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本文在对金丝猴的三个种群作系统解剖的基础上,与其他灵长类以及金丝猴的三个种群之间进行了比较。结果表明:在金丝猴与其他灵长类进行比较的44个项目中,金丝猴特有者9项;与叶猴相同而与其他灵长类不同者4项;与疣猴类的共同特征9项;与叶猴、类人猿和人相似而为其他猴类所不具备的特征有5项;与类人猿和人相似而为叶猴和其他猴类所不具备的特征有17项。因此,我们认为金丝猴的地位在叶猴之上,是猴超科(Cercopithecoidea) 中最进化的一个属,在灵长类系统发育中处于猴类与猿类之间的中间地位。在金丝猴三个种群之间互异比较中,相互不同的特征均超过60%,似乎完全有理由把它分立为三个种。 相似文献
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金丝猴长骨的异速生长研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章利用14副成年金丝猴骨架(包括滇金丝猴Rhinopithecus bieti;黔金丝猴R.brelichi)对其长骨与体重间的异速生长进行了分析研究。结果表明,在金丝猴的生长发育过程中,前肢的生长速度大于后肢。这种形态特征与金丝猴在运动过程中攀爬垂直支撑物相联系。从肢间指数和生长系数看,金丝猴的前后肢与其它灵长类相比较,相对于体重来说比较短。这是在树上攀缘过程中使重心更接近支撑攀物和使身体稳定的一种适应。对躯干长(STL),肱骨、桡骨、股骨和胫骨经多维变量分析说明了金丝猴的长骨与体重之间的关系,长骨的结构特征与狮尾狒(Theropithecus)、狒狒(Papio)、叶猴(Presbytis)、猕猴(Mcaaca)及长鼻猴(Nasalis)更为接近。在金丝猴的运动特征上,我们据此推测,它们有一部分时间在地上活动,但休息、睡觉、寻食及逃避敌害等时在树上。因此,在运动中,跳跃、臂摆荡和悬吊不是它们的主要运动方式。 相似文献
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2005 ~2008 年于陕西省青木川自然保护区使用瞬时扫描法观察了川金丝猴的食性。结果表明,川金丝猴冬季和夏季共取食42 种植物,可鉴定植物归属23 科34 属。川金丝猴食物类型包括果实、花、树叶、树皮、树芽。夏季取食21 种植物的果实或树叶;冬季取食25 种植物。树叶是其冬季主要食物,取食频次占总取食频次的73.0% ;夏季取食果实的频次占总取食频次的72.2% ,灯台树果实是其主要食物。啃食树皮行为主要发生在落叶阔叶林、针叶林与落叶阔叶混交林;在常绿和落叶阔叶混交林中,树皮啃食强度则相对较小。与其它地区金丝猴的食性比较,该地区川金丝猴食物谱较宽。蔷薇科和壳斗科植物在川金丝猴食物组成中最多,杨柳科、桦木科、山茱萸科、槭树科和忍冬科植物也取食较多。 相似文献
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川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)是我国特有珍稀濒危物种,了解其种群遗传结构和关键影响因素,对该物种的保护具有重要意义。以我国分布最东端的湖北神农架川金丝猴种群为研究对象,基于非损伤性DNA技术和微卫星DNA遗传标记等分子生物学方法及景观遗传参数,探讨了神农架川金丝猴的遗传多样性和遗传结构,旨在为川金丝猴的研究及川金丝猴种群的可持续发展提供理论基础。利用12个多态性微卫星位点,在455份川金丝猴粪便样品中,共检测到62个微卫星等位基因;共鉴定出316个不同川金丝猴个体;种群的平均期望杂合度、平均观察杂合度和多态性信息含量分别为0.626、0.559和0.650;群体间的Nei's遗传距离为0.046—0.139,分化系数为0.015—0.046。结果表明与其他地区川金丝猴种群相比,神农架川金丝猴种群具有较低的遗传多样性水平,种群内部存在遗传分化趋势;结合景观参数分析表明地理距离不是影响神农架川金丝猴群体间遗传距离的主要因素,而生境中的灌丛和草地以及人类活动干扰可能是影响川金丝猴遗传交流的主要因素。 相似文献
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滇金丝猴、藏酋猴和猕猴咀嚼装置骨学特征的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对滇金丝猴、藏酋猴和猕猴毛耳亚种中与咀嚼有关的48项骨学特征作了比较,试图探讨它们在功能与形态及行为方面的相关关系。对所得变量进行了多变量统计分析、齿弓对称性分析及咀嚼能力分析。结果表明:滇金丝猴与猕猴属具有不同的下颌形状。前者齿弓对称性比后者好,且具有更强的咀嚼能力;藏酋猴的咀嚼能力远较毛耳猴接近滇金丝猴;咬啐坚果的能力与咀嚼能力大小相反。在下颌发育中有异速生长现象。据此对食性的推测与已有的野外观察资料相符。 相似文献
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《四川动物》2019,(6)
利用红外相机收集四川卧龙国家级自然保护区内川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellana的行为、动作模式及活动环境等特征的视频数据,以"姿势-动作-环境"为轴心,行为的生态功能为依据,完成川金丝猴行为谱的建立,并对其行为进行分类和系统编码。经视频数据辨识分析,共统计到野生川金丝猴的17种姿势、84种动作和116种行为。将这些行为与滇金丝猴R.bieti、黔金丝猴R.brelichi进行对比,发现3种金丝猴的大部分行为具有一致性;但栖息环境的差异、长时间的地理隔离以及后天的学习使得这些行为又表现出了差异性:一是行为的差异性,不同物种具有各自特殊的行为,如川金丝猴特有的跳跃采食行为和雌性匍匐邀配行为;二是行为效应的差异性,如快理等动作在不同物种中表达了不同的行为效应。完善和建立川金丝猴的行为谱有利于更全面、更准确地了解其行为生态学基本特征,同时为其深入研究提供基础数据。 相似文献
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Shoichi Nakakuki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1991,32(3):403-408
The bronchial ramification in one specimen of gorilla lung was examined from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy, on the
basis of the fundamental structure of bronchial ramification in the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980). The right lung of the gorilla consists of the upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes. The right lung has
the dorsal, lateral, and ventral bronchiole systems, but the medial bronchiole system is lacking. The upper lobe is formed
by the first branch of the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole
system. The accessory lobe is formed by the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles constitute
the lower lobe. The left lung consists of the middle and lower lobes; the upper and accessory lobes are lacking. The left
lung has the dorsal and lateral bronchiole systems, but the ventral and medial bronchiole systems are lacking. The middle
lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles constitute the lower lobe.
The bronchial ramifications of the gorilla lung are rather similar to those of the human lung. 相似文献
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The authors examined the lung of one Diana monkey (Cercopithecus diana). The right lung consists of upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes, the upper and middle lobes being united dorsally.
The accessory and lower lobes are separated from the other lobes by fissures. The left lung consists of a bi-lobed middle
lobe and a lower lobe. These lobes are separated by an interlobular fissure. The Diana monkey has dorsal, lateral, ventral,
and medial bronchiole systems on either side. The upper lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the dorsal bronchiole system.
The middle lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the lateral bronchiole system and the accessory lobe is formed by the
first bronchiole of the ventral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles of the four bronchiole systems constitute the
lower lobe. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole, and then across the
dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it runs between the dorsal and lateral bronchiole systems, along
the dorso-lateral side of the right bronchus. During its course, the right pulmonary artery gives off arterial branches running
along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole. The left pulmonary artery runs across the dorsal side of the left middle
lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it follows the same course as in the right lung, giving off arterial branches. The pulmonary
veins run along the ventral or medial side of the bronchiole, and between the bronchioles. 相似文献
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Shoichi Nakakuki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1992,33(2):265-272
The bronchial ramification and lobular division in lungs of two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were examined from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy, on the basis of the fundamental structure of bronchial ramification
of the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980). The right lung of the chimpanzee consists of the upper, middle, and lower lobes, whereas the left lung consists
of the middle and lower lobes. The right and left lungs have the dorsal bronchiole system, lateral bronchiole system, and
medial bronchiole system. The ventral bronchiole system is lacking on both sides. The right upper lobe is formed by the first
branch of the dorsal bronchiole system. The right middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system,
and the right accessory lobe bronchiole is lacking. The remaining bronchioles constitute the right lower lobe. In the left
lung, the upper and accessory lobes are lacking. The well developed middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral
bronchiole system. The left lower lobe is formed by the remaining bronchioles. Furthermore, these bronchioles are compared
with those of the human lung byBoyden (1955). 相似文献
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The lobular division, bronchial tree, and blood vessels in lungs of seven squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were examined from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy. The right lung of the squirrel monkey consists of the upper, middle,
lower, and accessory lobes, whereas the left lung consists of the upper, middle, and lower lobes. These lobes are completely
separated by interlobular fissures. In three of seven examples examined the left middle lobe was lacking. The squirrel monkey
lung has four bronchiole systems, i.e. dorsal, lateral, ventral, and medial, on both sides. The upper lobes are formed by
the first branches of the dorsal bronchiole systems. The middle lobes are formed by the first branches of the lateral bronchiole
systems. The remaining bronchioles constitute the lower lobes. In addition to the above lobes, in the right lung, the accessory
lobe is present, being formed by the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The right pulmonary artery runs across
the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole, and then across the dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole.
Thereafter, it runs between the dorsal bronchiole and lateral bronchiole systems along the dorso-lateral side of the right
bronchus. During its course, the right pulmonary artery gives off the arterial branches which run along each bronchiole. These
branches run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side of the bronchioles. In the left lung, the pulmonary artery and its branches
run the same course as in the right lung. The pulmonary veins run mainly the ventral or medial side of the bronchioles, and
between the bronchioles. 相似文献
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Shoichi Nakakuki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(3):369-375
The author injected various colored celluloid solutions into the bronchial tree and blood vessels of the lungs of five adult
Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in order to prepare cast specimens. These specimens were investigated from the comparative anatomical viewpoint to determine
whether the bronchial ramification theory of the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980) can be applied to the Japanese monkey lung or not.
The bronchioles are arranged stereotaxically like those of other mammalian lungs. The four bronchiole systems, dorsal, ventral,
medial, and lateral, arise from both bronchi, respectively, although some bronchioles are lacking. In the right lung, the
bronchioles form the upper, middle, accessory, and lower lobes, while in the left lung, the upper and accessory lobes are
lacking and bi-lobed middle and lower lobes are formed. In the right lung, the upper lobe is formed by the first branch of
the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lobe is the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The accessory lobe is
the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The lower lobe is formed by the remaining bronchioles of the four bronchiole
systems. In the left lung, the middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The lower lobe
is formed by the remaining bronchioles. Thus, the bronchial ramification theory of the mammalian lung applied well to the
Japanese monkey lung.
The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole. It then runs along the dorso-lateral
side of the right bronchus between the dorsal bronchiole system and the lateral bronchiole system. On its way, it gives off
branches of the pulmonary artery which run along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole except in the ventral bronchiole
system. In the ventral bronchiole system, the branches run along the ventral side of the bronchioles. The distributions of
the pulmonary artery in the left lung are the same as those in the right lung.
The pulmonary veins do not always run along the bronchioles. Most of them run on the medial or ventral side of the bronchioles.
Some of them run between the pulmonary segments. In the right lung, these pulmonary veins finally form the right upper lobe
vein, right middle lobe vein and the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk before entering the left atrium. However, the
right accessory lobe vein runs on the dorsal side of the bronchiole and pours into the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk.
In four cases out of the five examples, part of the right lower lobe veins pour into the right middle lobe vein, while the
others enter the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. In the left lung, the branches of the pulmonary veins finally form
the left middle lobe vein and the left lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. 相似文献
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The bronchial tree and lobular division of the lungs of four white handed gibbons (Hylobates agilis) were examined from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy, based upon the fundamental structure of the bronchial ramifications
of the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980). The right lung of the white handed gibbon consists of the upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes, whereas
the left lung consists of the middle and lower lobes. Each lobe is separated by the interlobular fissure, on both sides. The
right and left lungs have the dorsal bronchiole system, lateral bronchiole system, and ventral bronchiole system. The medial
bronchiole system is lacking on both sides. In the right lung, the upper lobe is formed by the first branch of the dorsal
bronchiole system. The middle lobe is formed by the first brach of the lateral bronchiole system, and the accessory lobe by
the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles constitute the right lower lobe. In the left
lung, the upper lobe bronchiole, which is the first branch of the dorsal bronchiole system, is lacking. Therefore, the middle
lobe bronchiole, i.e. the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system, is well developed. The accessory lobe bronchiole,
the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system, is also lacking. The remaining bronchioles constitute the left lower lobe.
These features were compared with those of other apes and man. 相似文献
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江豚气管和肺的解剖学与组织学研究 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
鲸类气管和肺的解剖学研究,早在17世纪末就开始进行。近年来,我国的珍稀动物白鱀豚(Lipotes vexillifer)已分别由陈宜瑜等(1975)进行了形态解剖,刘仁俊等(1980)进行了呼吸系统的解剖和组织学研究。有关江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)的呼吸系统仅秉志(1926)作过极简短的大体结构描述,有关其组织学的观察,目前尚无报道。本文对江豚气管、肺的解剖和组织学进行了详细的观察。 相似文献
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The lungs of three silvered lutongs (Presbytis cristata) were examined. The right and left lungs have the dorsal, lateral, ventral, and medial bronchiole systems, which arise from
the corresponding sides of both bronchi, respectively. Bronchioles in the dorsal and lateral bronchiole systems are well developed,
whereas those in the ventral and medial bronchiole systems are poorly developed and lack some portions. According to the fundamental
structure of bronchial ramifications of the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980), the right lung consists of the upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes, whereas the left lung consists of
a bilobed middle lobe and a lower lobe, in which the right upper lobe is extremely well developed. The right pulmonary artery
runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole, and then across the dorsal side of the right middle lobe
bronchiole. Initially it runs along the lateral side of the right bronchus and then gradually comes to run along the dorsal
side. During its course, it gives off branches which run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side of the bronchiole. The left
pulmonary artery runs across the dorsal side of the left middle lobe bronchiole, and then follows the same course as that
in the right lower lobe. The pulmonary veins run medially or ventrally to the bronchioles, and finally enter the left atrium
as four or five large veins. 相似文献
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To study the influence of blood flow on postpneumonectomy lung growth, we banded the left caudal lobe pulmonary artery of eight ferrets in such a way that blood flow to the caudal lobe did not increase when the right lung was excised 1 wk later. The fraction of the cardiac output received by the right lung before pneumonectomy was therefore directed entirely to the left cranial lobe. Three weeks after pneumonectomy the weight, volume, and protein and DNA contents of the two lobes of the left lung were measured and compared with those of five unoperated animals and eight animals after right pneumonectomy alone. Although its perfusion did not increase after pneumonectomy, the left caudal lobe of banded animals participated in compensatory growth, increasing in weight and protein and DNA contents. Although the cranial lobe of banded animals received 25% more of the cardiac output than the same lobe in pneumonectomized animals, cranial lobe volume and protein and DNA contents in the two groups were similar. Caudal lobes were smaller in banded than in simple pneumonectomized animals and tended to contain less protein, whereas the cranial lobes tended to be heavier. We conclude that increased pulmonary perfusion is not necessary for compensatory lung growth in adult ferrets, but it may modify this response. 相似文献