中国东北样带(NECT)东部森林区的植被与表土花粉的定量关系

The eastern forest stands of Northeast China Transect (NECT) were chosen to study the quantitative relationships between vegetation and pollen in surface samples. The indices of A (association index),O(over-representation index),U(under-representation index),C(correlation coefficient) and R(representation coefficient) for each pollen type were calculated. The results indicated that the relationships between vegetation and pollen type in surface samples were significant and the correlation coefficients of 70% pollen types were more than 0.5(α=0.05); the similarity between pollen assemblage and plant community was good and coefficient of similarity was more than 50%. 69 pollen types found in the surface samples could be divided into four groups with TWINSPAN classification and PCA ordination according to A,O,U and C. The four groups reflected the pollination characteristic of plants and the state of pollen conserved in soil. Group 1 was the associative group which could accurately reflect the local vegetation; Group 2 was over-representative group which had high pollen percentage outproportional to vegetation; Group 3 was the under-representative group in which the pollen were hardly obtainable from the soil, and Group 4 was also an under-representative group, in which pollen were easily obtainable in soil where plants directly grow from. The study also showed that A was a parameter to rectify pollen data and it was easier to obtain than parameter R. The parameters A and R have close relation and their regression equation was: A=-0.0421R2+0.2425R+0.3926(r2=0.6021). These groups and indices provide a solid foundation for using pollen data in accurately reinstating vegetation.     

东北长白山垂直林带下现代表土花粉与植被关系

在长白山北坡5个垂直植被带的林下采集29个表土(苔藓)样品进行孢粉分析，同时将其结果作对应分析。结果表明，除个别样品，在长白山垂直植被带的孢粉组合中乔木花粉占优势，其中以松属和桦木属最多，在各植被带均有分布。松属花粉最高含量出现在以红松为主的针阔混交林带的孢粉组合中；桦木属花粉则大量见于亚高山岳桦林带和以栎桦为主的阔叶落叶林带，但前者伴有耐寒、旱的小灌从杜鹃花属花粉，而在后者中则见有大量蕨类孢子。阔叶落叶林带的孢粉组合是以类型多、百分含量高的落叶乔木花粉和大量蕨类饱子为特征。亚高山针叶林带的孢粉组合中出现数量众多的云杉属花粉。在高山苔原带孢粉组合中虽然乔木花粉略占优势，但极少或不见蕨类孢子，与其他植被带比较，草本植物和小灌丛花粉明鲜较多，其中杜鹃属花粉含量在草本中占优势，其中出现苔原带的指示花粉——仙女木属。     

新疆表土中云杉花粉与植被的关系

通过对新疆天山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山、塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地不同植被带中所取的 131个表土样中云杉花粉含量进行百分比统计分析 ,从而确定了影响表土中云杉花粉含量的主要因素是距云杉林地距离、海拔高度、气流和水流等。进而指出在荒漠、荒漠草原表土中云杉花粉含量稳定在 5 %以下 ;林带内表土中云杉花粉含量稳定在 30 %以上 ;在森林线以上的亚高山、高山草甸、高山垫状植被以及高山流石滩植被中表土中云杉花粉含量主要受气流的影响 ,而平原河谷林和平原低地草甸表土中的云杉含量则受水流的制约。     

中国西天山北坡表土花粉与区域植被关系

天山是横亘中国西北的著名山系之一,将新疆分为南、北两个独立的地理区域,其自身也构成了一个完整的自然地理单元.因其山体海拔高,径向跨度大,纬向延伸长,气候、土壤和植被等自然地理要素各方面的区域差异,这对花粉搬运、传播、保存与沉积产生了显著影响.本文根据对西天山北坡采集的50个表土样品花粉分析,结合野外考察资料,揭示了该区...     

青藏高原南部米拉山东、西坡表土花粉与现代植被关系研究

本文通过分析西藏米拉山东、西坡不同植被类型23个表土花粉样品,结合现代植被样方调查资料,探讨了米拉山地区表土花粉组合与现代植被的关系。结果显示,米拉山地区的表土花粉组合特征基本上能够反映出现代植被类型特征,但是在科属类别,组成方面又存在一定的差异性。同时,米拉山地区主要花粉类型代表性R值分析结果表明,灌木植物花粉杜鹃属具有低代表性,草本植物花粉蒿属、禾本科具有超代表性,而莎草科与蓼属则具有低代表性,这为本地区及相似地区古气候重建提供了基础和验证资料。     

基于遥感数据对中国表土花粉进行植被覆盖度定量估算的研究

本文主要探讨利用现代类比法将表土花粉数据定量转换为植被覆盖度的方法,以及该方法在中国复杂地貌和气候环境中应用的可行性和可信度.陆地植被覆盖使用了卫星遥感MODIS 500×500m分辨率的栅格数据,覆盖度分类为乔木、草地和裸地三种.使用的表土花粉数据共1 127个样点,其地理分布基本能够覆盖中国的各种植被类型.用于现代类比法定量计算的化粉变量类型共64个.研究结果表明,计算获得的每个样点的植被覆盖度与MODIS实际观测值具有很好的对应性,基于花粉的覆盖度估算值与遥感实际观测值之间的相关性很高,其中裸地达到0.99,乔木达到0.97,草地为0.95.从空间分布看,利用花粉定量转换的植被覆盖样点可以清楚地识别从裸地向草地和乔木的变化区间,并且与植被分布的实际情况吻合.本研究证明,基于中国表土花粉数据对植被覆盖度的定量恢复足可行的.此外,研究发现乔木覆盖度较高的对应特征花粉较多,主要是松属、栲属、栎属(含青冈栎)、桦属、桤木属、杨梅属、冷杉属,云杉属等,而草地的对应特征花粉类型有莎草科、禾本科、蒿属、蔷薇科、豆科等,裸地主要为麻黄属和藜科等.     

东北长白山垂直林带下现代表土花粉与植被关系

在长白山北坡5个垂直植被带的林下采集29个表土(苔藓)样品进行孢粉分析,同时将其结果作对应分析.结果表明,除个别样品,在长白山垂直植被带的孢粉组合中乔木花粉占优势,其中以松属和桦木属最多,在各植被带均有分布.松属花粉最高含量出现在以红松为主的针阔混交林带的孢粉组合中;桦木属花粉则大量见于亚高山岳桦林带和以栎桦为主的阔叶落叶林带,但前者伴有耐寒、早的小灌丛杜鹃花属花粉,而在后者中则见有大量蕨类孢子.阔叶落叶林带的孢粉组合是以类型多、百分含量高的落叶乔木花粉和大量蕨类孢子为特征.亚高山针叶林带的孢粉组合中出现数量众多的云杉属花粉.在高山苔原带孢粉组合中虽然乔木花粉略占优势,但极少或不见蕨类孢子,与其他植被带比较,草本植物和小灌丛花粉明鲜较多,其中杜鹃属花粉含量在草本中占优势,其中出现苔原带的指示花粉--仙女木属.     

燕山地区表土花粉与植被间的数量关系

 根据表土花粉分析和植被样方调查,燕山地区各植被带的表土孢粉组合在总体面貌上代表了植被组成,但孢粉组合不等于植被组成,而影响其差异的原因是孢粉保存、孢粉产量、外来孢粉和孢粉鉴定。表土花粉的代表性因种属不同而差异颇大,乔木植物花粉中松(Pinus)、桦(Betula)、胡桃     

昆明西山林下表土中花粉与植被间数量关系的初步研究

本文通过对西山林下5块表土分析,初步研究了主要植物花粉的百分含量与其相应植物覆盖率之间的数量关系,并用 R 值表示。按照 R 值的大小,划分为两组:R>1属于超代表性,包括有松、桤木、青冈、蒿和部分蕨类;R<1属于低代表性,包括有油杉、含笑。本文运用 R 值之比值方法计算出油杉属:青冈属:栲属:松属:桤木属=1:21:5:25:30,为今后西山地区林下地质剖面计算化石花粉百分含量提供校正的依据,以期获得恢复地质时期较真实的植被。     

青藏高原南部拉萨半干旱河谷表土花粉与区域植被的关系研究北大核心CSCD

对拉萨半干旱河谷表土花粉和冲积物样品进行对比分析,结果表明,拉萨半干旱河谷的表土花粉组合能较好反映样方植被群落特征,而河流冲积物表层花粉样中,拉萨河中游样品花粉组合能较好地反映其中上游流域植被的总体面貌,下游段河流冲积物花粉组合主要反映河道周围湿地植被群落特征。主成分分析(PCA)结果说明,前两个因子轴的累计贡献率为41.9%,较好地解释了该区域花粉种属的分布与两个轴之间的关系。同时,研究区表土花粉莎草科/(禾本科+蒿属)Cy/(G+A)值由拉萨河中游至下游逐渐减小,反映该流域的湿度从东到西逐渐降低。     

Pollen Analysis of Forest Surface Samples in Kunming Area

Pollen analysis of surface samples is one of the major means in study of pollen representation. The results of palynolopical study on 46 surface samples collected from plots with different vegetation types show that pollen assemblages in surface samples do not reflect major characteristics of vegetation within 20m radius of the surface samples, which is commonly accepted in forest surface sample studies. This is due to general low vegetation cover and broad distribution of pine forest in the study area. In order to avoid possible effects of large amounts of pollen from outside plots, it is considered necessary to test whether pollen in surface samples is mostly from within plots unler consideration or to choose areas with relatively evenly distributed vegetation before calculation of quantitative correction factors is attempted.     

太白山表土花粉和气孔器与植物类型的关系研究

通过陕西太白山13个样点表土花粉组合特征和气孔器及其与植物类型之间关系的分析,结果发现:针阔混交林花粉组合能很好地反映植物类型特征,落叶阔叶林和针叶林花粉组合能较好地与植物类型相对应,高山灌丛草甸花粉组合未能反映植物类型数量特征;主要花粉类型松属、铁杉属和桦属花粉具超代表性,胡桃属和榆属花粉具适宜代表性,落叶松属、冷杉属、杜鹃花科和槭属花粉具低代表性;DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis)分析表明,通过花粉数据能够较好区分不同植被类型,结合气孔器特征能够准确反映植被特征。     

A Study on the Quantitative Relationship between Pinus Pollen in Surface Sample and Pinus Vegetation

Based on percentages of Pinus pollen in surface samples and that of Pinto vegetation, the data indicates that, in Pinus forest its pollen is more then 90% of total tree pollen, while in non-pine area it is usually less than 30%. The factors influencing dispersal of the Pinus pollen, besides production, are air currents and landform. In the Pinus mixed forest the behavior of associate tree pollen has great effect on statistical result of Pin,ts pollen percentage. To estimate quantitatively the relationship between Pinus plant and its pollen, two curves are fitted by powet regression. Although Pinus pollen has great productivity and complex dispersal characteristics, the relationships between Pinus trees and Pinus pollen shown in our data are relatively consistant.     

Numerical Characteristics of Pollen Assemblages of Surface Samples from the West Kunlun Mountains

A total of 31 suface sediment samples were collected from West Kunlun Mountain in south Xinjiang Autonomous Region in northwest China. These samples are from seven types of vegetation: Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey. forest, Sabina Spach. woodland, sub-alpine steppe, alpine meadow, desert vegetion, cushion-vegetation and vegetation adjancent to glaciers. Pollen percentages and pollen concentrations were calculated in all samples. The dominant pollen types in the region are Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Picea, Ephedra, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Compositae etc. In order to reveal the relationship between pollen composition and the vegetation type from which the soil sample was collected, principal component analysis and group average cluster analysis were employed on the pollen data. The results revealed that the major vegetation types in this region could be distinguished by pollen composition: a. Samples from desert vegetation were dominated by pollen of Chenopodiaceae (about 60195%). The percentages of all other pollen types were low. b. Picea forest samples were rich in Picea pollen (about 20%) Sabina forest had more Sabina pollen grains than other vegetation types (about 5%, others <1%). Pollen percentages of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra were comparatively higher (each about 20%) in these samples from the two types of vegetations. C. Pollen percentages of Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae were high in both sub-alpine steppe and alpine meadow. But steppe containal more Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (steppe 33.75% and 32.30%, meadow 15.57% and 19.48% in average), less Cyperaceae and Gramineae (steppe 2.58% and 7.60%, meadow 22.35% and 12.93% in average) than meadow. d. Samples from cushion-vegetation and vegetation adjacent to glaciers were mainly composed of pollen grains transported from other sites. It was not easy to distinguish them from other vegetation types. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis distinguish samples from Picea forest, Sabina woodland, sub-alpine steppe, alpine meadow and desert vegetation. Therefore we think it will be possible to apply the module to reconstruct past vegetation in this region and other similar regions. Regression analysis was also applied to reveal the relationships between pollen and plant percentages of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae and Gramineae. The results indicated that a linear relationship existed between pollen and plant percentages for Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Cyperaeeae.     

表土孢粉模拟的中国生物群区

根据中国第四纪孢粉数据库提供的 6 41个表土孢粉资料 ,利用孢粉生物群区化方法 ,建立了具有 6 86个孢粉类群、31类植物功能型和 14种生物群区的孢粉生物群区化模型。经过检验 ,该模型在模拟中国生物群区、生物群区垂直分异和水平梯度分析方面均取得理想结果。模型已实现了计算机程序化 ,为重建过去地质历史时期的古生物群区和古气候分析 ,提供客观、准确的模型工具。     

Simulation of China Biome Reconstruction Based on Pollen Data from Surface Sediment Samples Members of China Quternary Pollen Data Base

A model for China biome reconstruction was deduced from 641 original pollen data of surface samples by biomazition procedure developed by Prentice et al . Fourteen biome types of China were recognised based on 31 plant fuctinooal types from 686 pollen types. The procedure successfully delineated the major vegetation types in China and, therefore, can provide an objective methord for China biome reconstruction of geological time, e.g. for 6 ka BP and 18 ka BP.