moth is (Z,Z)-11,13-hexdecadienal, an aldehyde component from the female-produced sex pheromone.     

星天牛对青皮垂柳挥发物的电生理及行为反应

【目的】考察星天牛Anoplophora chinensis对不同生理状态青皮垂柳Salix ohsidare挥发物的选择偏好性,深入探究星天牛对虫害青皮垂柳与健康青皮垂柳行为选择差异的原因。【方法】利用动态顶空吸附法,分别收集虫害和健康两种生理状态下的青皮垂柳枝条挥发物,通过气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对收集的挥发物样品进行鉴定与分析,采用触角电位仪(EAG)和Y型嗅觉仪分别分析星天牛对挥发物样品中鉴定的主要化合物的标准化合物的电生理以及行为反应,通过大笼行为实验和林间诱捕试验分析单一挥发性化合物及其双组分和三组分配方对星天牛成虫的诱捕效果。【结果】健康青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中共鉴定出3种主要化合物,包括α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和樟脑,而虫害青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中鉴定出5种主要化合物包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、β-罗勒烯和樟脑。另外虫害青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中的樟脑含量显著高于健康青皮垂柳枝条中的,3-蒈烯在两种挥发物中含量差异不显著,而健康青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中的α-蒎烯含量显著高于虫害青皮垂柳枝条中的。EAG实验表明,星天牛成虫对α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和β-罗勒烯3种化合物的EAG反应相对值较高,并且随这3个化合物浓度的升高而逐渐增大;星天牛成虫对β-蒎烯和樟脑的EAG反应相对值差异不大,且这2个化合物浓度变化对EAG反应相对值无明显影响。Y型嗅觉仪实验表明,在1 mg/mL浓度下,α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和β-罗勒烯吸引星天牛雄成虫数量均显著高于对照组（石蜡油）,β-罗勒烯吸引的星天牛雌成虫数量显著高于对照组;在10 mg/mL浓度下,3-蒈烯吸引的星天牛雄成虫数量显著高于对照组。大笼行为实验表明,三组分虫害配方D(α-蒎烯∶3-蒈烯∶β-罗勒烯=42∶30∶103)、α-蒎烯和β-罗勒烯吸引的星天牛成虫数量最多,显著高于双组分健康配方H(α-蒎烯∶3-蒈烯=105∶38)和3-蒈烯吸引的成虫数量。林间诱捕试验表明,α-蒎烯和虫害配方D对星天牛成虫的诱捕效果最好,诱捕的成虫数显著高于β-罗勒烯和健康配方H诱捕的成虫数,而3-蒈烯和空白对照组没有诱捕到星天牛成虫。【结论】虫害和健康青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中共有的α-蒎烯和虫害青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中特有的β-罗勒烯是对星天牛成虫具有引诱作用的两种重要寄主植物挥发性化合物,而3-蒈烯抑制了α-蒎烯对星天牛成虫的引诱作用。我们推测,虫害青皮垂柳挥发物中特有的β 罗勒烯是造成虫害青皮垂柳比健康青皮垂柳更容易受到星天牛危害的原因之一。     

Electroantennographic and behavioral responses of adults of raspberry weevil Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to odors released from conspecific females

The raspberry weevil, Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important pest in blueberry and raspberry fields in the south of Chile. In this study, we investigated the electroantennographic and behavioral responses of A. superciliosus to semiochemicals released from conspecific individual adults, with particular attention to male attraction to females. Odors released from females significantly attracted males in a Y-tube olfactometer. Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analysis of female volatile extracts revealed the presence of limonene and α-pinene. Electroantennogram recordings from both sexes indicated that males of A. superciliosus possess olfactory sensitivity for the R isomer of limonene and α-pinene, whereas females only perceived R-limonene. Behavioral assays using synthetic compounds showed that only R-limonene elicited an attraction response from male weevils. Field experiments confirmed the laboratory results, showing that R-limonene was attractive to weevils. This is the first report of intraspecific chemical communication in this weevil. We discuss the origin of these compounds, their possible role in the sexual behavior of this species, and their potential use in a pest control strategy.     

Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Cotesia plutellae to plant volatiles

Plant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, but little is currently known about the function of each volatile and their mixtures. We selected 13 volatiles of the DBM host plant, a cruciferous vegetable, to study the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of C. plutellae. EAG responses to each of the compounds generally increased with concentration. Strong EAG responses were to 100 μL/mL of trans‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and cis‐3‐hexenol, and 10 μL/mL of trans‐2‐hexenal and benzaldehyde with the strongest response provoked by trans‐2‐hexenal at 100 μL/mL. In the Y‐tube olfactometer, C. plutellae, was significantly attracted by 1 μL/mL of trans‐2‐hexenal and benzaldehyde. β‐caryophyllene, cis‐3‐hexenol or trans‐2‐hexenal significantly attracted C. plutellae at 10 μL/mL, while nonanal, benzyl alcohol, cis‐3‐hexenol or benzyl cyanide at 100 μL/mL significantly attracted C. plutellae. Trans‐2‐hexenal significantly repelled C. plutellae at 100 μL/mL. EAG of C. plutellae showed strong responses to all mixtures made of five various compounds with mixtures 3 (trans‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, cis‐3‐hexenol, benzyl cyanide, farnesene, eucalyptol) and 4 (trans‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, (R)‐(+)‐limonene, β‐ionone, farnesene, eucalyptol) significantly attracting C. plutellae. These findings demonstrate that the behavior of C. plutellae can be affected either by individual compounds or mixtures of plant volatiles, suggesting a potential of using plant volatiles to improve the efficiency of this parasitoid for biocontrol of P. xylostella.     

枣飞象对枣树植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】枣飞象Scythropus yasumatsui是枣树Zizyphus jujuba主要害虫。近年来,在陕西和山西枣区暴发成灾,造成了严重的经济和生态损失。本研究旨在明确枣树挥发性物质在枣飞象成虫化学通讯中的作用,为该虫植物源引诱剂开发和研制提供基础资料。【方法】利用顶空吸附法收集5个枣树品种(木枣、狗头枣、赞皇枣、骏枣和酸枣)的枣芽挥发物,采用气质联用(GC-MS)进行化学指纹谱的鉴定和分析;随后分别利用触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)仪和Y型嗅觉仪测定枣飞象成虫对17种枣树挥发性物质的EAG和行为反应。【结果】5个品种枣树的枣芽中共鉴定出挥发性物质6类26种,包括9种萜烯类、6种酯类、4种醇类、4种烷类、2种醛类和1种酚类;不同品种枣芽挥发性物质种类和含量具有差异。EAG试验结果表明,枣飞象成虫对测试的17种枣树挥发性物质的EAG反应相对值有明显差异。枣飞象成虫对D-柠檬烯、正十三烷、正十四烷、正十五烷、壬醛、棕榈酸甲酯、油酸甲酯7种挥发性物质的EAG反应较强。当挥发性物质浓度为0.1~100 μg/μL时,随着浓度增加,枣飞象成虫的EAG反应相对值先增加后下降,刺激浓度为50 μg/μL时EAG反应相对值达到最大。50 μg/μL浓度下,枣飞象雌成虫对棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛EAG反应相对值分别为3.84和3.67,雄成虫对棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛EAG反应相对值分别为3.47和3.21,极显著高于对其他挥发性物质的EAG反应相对值。行为反应结果表明,枣飞象雌雄成虫对棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛有明显趋向性, 选择率均大于65%,雄成虫对十五烷有明显趋向性,雌雄成虫对其他供试的物质无明显趋向性。【结论】棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛对枣飞象雌雄成虫均有明显吸引作用,十五烷对雄成虫有明显吸引作用。结果提示棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛可能与枣飞象对不同品种枣树偏好性选择密切相关。