辣椒属种间杂种F_1植株的细胞遗传学研究

本文分析了南京早椒（ＣａｐｓｉｃｕｍｆｒｕｔｅｓｃｅｎｓＬ．ｖａｒ．ＣｏｎｏｉｄｅｅｓＢａｉｌｅｙ）和Ｃ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ二亲本及Ｆ１杂种花粉母细胞减数分裂终变期和中期Ｉ染色体配对的构型。结果表明：二亲本花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对均正常,为１２个二价体（双单倍体２ｎ＝２４）。Ｆ１杂种花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对很不规则。其平均频率分别为单价体０．０３６,二价体９．１８,三价体０．０３６,四价体０．８０,六价体０．３８。南京早椒和Ｃ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ染色体间存在着相互易位,因此,二亲本间彼此有差异。单价体出现极少,这可断定南京早椒与Ｃ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ染色体间是部分同源的,但染色体组结构上存在着差异。由于染色体结构上差异,所以Ｆ１杂种的育性较低。     

影响 培养基PH值变化的因素

植物组织培养基的ＰＨ值一旦外植体植入就开始发生改变,直到达到某一平衡点,不同种的植物有其各自的ＰＨ平衡点。用６种植物（ＰｉｌｏｔｕｓｅｘａｌｔａｔｕｓＤｅｓｓｅｘＬｅｈｍ,ＬｅｃｈｅｎｎｕｌｔｉａｆｏｍａｓｕｓＲ．ＢＲ．,ＲｏｓａｃａｎｉｎａＬ．,Ｍｅｌａｌｅｕｃａａｌｔｅｒｎｉｆｏｌｉａ（Ｍａｉｄｅｎ＆Ｅ．Ｂｅｔｃｈｅ）Ｃｈｅｅｌ,ＡｎｉｇｏｚａｎｔｈｏｓｆｌａｔｉｄｕｓＤＣ．,Ｚｉｅｒｉａｃｙ     

延安市150例高粘综合症患者卡森粘度、卡森屈服值与其它指标相关性研究

本文对延安市１５０例男性高血粘滞综合证患者的卡森粘度（ＣａｓｓｏｎＶｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙ,ＣＶ、ηｃ）、卡森屈服值（Ｃａｓｓｏｎｙｉｅｌｄｓｔｒｅｓｓ,ＣＹ,Ｔｃ）与另外十四项血流变指标的相关性进行了研究,３６例男健康人作对照,以初步观察ＣＶ、ＣＹ的内在规律与临床意义,结果表明病例组ＣＶ与ηａ（２３０Ｓ－１）、ＨＲＶ、ＴＫ、ＩＲ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１或＜０．００５）;ＣＹ与ηａ（２３０Ｓ、４６Ｓ、５．７５ｎ）、ＭＲＶ、ＬＲＶ、ＡＩ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）与ＥＳＲ负相关;ＣＶ与ηａ（５．７５Ｓ）、ＭＲＶ、ＬＲＶ、ＡＩ、Ｆｉｂ,ＣＹ呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）;对照组例数少,相关性差,待后观察。     

祁连山植被水文效应的多层次Fuzzy综合评判

祁连山植被水文效应的多层次Ｆｕｚｚｙ综合评判车克钧,傅辉恩（甘肃省张掖祁连山水源林研究所７３４０００）Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ－ＬｅｖｅｌＦｕｚｚｙＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｎＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ￥．ＣｈｅＫｅｊｕｎ;ＦｕＨｕｉｅｎ（ＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｆｏｒＷａｔｅｒＳｏｕｒｃｅＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ,Ｚｈａｎｇｙｅ,ＧａｎｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ７３４０００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：３１－３５．ＢｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｍｕＩｔｉｐｌｅ－ｌｅｖｅｌｆｕｚｚｙｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅｈｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｆｏｕｒｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｔｙｐｅｓａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ．ＰｉｃｅａｃｒａｓｓｉｆｏｌｉａｆｏｒｅｓｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｔｙｐｅｆｏｒｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｎＱｉｌｉａｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ,Ｓａｂｉｎａｐｒｚｅｗｌｓｋｉｉｆｏｒｅｓｔａ     

安西荒漠植物群落和优势种的分布与环境的关系

应用排序（ＤＣＡ）和回归分析方法对安西砾石戈壁荒漠植物群落及优势种的分布与环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,该区群落的盖度（Ｃ）和密度（Ｄ）均与年降水量（Ｒ）有密切关系,而群落的种类丰富度（Ｎ）则与土壤含盐量（Ｓ）相关,其回归关系式为：Ｃ＝０．０５１９６８１６３ｅ０．０４０７８６８２１Ｒ（Ｒ＝０．９５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｄ＝０．２７１４７９１３ｅ０．０５２７４１８２９Ｒ（Ｒ＝０．９６,Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｎ＝１３．７７４８－６．４７７３０３ｌｇ１０００Ｓ（Ｒ＝０．８３,Ｐ＜０．０１）。即：年降水量是决定戈壁荒漠植物群落盖度和密度的主要因素,土壤含盐量则与群落种类丰富度的关系尤为突出。优势种的抗旱性顺序是：红砂（Ｒｅａｕｍｕｒｉａｓｏｎｇｏｒｉｃａ（（Ｐａｌ．）Ｍａｘｉｍ．）＞泡泡刺（ＮｉｔｒａｒｉａｓｐｈａｅｒｏｃａｒｐａＭａｘｉｍ．）＞黑柴（ＳｙｍｐｅｇｍａｒｅｇｅｌｉＢｇｅ．）＞珍珠（ＳａｌｓｏｌａｐａｓｅｒｉｎａＢｇｅ．）＞膜果麻黄（ＥｐｈｅｄｒａｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉＳｔａｐｆ．）,而耐盐性顺序是：珍珠＞红砂＞黑柴＞泡泡刺＞膜果麻黄     

珍稀濒危植物中小粒种子树种的育苗

珍稀濒危植物中 ,不少树种身为高大乔木 ,可是种子却小得可怜。如水青树（Ｔｅｔｒａｃｅｎ -ｔｒｏｎｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）千粒重仅０．２克 ,香果树（Ｅｍｍｅｎｏｐｔｅｒｙｓｈｅｎｒｙｉ）千粒重０．６克 ,连香树（Ｃｅｒｃｉｄｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）马尾树     

吕梁山严村低中山区植物群落演替分析

采用一次性同时调查的方法获得数据,用数量分类（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）和排序（ＤＣＡ）研究严村低中山植物群落演替。在黄土弃耕地上群落的演替顺序为：苦苣＋狗尾草群落（Ｃｏｍｍ．Ｉｘｅｒｉｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｓｐ．ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ＋Ｓｅｔａｒｉａ ｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ）→蒿类群落（Ｃｏｍｍ．Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｓｐｐ．）→野艾蒿＋披碱草群落（Ｃｏｍｍ．Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｌａｖａｎｄｕｌａｅｆｏｌｉａ＋     

壁山县农田生态系统中氮肥利用与平衡的研究

壁山县农田生态系统中氮肥利用与平衡的研究何新华（云南师范大学生物系,昆明６５００９２）ＮＢａｌａｎｃｅｉｎＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＢｉｓｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙａｆｔｅｒＡｐｐｌｙｉｎｇＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｏｕｓＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓ￥ＨｅＸｉｎｈｕａ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ－ｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＹｕｎｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｋｕｎｍｉｎｇ,６５００９２）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（５）：２９－３５。Ｔｈｅｉｎｐｕｔａｎｄｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄｇｒａｉｎｙｉｅｌｄｄｕｒｉｎｇ１９４９－１９８０ｉｎＢｉｓｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙａｒｅａｎａｌｙｓｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｉｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｉｔｓａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ（－３１．６％,＋１４．０％）ａｎｄｔｈｅｒａ－ｔｉｏｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃ－Ｎｔｏｃｈｅｍｌｃａｌ－Ｎｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｉｎｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ（２．００：０．６７）．Ｉｔｉｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄｔｈａｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｂａｌ－ａｎｃｅｃａｎｂｅｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｐｌａ     

心衰心脏收缩蛋白分子变化及与收缩力的关系

采用ＤＯＣＡ硅胶管皮下埋入法建立大鼠心衰模型,从基因转录水平检测正常与心衰大鼠心肌组织中心肌收缩蛋白分子基因α－ＭＨＣ、β－ＭＨＣ、α－ｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ、α－ｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌａｃｔｉｎ表达的变化。结果显示：（１）心衰大鼠心肌收缩力指标ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ较正常大鼠明显降低（下降２７．５１％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,（２）心衰大鼠与正常大鼠相比,心肌组织中α－ＭＨＣ基因表达水平显著下降（降低２１．４３％,Ｐ＜０．０５）,β－ＭＨＣ基因表达水平显著升高（升高６２．４３％,Ｐ＜０．０１）、α－ｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ基因和α－ｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌａｃｔｉｎ基因表达水平未见明显改变,（３）α－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与心肌收缩力指标ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ值之间存在正相关关系（ｒ＝０．４１４３,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）,β－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ值之间存在负相关关系。（ｒ＝－０．３９０２,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。这提示：心肌组织中ＭＨＣ基因表达水平的改变是心衰时心肌收缩力降低的主要分子基础     

芸苔属脱外壁花粉的分离与人工萌发

芸苔属青菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与紫菜苔（Ｂ． ｃａｍ ｐｅｓｔｒｉｓｖａｒ． ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ）的花粉经低温水合、热激、渗激三步程序,分离出大量具萌发能力的脱外壁花粉,脱外壁率可高达６０％ 以上。在含有碳源与氮源及Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓ培养基盐成分的碱性ＰＥＧ 培养基中,首次使芸苔属脱外壁花粉萌发,萌发率可达３３％ ～４１％ 。在扫描电镜下观察了花粉脱外壁与萌发的过程。讨论了不同植物花粉脱外壁的方法与花粉壁生物学特点的对应关系,以及外壁对花粉萌发的可能作用     

蛋白质序列的一种新的三维图形表示及其应用

基于氨基酸的五字母模型,给出蛋白质序列的一种新的三维图形表示,然后构造一个12维向量来刻画蛋白质序列,这个向量的分量是与12个图形相对应的D／D矩阵的正规化的ALE-指标。最后基于s结构蛋白对冠状病毒进行系统发生分析来阐明该方法的有用性。     

Binaural and frequency representation in the primary auditory cortex of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus

This study examines the binaural and frequency representation in the primary auditory cortex (AC) of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, by using an ear-phone stimulation system. All 306 cortical neurons studied were excited by contralateral sound stimulation but they were either excited, inhibited or not affected by ipsilateral sound stimulation. These cortical neurons were columnarly organized according to their binaural and frequency-tuning properties. The excitation-excitation columns which occupy about 15% of the AC are mainly aggregated within an oval-shaped area of the central AC. The excitation-inhibition neurons and binaural neurons with mixed properties are distributed in the remaining 85% of the surrounding primary AC. Although the best frequency (BF) of these neurons shows a tendency to decrease from high to low along the anteroposterior axis of the primary AC, systematic variation in BF is not always consistent across the entire mapping area. In particular, BFs of cortical neurons isolated in the anterior AC vary quite unsystematically such that neurons with similar BFs are aggregated in isolated patches. Isofrequency and binaural columns are segregated into bands that intersect each other. Accepted: 13 August 1997     

拓扑指数在生物序列相似性比较中的应用

在生物序列的二维图形表示的基础上,利用Balaban指数和信息分布指数比较生物序列的相似性,我们以包括人类等9种不同物种的DNA序列和yar029w等6种蛋白质为例来说明该方法的使用．     

成年大鼠体感皮层局限损伤引起的代表区重组

本文目的是探讨在成年大鼠初级体感皮层（ＳＩ）内进行局限损毁能否引起损毁区周围的代表区重组。在氯胺酮麻醉下用微电极技术测定隐神经代表区（ＳＡＲ）和坐骨神经代表区（ＳＣＲ）,然后用铂电极对ＳＡＲ进行选择性电解损毁。三至四周后进行重复测定。结果表明,在１４例所观察的大鼠中,９例在原损毁区以外发现新生的ＳＡＲ,其面积为０．２０±０．０８ｍｍ２。这表明成年大鼠ＳＩ神经元在中枢损伤后具有一定的重组能力。     

新疆石河子农耕区不同植被类型昆虫群落结构特征

2006年7～9月,用五点抽样法对新疆石河子农耕区不同植被类型中的昆虫群落结构进行调查,共采集到昆虫68种,隶属10目34科,共计6727头,其中叶蝉和蚜虫是主要害虫,瓢虫和草蛉是主要天敌昆虫。群落结构分析表明:在不同植被类型中昆虫群落多样性显著不同,以苗圃的多样性指数最高(2.5739),玉米的最低(1.0189),果木类的高于农作物的,间作的高于单纯植物的。     

Cross-modal representation of human caretakers in squirrel monkeys

We tested whether squirrel monkeys have cross-modal representations of their human caretakers with a 0-delay symbolic matching-to-sample procedure. We first trained the monkeys to match photographs of two of their caretakers. After reaching criterion, they were exposed to two test sessions. In these sessions 32 all-reinforced test trials were interspersed among the training trials. In the test trials, a voice, either matching (congruent condition) or mismatching (incongruent condition) with the sample photographs, was played back after the sample stimulus disappeared. The monkeys' matching accuracies in the incongruent condition were lower than in the match condition. Post hoc analyses revealed that the presentation of the primary caretaker's voice interfered with performance in test trials where the secondary caretaker's face was presented (incongruent condition). This suggests that our subjects recalled their primary caretaker's representation upon hearing the appropriate voice.     

The politics of ethnic representation in Philippine bureaucracy

The good governance argument for diversity in civil service is based on the notion that creating a bureaucracy that represents the diverse communities it serves strengthens government accountability and legitimacy. This paper argues that ethnic representation in national bureaucratic governance in the Philippines primarily constitutes a means for political reallocation of space, as it is embedded in the government's framework of asymmetric political autonomy. Mired in intersecting political and ethnic tensions (i.e. blurred ethnic distinctions/ethnic identity disputes and politico-ethnic conflicts), patrimonial forces could easily exploit the country's bureaucratic representation policies as spaces for patronage and as superficial tokens to mollify interethnic factions of their share of the national polity. Thus, instead of facilitating equitable voice in bureaucratic governance, such policy framework could only hold ordinary indigenous and minority ethnic communities captive in the elite-dominated interethnic struggle for representation.     

黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统耦合过程分析

农业生态经济系统耦合指农业生态系统与农业经济系统按照其固有的互动关系,在人类适当干预和调控下所形成的有机统一体,其耦合态势可以依据农业资源与农业产业之间的循环链网结构予以表示.纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统经历了“系统耦合→系统相悖→系统耦合→高层次上系统局部相悖”的过程,流域中农民的需求、国家宏观政策、经济手段和行政手段对农业生态经济系统耦合态势的调控和干扰是引起这一变化的主要因素.针对纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统耦合过程中存在的问题,今后应建立以林草及其相关产业为中心的耦合体,建设农业生态经济系统优化耦合模式.     

Involving Diverse Interests: Theoretical and Practical Insights from Native Vegetation Management in New South Wales,Australia

Through an Australian case study, this article considers the broad issue of involving multiple stakeholders in processes designed to resolve complex issues that link environment, society, health, and sustainability. The approach adopted to address native vegetation management in New South Wales, a state of Australia, is an interesting attempt at directly involving farming communities with other stakeholders in formulating vegetation management plans. The process included a unique combination of centralized interest group mediation and decentralized regional planning processes through regional committees. The article draws upon evidence from one Regional Vegetation Committee in order to highlight some of the difficulties in coupling together centralized representative group bargaining with decentralized deliberative decision making. Suggestions are made as to further areas for research.