广西百色蛇类资源调查初报

2000～2007年对广西百色的蛇类资源进行了调查.百色地区有蛇类5科57种,其中游蛇科41种,占71.9%,蝰科8种,占14.0%,眼镜蛇科6种,占10.5%,蟒科和盲蛇科各1种,各占1.8%.以东洋界种类占绝对优势(93.0%),缺古北界种类,只有4种广布古北东洋界(7.0%).根据蛇类资源现状提出了保护对策.     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区蛇类多样性及保护研究

目的了解广东象头山国家级自然保护区蛇类多样性现状,探讨保护区蛇类资源的有效保护对策。方法采用访问调查和野外样带调查相结合的方法。结果该保护区现已纪录蛇类有5科45种,占中国已纪录蛇类物种数的22．0％,占广东省已纪录蛇类物种数的46．4％,区系组成以东洋界华中区和华南区共有种为主,占82．2％。保护区有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物蚺双带亚种（蟒蛇）（Python molurus bivittatus）,以及舟山眼镜蛇（Najaatra）、眼镜王蛇（Ophiophagus hannah）、灰鼠蛇（Ptyas korros）和滑鼠蛇（Ptyas mucosus）等15种重要经济蛇类。结论广东象头山国家级自然保护区蛇类物种多样性十分丰富,但长期过度猎捕和栖息地遭破坏导致保护区一些蛇类种群数量明显减少,需加强保护。本文针对保护区蛇类保护问题提出5点建议。     

江西井冈山国家级自然保护区爬行动物多样性研究

2002～2005年对井冈山国家级自然保护区的爬行动物进行了调查,发现当地5种新记录：乌龟（Chinemys reevsii）、平胸龟（Platyternon megacephalum）、多疣壁虎（Gekko japonicus）、银环蛇（Bungarus muhicinctus）和短尾蝮（Agkistrodon brevicaudus）。井冈山自然保护区共有爬行动物41种,隶属于3目9科27属,其中蛇类占80．49％。保护区的爬行动物以东洋界种为主占总数的82．93％,其次是广布种占总数的17．07％,无古北界种。结果表明井冈山自然保护区爬行动物种类丰富,这与保护区所处的地理位置和特殊的地形和气候条件等相关。     

昆明地区爬行动物的研究

昆明地区共有爬行动物42种,隶3目10科27属。区系特点：（1）物种很丰富－占云南省爬行类27．81％,占中国10．19％,超过16省区;（2）东洋界种类占绝对优势－共39种,占92．86％;（3）西南区种类很多－有22种,占东洋界种数56．41％;（4）特有种较多－昆明特有种3种,云南特有种4种,中国特有15种,占35．71％;（5）模式产地种类多－模式产地在昆明的9种,在云南的11种,在中国的24种,占57．14％。数量状况：优势种有半叶跳虎及八线腹链蛇2种,占4．76％;普通种9种,占21．43％;稀有种31种,占73．81％。     

中国夜蛾科昆虫区系初步研究（鳞翅目：双孔亚目）

对我国分布记载较详细的１４１０种夜蛾科昆虫区系分析结果表明：１）在世界昆虫区系中,可分为１７个分布型,以东洋界种类最多,占３５．６％;古北界种类居第二,占３３．０％;古北界和东洋界共有种类居第三,占２３．０％。２）中国夜蛾科昆虫主要由古北界种类、东洋界种类、古北界和东洋界共有种类组成,占总数的９１．７％;与澳洲界共有６７种,占４．８％;与非洲界共有５１种,占３．６％;与新北界共有２３种,占１．６％     

澜沧江漫湾电站水库地区爬行动物多样性研究

漫湾电站水库地区有爬行动物４６种,隶属３目１０科３７属。特点是：（１）特种多样性很丰富,为中国扑行类种娄１１．８９％,为云南的３０．４６％,是云南省和全国爬行类很丰富的地区;（２）东洋界种类占绝对优势（９７．８３％）,没有古北界种类,古北东洋两界广布种仅１种;（３）西南区与华南区种类分别为２０及１９种;华中区及华中华南两区广布种很少;（５）特有种多,在我国主要产于云南有８种,占１７．３９％,其中云     

甘肃太统一崆峒山国家自然保护区的蝶类群落特征

2006--2010年期间,对太统一崆峒山国家级自然保护区的蝶类进行了研究。采集到蝶类标本共计4800余号,经过整理鉴定出蝶类230种及亚种,隶属10科24亚科126属。其中36属71种为优势类群,占总种数的30．87％;眼蝶科有46种,占20．0％;灰蝶科有37种,占16．1％,为次优势类群;喙蝶科、蚬蝶科为单属单种,属于罕见类群;其他各科为常见类群。在230种蝶类中,属于古北界的种类占总种数的26．5％,属于东洋界的种类占总种数的5．7％,两界兼有种类和广布种类占总种数的67．8％,即广布种类成分最多,东洋界成分最少。230种蝶类隶属126属,其中单种属有75个,占总属的59．5％,包含的种类占总种数的32．6％;多种属有51个,占总属的40．5％,包含的种类数有155种,占总种数的67．4％;属种比值系数为0．548。结果表明,该地区蝶类区系以单种属为主。     

甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查及保护对策

2006年7～8月对甘肃白水江两栖爬行动物资源进行了野外调查。本次调查共采得两栖爬行动物标本49种,隶属于13科4目。结合文献资料,该保护区现已知有两栖爬行动物65种,其中两栖动物28种,隶属于8科2目;爬行动物37种,隶属于11科3目。其区系组成东洋界种类明显占优势,占总物种数的79．63％,古北界成分占14．28％。特有种所占比例较高。根据资源特点,提出了保护区两栖爬行动物可持续保护的对策。     

西双版纳尚勇亚洲象的食物组成与取食生态

于1998—2000在西双版纳国家级自然保护区尚勇子保护区的自然生境中,通过对亚洲象取食植物调查和粪便分析,了解亚洲象的食物组成与取食习性。结果显示,野外跟踪调查共记录有106种植物被亚洲象所取食。其中有83种出现在象的粪便中,这些种类分别属于：禾本科8种（10．0％）、桑科7种（9．9％）、蝶形花科4种（8．4％）、五加科3种（6．6％）、葡萄科3种（5．7％）、夹竹桃科3种（4．6％）、芭蕉科1种（4．2％）、姜科3种（3．7％）、紫金牛科3种（3．6％）、蔷薇科3种（3．6％）、大戟科5种（3．3％）、榆科2种（3．O％）、含羞草科4种（2．9％）13个植物科。根据食物中所占的比率,桑科的榕属（Ficus）、禾本科的竹类（Bambusoideae）、小果野芭蕉（Musa acuminate）和莠竹（Microstegium ciliatum）是亚洲象的主要食物资源。在觅食过程中,亚洲象取食包括乔木、藤本灌木和草本等各种生活型的植物,其中先锋种所占比率（59％）高于后续种;选择性啃食枝条的植物种类（77种）高于牧草式取食的种类（6种）。亚洲象取食植物种类的月变化与月平均温度和月降雨量成负相关,旱季取食植物种类高于雨季。本研究对制定保护区野生动物管理策略,以及解决保护区周边日趋恶化的人象矛盾,具有一定的参考价值。     

湖北地区已知蜱类及区系分析

湖北地区已知蜱类计有6属26种，其中属东洋界种类15种，占57．7％；属古北界种类8种，占300．8％；广布界种类3种，占11．5％。分析认为，湖北地区蜱类区系应划归东洋界。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.