A Taphrina on Potentilla erecta new in Slovakia

A species of Taphrina was collected on Potentilla erecta in Slovakia for the first time. It causes yellowish thickening of stems and leaves. The fungus was identified as Taphrina tormentillae, that is quite common on Potentilla erecta in the north Europe.     

Truepera radiovictrix gen. nov., sp. nov., a new radiation resistant species and the proposal of Trueperaceae fam. nov

Two isolates, belonging to a new species of a novel genus of the Phylum “Deinococcus/Thermus ”, were recovered from hot spring runoffs on the Island of São Miguel in the Azores. Strains RQ-24^T and TU-8 are the first cultured representatives of a distinct phylogenetic lineage within this phylum. These strains form orange/red colonies, spherical-shaped cells, have an optimum growth temperature of about 50 °C, an optimum pH for growth between about 7.5 and 9.5, and do not grow at pH below 6.5 or above pH 11.2. These organisms grow in complex media without added NaCl, but have a maximum growth rate in media with 1.0% NaCl and grow in media containing up to 6.0% NaCl. The organisms are extremely ionizing radiation resistant; 60% of the cells survive 5.0 kGy. These strains are chemoorganotrophic and aerobic; do not grow in Thermus medium under anaerobic conditions with or without nitrate as electron acceptor and glucose as a source of carbon and energy, but ferment glucose to d-lactate without formation of gas. The organisms assimilate a large variety of sugars, organic acids and amino acids. Fatty acids are predominantly iso- and anteiso-branched; long chain 1,2 diols were also found in low relative proportions; menaquinone 8 (MK-8) is the primary respiratory quinone. Peptidoglycan was not detected. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological, biochemical and chemical analysis we describe a new species of one novel genus represented by strain RQ-24^T (CIP 108686^T = LMG 22925^T = DSM 17093^T) for which we propose the name Truepera radiovictrix. We also propose the family Trueperaceae fam. nov. to accommodate this new genus.     

Metschnikowia henanensis sp. nov., a new anamorphic yeast species isolated from rotten wood in China

Four yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples collected from two sites in the Baotianman Nature Reserve and the Laojieling Nature Reserve in China. DNA sequence comparison and other taxonomic characteristics identified the strains as a single novel species of the genus Metschnikowia. The name Metschnikowia henanensis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these highly divergent organisms with the type strain BY-97^T (= CICC 1982^T = CBS 12677^T). The novel species produced chlamydospores, but it did not exhibit ascospore formation in sporulation media for 4 weeks. Molecular phylogeny from the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences placed this new species in a basal position to the Metschnikowia viticola/Candida kofuensis/Metschnikowia noctiluminum subclade, and an undescribed Candida species namely strains IMB-EMP4 and IMB-EMP5 was a close sister to M. henanensis.     

Kazachstania psychrophila sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic yeast isolated from vacuum-packed beef

Five novel ascosporogenous yeast strains (H382, H396, H409, H433^T and H441) were found through a survey of vacuum-packed beef microbiota. Sequence analysis of ITS domain and LSU rRNA genes showed that the new strains represent a distinct lineage within the genus Kazachstania, closely related to Kazachstania lodderae (97.0 % identity) and Kazachstania ichnusensis (96.1 % identity). The main difference of strains H382, H396, H409, H433^T and H441 to strains of known Kazachstania species is the maximum growth temperature, which is below 20 °C for the new strains, whereas related species grow at 25 °C. Furthermore, the strains differed from known Kazachstania species in assimilation and fermentation patterns of carbon sources. Based on these characteristics, the five strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Kazachstania for which the name Kazachstania psychrophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H433^T (DSM 26230^T=CBS 12689^T). The Mycobank number of the type strain is MB 803980.     

Citeromyces cibodasensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from leaf litter in Indonesia

A novel yeast species was isolated from leaf litter of Macropanax dispermus obtained from the Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia. The two strains of the species displayed typical characteristics of the genus Citeromyces. Phylogenetic analysis based on the gene sequences of the D1/D2 domains of large subunit (LSU) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) including 5.8S rDNA, mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA gene (MtSm), and translation elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) showed that the novel strains were clearly separated from the other four existing species of the genus Citeromyces. Therefore, the two strains were proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Citeromyces, for which the name Citeromyces cibodasensis is proposed; the type strain is NBRC 110244^T (= CBS 14272^T?=?InaCCY703^T?=?AK 01).     

Yarrowia porcina sp. nov. and Yarrowia bubula f.a. sp. nov., two yeast species from meat and river sediment

Eleven yeast strains representing two hitherto undescribed species were isolated from different kinds of meat samples in Hungary and one from the sediment of a tropical freshwater river in Southeastern Brazil. The analysis of the sequences of their large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 domain and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions placed the two new species in the Yarrowia clade. Some of the seven strains representing the first new species can mate and give rise to asci and form ascospores embedded in capsular material, which qualifies it as the third teleomorph species of the Yarrowia clade. The name Yarrowia porcina sp. nov. (type strain: NCAIM Y.02100^T = CBS 12935^T = NRRL Y-63669^T, allotype strain UFMG-RD131^A = CBS 12932^A) is proposed for this new yeast species, which, based on physiological characters, is indistinguishable from Yarrowia lipolytica and some other species of the genus. Considerable intraspecific variability was detected among the sequences of the large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 domains of the seven strains. The variability among the D1/D2 sequences exceeded the divergence observed among the ITS sequences and in some cases more than 1 % substitution among the D1/D2 sequences was detected. The conspecificity of these strains was supported by the low (0–3 substitutions) sequence divergence among their ITS sequences, the result of a parsimony network analysis utilizing the concatenated ITS and D1/D2 sequences and also by the fingerprint patterns generated by microsatellite primed PCR. No ascospore formation was observed in the group of the other five strains representing the second new species. These strains shared identical D1/D2 and ITS sequences. Yarrowia bubula f.a., sp. nov. (type strain: NCAIM Y.01998^T = CBS 12934^T = NRRL Y-63668^T) is proposed to accommodate these strains.     

Pseudozyma vetiver sp. nov., a novel anamorphic ustilaginomycetous yeast species isolated from the phylloplane in Thailand

Three strains representing one novel yeast species were isolated from the phylloplanes of the vetiver grasses (DMKU-LV90 and DMKU-LV99^T) and sugarcane (DMKU-SP260) collected in Thailand by leaf washing followed by a plating technique. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the three strains were found to represent a single novel anamorphic ustilaginomycetous yeast species in the genus Pseudozyma. The name Pseudozyma vetiver sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species. The type strain is DMKU-LV99^T (BCC 61021 = CBS 12824). The novel species showed phylogenetic relationships to the other members of the genus Pseudozyma and to teleomorphic fungal genera, namely Ustilago, Sporisorium and Anomalomyces in Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales. The three strains showed identical sequences both in the D1/D2 and ITS regions. The Pseudozyma species closest to the novel species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity in the D1/D2 region was Pseudozyma pruni but with 2.3 % nucleotide substitutions (14 nucleotide substitutions and no gaps out of 606 nt). The novel species and P. pruni differed by 10.9 % nucleotide substitutions (75 nucleotide substitutions and 31 gaps out of 691 nt) in the ITS region. The phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene showed that the novel species was found to be most closely related to Pseudozyma fusiformata but with 2.9 % nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 region and 7.4 % nucleotide substitutions in the ITS region.     

Rhizobium croatiense sp. nov. and Rhizobium redzepovicii sp. nov., two new species isolated from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in Croatia

Phaseolus vulgaris is a legume indigenous to America which is nodulated by strains of genus Rhizobium in Croatia. Four of these strains, 13T^T, 9T, 18T^T and 8Z are phylogenetically close to the species from the Rhizobium leguminosarum phylogenetic complex in the 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results of both the analyses of the concatenated recA and atpD genes and whole genomes revealed that the strains 13T^T and 9T clustered with Rhizobium sophoriradicis CCBAU 03470^T and the strains 18T^T and 8Z with Rhizobium ecuadorense CNPSO 671^T. Whole genome average nucleotide identity blast (ANIb) and dDDH values between the strains 13T^T and the type strain of R. sophoriradicis and between the strains 18T^T and the type strain of R. ecuadorense were lower than 95% and 70%, respectively, which are the threshold values recommended for bacterial species differentiation. These results combined with those of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses support the affiliation of these strains to two novel species within the genus Rhizobium for which we propose the names Rhizobium croatiense sp. nov. 13T^T (=LMG 32397^T, = HAMBI 3740^T) as type strain and Rhizobium redzepovicii sp. nov. 18T^T (=LMG 32398^T, = HAMBI 3741^T) as type strain.     

Methylomonas rapida sp. nov., a novel species of fast-growing,carotenoid-producing obligate methanotrophs with high biotechnological potential

The genus Methylomonas accommodates strictly aerobic, obligate methanotrophs, with their sole carbon and energy sources restricted to methane and methanol. These bacteria inhabit oxic-anoxic interfaces of various freshwater habitats and have attracted considerable attention as potential producers of a single-cell protein. Here, we characterize two fast-growing representatives of this genus, strains 12 and MP1^T, which are phylogenetically distinct from the currently described Methylomonas species (94.0–97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strains 12 and MP1^T were isolated from freshwater sediments collected in Moscow and Krasnodar regions, respectively. Cells of these strains are Gram-negative, red-pigmented, highly motile thick rods that contain a type I intracytoplasmic membrane system and possess a particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) enzyme. These bacteria grow between 8 and 45 °C (optimum 35 °C) in a relatively narrow pH range of 5.5–7.3 (optimum pH 6.6–7.2). Major carotenoids synthesized by these methanotrophs are 4,4′-diaplycopene-4,4′-dioic acid, 1,1′-dihydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene and 4,4′-diaplycopenoic acid. High biomass yield, of up to 3.26 g CDW/l, is obtained during continuous cultivation of MP1^T on natural gas in a bioreactor at a dilution rate of 0.22 h^?1. The complete genome sequence of strain MP1^T is 4.59 Mb in size; the DNA G + C content is 52.8 mol%. The genome encodes four rRNA operons, one pMMO operon and 4,216 proteins. The genome sequence displays 82–85 % average nucleotide identity to those of earlier described Methylomonas species. We propose to classify these bacteria as representing a novel species of the genus Methylomonas, M. rapida sp. nov., with the type strain MP1^T (=KCTC 92586^T = VKM B-3663^T).     

Yamadazyma ubonensis f.a., sp. nov., a novel xylitol-producing yeast species isolated in Thailand

Three hundred and thirty-seven xylose-utilizing yeast strains were isolated from various natural samples. Among these, 68 strains produced xylitol in the range of 0.1–0.69 g xylitol/g xylose. Thirty-nine xylitol-producing strains were identified to be Candida tropicalis. Ten strains were found belonging to 14 known species in the genus Candida, Cyberlindnera, Meyerozyma, Pichia, Wickerhamomyces, Yamadazyma and Cryptococcus. Two strains were identified to be two Candida species and two strains (DMKU-XE142^T and DMKU-XE332) were found to be a novel species. Strain DMKU-XE142^T was isolated from tree bark and DMKU-XE332 was obtained from decaying plant leaf collected in Thailand. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the two strains were determined to represent a novel Yamadazyma species although formation of ascospores was not observed. The sequences of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene and the ITS region of the two strains were identical but differed from Yamadazyma phyllophila, the closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity of the D1/D2 region, by 1.7 % nucleotide substitutions and 3.5 % nucleotide substitutions in the ITS region. The name Yamadazyma ubonensis f.a., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain is DMKU-XE142^T = BCC 61020^T = CBS 12859^T).     

Meiothermus rufus sp. nov., a new slightly thermophilic red-pigmented species and emended description of the genus Meiothermus

Four red-pigmented isolates, with optimum growth temperatures of approximately 55–60 °C and an optimum pH for growth between 7.5 and 8.5, were recovered from hot springs in Central France. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these organisms represented a new species of the genus Meiothermus. The new isolates could be distinguished from other strains of the species of the genus Meiothermus primarily by the glycolipid profile and fatty acid composition because these organisms lacked the hydroxy fatty acids and the glycolipid variant GL-1a found in all other isolates of the species of Meiothermus examined. On the basis of the results presented here we propose the name Meiothermus rufus for the new species, which is represented by strains CAL-4^T (=DSM 22234^T=LMG 24878^T) and CAL-12 (=DSM 22235=LMG 24879). We also propose emending the genus Meiothermus to include strains that have only one glycolipid instead of two glycolipid variants.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kondoa gutianensis</Emphasis> f.a. sp. nov., a novel ballistoconidium-forming yeast species isolated from plant leaves

Two strains, GT-165^T and GT-261, isolated from plant leaves collected from Gutian Mountain in Zhejiang province in China were identified as a novel species of the genus Kondoa by the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of rRNA (LSU rRNA) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), complemented by physiological tests. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of ITS, D1/D2 and RPB2 showed that the closest known relatives of the new species are three undescribed Kondoa species and Kondoa thailandica. The ITS and D1/D2 sequences of the new species differ from the closely related species by 11–22% and 2–9%, respectively. The name Kondoa gutianensis f.a. sp. nov. (MB 820648, holotype = CGMCC 2.5703^T; isotype: CBS 14811^T = CGMCC 2.5703^T) is proposed to accommodate the new taxon.     

Description of Dellaglioa carnosa sp. nov., a novel species isolated from high-oxygen modified-atmosphere packaged meat

The study provides a taxonomic characterization of three bacterial strains isolated from high-oxygen modified-atmosphere packaged beef from Germany. The strains of the novel species shared identical 16S rRNA gene sequence to the closely related type strain of Dellaglioa algida. However, the in-silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values indicate that they belong to a different genomic species. The in silico DDH estimate value between TMW 2.2523^T and the type strain of Dellaglioa algida DSM 15638^T was only 63.2 %. The whole genome average nucleotide identity blast (ANIb) value of 95.1 % between TMW 2.2523^T and the closely related type strain of D. algida was within the recommended threshold value of 95–96 % for bacterial species delineation. Additionally, the phylogenomic analyses based on multi locus sequence alignment (MLSA) showed that strain TMW 2.2523^T and additional strains TMW 2.2444 and TMW 2.2533 formed a monophyletic group separate from D. algida strains. Furthermore, tyrosine decarboxylase activity could be attributed to strains of the new proposed species. The results of this polyphasic approach support the affiliation of these strains to a novel species within the genus Dellaglioa for which we propose the name Dellaglioa carnosa sp. nov. The designated respective type strain is TMW 2.2523^T (DSM 114968^T = LMG 32819^T).     

Multiplication cellulaire et production lipidique en culture in vitro chez Taphrina insititiae et Taphrina pruni, parasites de Prunus domestica

Cellular Multiplication and Lipid Synthesis during in vitro Culture of Taphrina insititiae and Taphrina pruni, Parasites of Prunus domestica. Two Taphrina species were grown on “yeast extract/glucose” and harvested at regular intervals. Their growth was estimated by dry mycelial weight and cell nitrogen. Lipids were recovered and measured by weighing. Phospholipids, which form the major portion of polar lipids, were measured by phosphorus assay. Lipidic and nitrogenous products were studied with regard to the evolution of the cultures during the phase of active growth. The cells accumulated fats, but during the phase of autolysis, fat content decreased. Production of nitrogenous components was maximal during the autolytic phase. Phospholipids varied as nitrogenous and inversely to neutral lipids. There was apparently an antagonism between nitrogen assimilation and synthesis of neutral lipids. Different functions of neutral and polar lipids may be involved, so that the former act as a reserve material and the latter represent an essential structural cell constituent. Fatty acids were analysed by gas liquid chromatography at various culture periods. Fatty acids from polar as well as those from neutral lipids exhibited great variations with regard to culture evolution. The ratio insaturated/saturated fatty acids is greater in polar lipids than in neutral lipids. These variations are discussed with regard to their consequences for the function of cell membranes.