Radiodiagnosis of liver hemangiomas

A combined use of radiation methods in the diagnosis of liver hemangiomas is considered. Twenty-two hemangiomas were detected in 18 patients using ultrasound investigation (USI), computerized tomography (CT) and angiography. The most characteristic signs of hemangiomas were identified. USI and CT were shown quite reliable in the detection of hemangiomas. They can be used for solving diagnostic problems depending on a situation. A diagnostic algorithm envisaging the most optimum use of USI, CT and angiography in liver hemangiomas, was developed.     

Radiologic diagnosis of focal liver lesions

The paper is concerned with analysis of the results of combined investigation of 54 patients with focal liver lesions. USI, CT, angiography and radionuclide scintigraphy were performed. The diagnostic efficacy of USI and CT was 94.4 and 90.7%, respectively, that of scintigraphy was 68.5%, that of angiography was 55.5%. A scheme of the effective use of radiation methods in the diagnosis of sizable formations of the liver was worked out.     

Ultrasonics in the diagnosis of stomach tumors]

Proceeding from analysis of over 2000 ultrasound investigations (USI) the role of this method in the diagnosis of stomach tumors was defined (employed during routine investigation of the abdominal cavity and as a procedure with liquid filling of the stomach cavity). Ultrasound semiotics of a neoplastic process of the stomach was described. USI can be used for screening and specification. Various methodological approaches were proposed with regard to purposes to be achieved. Routine methods (x-ray and endoscopy) were shown to remain the chief methods. USI can be used in doubtful cases or for obtaining detailed information. The most valuable are its potentialities in showing details of intraparietal changes in endophytic stomach carcinomas which are difficult for diagnosis.     

Potentialities of ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis of metastases of lung cancer in the mediastinal lymph nodes]

The results of routine roentgenotomography, CT and USI in the diagnosis of intrathoracic metastases of lung cancer were compared in 69 patients (central type--52, peripheral--17). These results were compared with operative findings in 45 patients. The sensitivity of USI in the diagnosis of enlarged paravasal lymph nodes exceeded that of roentgenotomography and was slightly inferior to CT. CT was informative for all mediastinal lymph nodes whereas tomography and USI were informative in certain areas only. The authors recommend to combine the use of routine and ultrasound tomography to assess the spreading of lung cancer to the mediastinum. The information obtained increases the accuracy of staging and specifying a process, slightly yielding CT results.     

Computed tomography symptomatology of liver hemangiomas]

The paper is concerned with analysis of CT-symptomatology of 72 liver hemangiomas in 43 patients. The authors employed standard and dynamic computerized tomography. All hemangiomas were divided into 2 groups: under 6 cm and over 6 cm. Small hemangiomas were characterized by clear-cut contours and regular density. Zones of low density, regular in structure with clear-cut contours were revealed by CT in hemangiomas over 6 cm. Morphologically, this zone corresponded to a hyaline structure (a hyaline slot) making it possible to differentiate hemangiomas from necrotic tumors. In serious cases dynamic CT with visual evaluation and plotting of time-density graphs was recommended. Visually hemangioma had a picture of contrast medium accumulation, beginning from a focal periphery. Graphically the time of appearance of a contrast medium and the time of reaching a maximum for hemangiomas is delayed as compared to the same intervals of contrast medium accumulation in the liver parenchyma. It tells hemangioma graphs from graphs of other tumors, of which intervals coincide with those of liver parenchyma graphs.     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of endophytic cancer of the stomach

The authors discuss the potentialities of CT in the diagnosis of endophytic stomach cancer. They proposed a method for CT of the stomach based on a pneumatic study of its lumen via a nasogastric probe with graded inflation and repeated CT imaging. The major CT-semiotics of endophytic stomach cancer were obtained. This method should be employed in combination with the existing routine methods of stomach cancer diagnosis, and its efficacy is in direct relation to the quality of preliminary routine x-ray and endoscopic investigations.     

Ultrasonography and computed tomography in the detection of overlooked gauze surgical dressings]

USI and CT were performed in 14 patients with textile foreign bodies left in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space during operation on the biliary tracts (6 cases), kidneys (4 cases), pancreas (2), stomach (1), and during appendectomy (1). A decisive sign in USI that enabled one to detect gauze foreign bodies, was a stable echogenic zone corresponding to a proximal body contour with a solid acoustic shadow behind. Extra-organic localization of these changes contributed to making diagnosis. A certain amount of fluid could be seen around a foreign body during an exudative reaction. In CT, diagnosis was based on the detection of a formation with a capsule containing calcinates and air masses.     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of pathological states of the lumbar diaphragm. 2: diseases of the diaphragm]

CT potentialities in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic diseases were considered. CT provides valuable information in relaxations of the diaphragm and diaphragmitides, permitting the detection of infiltration of the diaphragm by a tumor, retroperitoneal fibrosis, diaphragmatic cysts, Bochdalek's hernia, and hernias of the esophageal opening. An algorithm for investigation of patients with suspected diaphragmatic pathological conditions was proposed.     

The computed tomographic semiotics of inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri

The authors sum up the results of CT and clinical investigation of 46 women with inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages: salpingo-oophoritis, pyosalpinx, pyoovarium, and 2 types of tuboovarian abscesses. They have shown CT potentialities in differential diagnosis of inflammations of the uterine appendages with cysts and true ovarian tumors on the basis of routine investigation and an iv contrast study of intensified images. Retrospective analysis of the most typical diagnostic errors is given.     

Computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of biliary, duodenal and pancreatic diseases]

The paper is concerned with analysis of CT-investigation of 150 patients with diseases of the bilio-pancreatoduodenal area, whose diagnosis was verified histologically or by clinical observation over time, using other methods (USI, RCPG, etc.). The authors have arrived at a conclusion that for increasing the informative value of CT one should use various methods of a contrast study of the duodenum and biliary tract, electron reconstruction of CT images in different projections. They have pointed out the most significant differential-diagnostic CT signs, proposed a table to facilitate the identification of causes and a level of obturation of the bile ducts, the table playing an important role in a choice of adequate therapy.     

Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of aneurysm and coarctation of the thoracic aorta]

MR-tomography (MRT) was performed in 25 patients with aneurysms and in 11 with coarctation of the thoracic aorta. For investigations a device with a resistive magnet (the force of a field--0.23 T) was used simultaneously with ECG. MRT revealed all cases of aortic dissection (10 patients) and one case with a false-positive result. Oblique sections in the direction of the thoracic aorta were used to assess the state of the aortic arch branches. Comparison of MRT and x-ray computerized tomography has shown that the diagnostic value of both methods was almost equal, however MRT was a safer method and easier to use. MRT was shown to be a method of choice for diagnosis of aneurysms and coarctations of the thoracic aorta but cannot be a substitution for aortography.     

Computed tomography in the comprehensive diagnosis of acute diseases and injuries

The author presents the results of a CT use during combined investigation on 2500 patients and the wounded who were admitted to hospital on emergency as well as patients who developed serious complications during treatment, especially in the postoperative period. CT findings were verified during operation, at autopsy or during a follow-up. They were indicative of a high effectiveness of emergency CT of different organs and systems in the diagnosis of lesions, acute diseases and their complications. The use of CT permitted considerable reduction of a diagnostic (preoperative) period, a decrease in use of routine invasive x-ray and surgical methods, and the improvement of therapeutic results.     

Diagnostic possibilities of roentgeno-endoscopic and morphologic methods of examining the colon in nonspecific colitis

The paper is concerned with comparative assessment of the diagnostic potentialities of the x-ray, endoscopic and pathomorphological methods of investigation. The results of the examination of 100 patients operated upon for nonspecific ulcerative colitis (54) and Crohn's disease (46) were analyzed. The advantages of these methods were demonstrated. A conclusion was made of the necessity of the use of the above methods for specified diagnosis of nonspecific colitis.     

多层螺旋CT 血管造影在脑动脉瘤中应用

目的:观察多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法:对16例脑动脉瘤患者的多层螺旋CT血管造影结果进行总结分析.结果:多层螺旋CT血管造影的诊断准确性与DSA无明显差异;多层螺旋CT血管造影显示动脉瘤的部位、大小、动脉瘤颈结构及其与周围血管的关系等与手术结果基本符合.结论:多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的诊断准确率高,具备十分重要的临床应用价值.     

Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension]

MR tomography was used for investigation of 38 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and 26 healthy persons. A possibility of the use and practical value of the method in the diagnosis and evaluation of renal function and renal arteries (RA) were under study. Some quantitative MRT indices were calculated both for the patients and healthy persons. They included spin-spin relaxation time, proton density, and signal intensity. These data can provide important information on renal function in RVH with relation to kidney sizes and the state of the renal parenchyma (evaluation of the cortical substance and medulla and the border between them). In some cases MRT ensures noninvasive diagnosis of PA stenosis.     

Static and dynamic scintigraphy of the liver using labeled erythrocytes in the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma]

In order to find hemodynamic differences between hemangioma (n = 10) and other tumours of the liver (n = 15) dynamic angioscintigraphy and late vascular scintigraphy of the liver were performed. Late vascular scintigraphy has revealed focal cumulation of the labelled erythrocytes in 7 hemangiomas of the diameter of 35 mm, 3 hemangiomas below this size have not been diagnosed with this technique. Beside hemangiomas, a focus of erythrocytes cumulation was found also in the hepatocellular adenoma. Arterial blood supply to hemangioma was significantly higher, than that in the malignant tumours of the liver (54.6% vs 31.7%). Other parameters of the early phase of angioscintigraphy have no diagnostic value in the differentiating the hepatic tumours. Vascular scintigraphy of the liver proved to be a valuable technique in the diagnosis of large hemangiomas only.     

Current radiation diagnosis of pyelonephritis

The paper deals with the current diagnosis of nonspecific and specific (tuberculosis) acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Having rather ample materials (308 patients with different forms of acute and chronic pyelonephritis), the authors compared different introscopic techniques (plain X-ray study, excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and angiography) used in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with pyelonephritis. Based on their own findings and on the data available in the literature, the authors described the symptomatology of pyelonephritis in detail by using a great variety of diagnostic techniques. The paper shows the place and potentialities of conventional X-ray in a variety of current diagnostic studies and the potentialities of imaging techniques in recognizing pyelonephritis, assessing their extent and the reserve potentialities of the diseased kidney. The authors show that the rational use of routine and current radiographic techniques is of great diagnostic and prognostic value, enhances the efficiency of therapy for pyelonephritis, shortens treatment periods, reduces the number of radical nephrectomies by using organ-sparing operations more widely, and decreases mortality rates.     

Magnetic resonance tomography of malignant tumors of the maxilla]

The authors discussed their experience in investigating 20 patients with maxillary malignant tumors using routine x-ray studies and MR-tomography, and 13 patients, investigated in the same way plus CT. MRT permitted defining a topical localization of a tumor and its spreading to adjacent anatomical regions (the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, pharynx and peripharyngeal space, orbit, buccal soft tissues, and the cranial cavity). MRT was used to differentiate between tumor tissue and inflammation even within the sinus. As to the detection of osseous destruction, CT seemed much more superior than MRT. It was only in one patient that x-ray findings brought about better results than MRT because of artefacts resulting from metal crowns on the affected side.     

The role of multi-slice computed tomography in stable angina management: a current perspective

Contrast-enhanced CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has evolved as a reliable alternative imaging modality technique and may be the preferred initial diagnostic test in patients with stable angina with intermediate pre-test probability of CAD. However, because CTCA is moderately predictive for indicating the functional significance of a lesion, the combination of anatomic and functional imaging will become increasingly important. The technology will continue to improve with better spatial and temporal resolution at low radiation exposure, and CTCA may eventually replace invasive coronary angiography. The establishment of the precise role of CTCA in the diagnosis and management of patients with stable angina requires high-quality randomised study designs with clinical outcomes as a primary outcome.